Development of Fragility Curve Considering Aging of Oil Storage Tanks and Its Application to Risk Assessment of Industrial Complexes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Murakami ◽  
Toshiro Yamase ◽  
Shinsaku Zama ◽  
Yoshihiro Hirokawa ◽  
Haruki Nishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Fragility Curve ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Shell Plate ◽  
Oil Tanks

The industrial oil complexes in Japan have been taking various countermeasures for prevention and reduction of disaster based on the regulations. Nevertheless, we cannot deny the possibility of breakout of severe disaster such as leakage of oil, fire, and explosion due to aging facilities, wrong operations, earthquakes and so on. Therefore, municipalities having industrial complexes are required to develop disaster prevention plans and to devise effective disaster prevention schemes. In order to effectively do that, Japan Fire and Disaster Management Agency has shown the guideline to appropriately implement risk assessment of industrial complexes for both in usual and during an earthquake based on the event tree analysis. Especially during an earthquake, the buckling of shell plate of an oil tank by strong ground motions brings the major disaster, because it is highly possible that the buckling breaks out in the vicinity of the bottom and a total quantity of oil outflows. Yamase (2006) proposed a fragility curve for the buckling of shell plate and applied it to the risk evaluation of oil tanks in Hokkaido District, northern part of Japan. However, the fragility curve was built based on only the design shell thickness data of the oil tanks in Kobe City, and the influence of aging deterioration was not considered. Then, we collected the data such as the shell plate thickness, height, diameter, and elapsed time from construction of several hundred oil tanks, and calculated the corrosion speed of the shell plates to consider the influence of aging deterioration of oil storage tanks, and newly developed a fragility curve from these data. As a result, the improved fragility curve leads to the several percent larger in the buckling outbreak probability for oil tanks built scores of years ago.

Damage to Oil Tanks Caused by Severe Strong Ground Motion due to the 2018 Hokkaido, Japan Iburi-Tobu Earthquake (Mw6.6)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hatayama ◽  
Haruki Nishi ◽  
Masahiko Hayashi ◽  
Koya Tokutake
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Shell Plate ◽  
Oil Tanks ◽  
Strong Ground

Abstract Damage and influences to oil tanks caused by severe strong ground motion due to a large earthquake (Mw6.6) that occurred in the district of Iburi-tobu, Hokkaido, Japan on September 6, 2018 are reported in this paper. In the vicinity of the seismic source region, two large-scale crude-oil storage bases are located. The neighboring two bases had in total 86 large oil storage tanks with a capacity of 115,000 m3. The oil storage bases were hit by strong ground motion with peak ground accelerations of 590 to 1,570 cm/s2 and with peak ground velocities of 50 to 80 cm/s. Shell plates of a small bunker A tank with a capacity of 306 m3 suffered diamond buckling and elephant-foot buckling. No large oil storage tanks lost their function of oil storage despite of the severe strong ground motion. However, most of them splashed oil from the gap between the floating roof and the shell plate, and many of them had damage to their pontoons, gauge poles, guide poles, rolling ladders, liquid-level meters, and shoulders of foundation. One of the 115,000-m3-in-capacity tanks was equipped with a displacement gauge system to measure uplift of the bottom of the shell plate from the shoulder of tank foundation. The system recorded a maximum uplift of 4.4 cm. This is the world’s first record of uplift of a large tank caused by a natural earthquake.

Behavior of Localized Bottom Bulge in Aboveground Oil Storage Tanks Under Liquid Pressure

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Shoichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Liquid Pressure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The bottom plate of aboveground oil storage tanks can bulge, separating from the foundation due to welding deformation. When such a bulge is subjected to liquid pressure, it deforms continuously to make contact with the foundation from the edge, and the remaining area of the bulge decreases with increasing liquid pressure. As a result, the deformation is extremely localized and plastic strain occurs at the bulge. This paper presents a plane strain finite element analysis for the evaluation of localized bottom bulges in aboveground oil storage tanks. Load-incremental, elastic-plastic large deformation analysis is carried out considering the bottom plate contact with the foundation. The relationship of the plastic strain at the bulged bottom plate to the liquid pressure is discussed together with the deformation of the bulge. As a result, the bottom plate thickness has a significant effect on the deformation, but the bulged height does not. After the bulged center makes contact with the foundation, the stress and strain do not increase with increasing liquid pressure. In addition, the permissible bulged profile specified by API Standard 653 elastically deforms to make contact with the foundation under low liquid pressure.

Research on Implementation Method and Technical Application of Risk Assessment to Storage Tank at National Petroleum Reserves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Fang ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Guanghai Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Risk Assessment Method

Abstract The inspection method based on risk was studied about 23 large tanks of a national strategic oil reserve base, which was a relatively large research work, because the tank inspection was a non-statutory inspection that received little attention, and the risk assessment method of large oil storage tanks in the actual project application was not mature enough. The basic information of 23 nominal volume one hundred thousand cubic meters crude oil tank was collected and sorted. 23 storage tanks under the application of risk assessment are all aboveground atmospheric storage tanks. 23 storage tanks are all floating-roof tanks, whose host materials include SPV490Q, 16MnR, Q235-B, and Q235-A; the containing medium for storage tank are crude oil, and time-to-use starts from August 2006 to April 2007. The implementation process of tank risk assessment was described, and the process of implementing risk assessment was described in detail. The method of risk trend analysis is studied, and the routine maintenance and maintenance suggestions are given. The results show that the risk assessment method for the tank can be implemented, and has been recognized by the tank management unit, providing a rare real case.

scholarly journals Perancangan Tangki Stainless Steel untuk Penyimpanan Minyak Kelapa Murni Kapasitas 75 m3

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekik Mahardhika ◽  
Ayu Ratnasari
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Oil Storage

Tangki merupakan wadah penyimpanan yang sering dipakai di berbagai industriseperti petrokimia, pengilangan, dan perminyakan. Tangki penyimpanan tidak hanya menjadi tempat penyimpanan untuk produk dan bahan baku tetapi juga menjaga kelancaran ketersediaan produk dan bahan baku. Selain itu, tangki juga dapat menjaga produk atau bahan baku dari kontaminan. Minyak kelapa murni adalah minyak yang dibuat dari bahan baku kelapa segar. Minyak kelapa murni memiliki daya simpan lebih dari 12 bulan sehingga diperlukan tangki penyimpanan yang memadai demi menjaga produk dari kontaminasi. ASTM 304, ASTM 316L, dan S32304 merupakan stainless steel yang digunakan untuk material plat tangki penyimpanan minyak kelapa murni. Stainless steel merupakan baja tahan korosi sehingga diharapkan dapat menjaga kualitas produk minyak kelapa murni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang tangki penyimpanan minyak kelapa murni menggunakan stainless steel. Tangki penyimpanan dirancang memiliki kapasitas 75 m3. Tangki dirancang dengan membandingkan antara API 650 dengan BS 2654. Hasil perhitungan didapatkan ketebalan plat shell aktual 6 mm, ketebalan plat dasar aktual 6 mm, ketebalan plat dasar annular aktual 8 mm, dan ketebalan atap aktual 6 mm. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, tegangan pada tangki masih memenuhi syarat karena tegangan ijin tangki lebih besar dari tegangan akibat beban statis, tegangan circumferensial, dan tegangan longitudinal. Dengan demikian, desain tangki penyimpanan dapat dikatakan aman.Kata kunci: API 650, BS 2654, minyak kelapa murni, stainless steel, tangki penyimpananTank is a storage container that is often used by various industries such as petrochemical, refining, and petroleum. Storage tanks isnot only a storage for products and raw materials but also maintain the fluency availability of products and raw materials. Furthermore, the tank can also keep products or raw materials from contaminants. Virgin coconut oil is oil made from fresh coconut. Virgin coconut oil has storability of more than 12 months, so that adequate storage tanks are required to keep the product from contamination. ASTM 304, ASTM 316L, and S32304 are stainless steels used for the material of the virgin coconut oil storage tank. Stainless steel is corrosion resistant steel so it is expected to maintain the quality of virgin coconut oil product. This research aims to design storage tank of virgin coconut oil using stainless steel material. The storage tank is designed to have a capacity of 75 m3. The tank is designed by comparing between API 650 and BS 2654. The calculation results obtained the actual thickness of the shell plate is 6 mm, the actual bottom plate thickness is 6 mm, the actual annular bottom plate thickness is 8 mm, and the actual roof thickness is 6 mm. Based on the calculation, tank stress is still accepted because the allowable stress of tank is larger than the stress due static load, circumferential stress, and longitudinal stress. Thus, the design of storage tank is safe.Keywords: API 650, BS 2654, stainless steel, storage tank, virgin coconut oil 

Numerical Study of Oil Storage Tanks during Planar Settlement

2018 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Joko Wisnugroho ◽  
Sutomo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Element Model ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Storage Tank

Inspection and maintenance are necessary to maintain the continuity of critical equipment operations such as oil storage tank. The criteria for the various types of settlement specified in American Petroleum Institute (API) 653. However, the criteria for planar settlement could not be determined. In this paper, a finite element model is developed to study the hoop stress of the tank during planar settlement. In this paper, 384 finite element models were built in order to predict the most effective allowable planar settlement at oil storage tanks. Each model is variation of the tank size, shell plate thickness, seismic zone and planar tilt of the tank. Based on size of tank population in Pertamina, 8 of standard tank size from 500-10.000 m3 were simulated. The simulation results are validated by case study in 500-5.000 m3 full scale oil storage tank. From the results, equation for criteria of planar settlement has been created.

SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION IN ITALY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Special Issue on First SACEE'19) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Fabio Sabetta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Technical Training ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Seismic Risk Assessment ◽  
Post Disaster

In this paper, the main features of the policies adopted in Italy for seismic risk reduction are discussed. Particular attention is given to the Pre-disaster prevention activities such as the implementation of the building code, the seismic risk assessment for a priority scale of intervention, tax incentives and public funding for the vulnerability reduction of the existing buildings, information to population and school education, technical training of experts. The phases of response and post-disaster activities, including emergency management, search and rescue, loss scenarios, and safety assessment of buildings, are also discussed taking example from the most recent devastating earthquakes in Italy (L.Aquila 2009, Amatrice 2016).

CHARACTERIZATION OF SLUDGE WAXES FROM CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS HANDLING OFFSHORE CRUDE

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Fazal ◽  
R. Rai ◽  
G.C. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage
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