Development of an artificial intelligence-based algorithm to classify images acquired with an intraoral scanner of individual molar teeth into three categories

Background Forensic dentistry identifies deceased individuals by comparing postmortem dental charts, oral-cavity pictures and dental X-ray images with antemortem records. However, conventional forensic dentistry methods are time-consuming and thus unable to rapidly identify large numbers of victims following a large-scale disaster. Objective Our goal is to automate the dental filing process by using intraoral scanner images. In this study, we generated and evaluated an artificial intelligence-based algorithm that classified images of individual molar teeth into three categories: (1) full metallic crown (FMC); (2) partial metallic restoration (In); or (3) sound tooth, carious tooth or non-metallic restoration (CNMR). Methods A pre-trained model was created using oral-cavity pictures from patients. Then, the algorithm was generated through transfer learning and training with images acquired from cadavers by intraoral scanning. Cross-validation was performed to reduce bias. The ability of the model to classify molar teeth into the three categories (FMC, In or CNMR) was evaluated using four criteria: precision, recall, F-measure and overall accuracy. Results The average value (variance) was 0.952 (0.000140) for recall, 0.957 (0.0000614) for precision, 0.952 (0.000145) for F-measure, and 0.952 (0.000142) for overall accuracy when the algorithm was used to classify images of molar teeth acquired from cadavers by intraoral scanning. Conclusion We have created an artificial intelligence-based algorithm that analyzes images acquired with an intraoral scanner and classifies molar teeth into one of three types (FMC, In or CNMR) based on the presence/absence of metallic restorations. Furthermore, the accuracy of the algorithm reached about 95%. This algorithm was constructed as a first step toward the development of an automated system that generates dental charts from images acquired by an intraoral scanner. The availability of such a system would greatly increase the efficiency of personal identification in the event of a major disaster.

The Association between Parenting Confidence and Later Child Mental Health in the Area Affected by the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: The Fukushima Health Management Survey

After the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, the Fukushima Health Management Survey was conducted to assess children’s lifestyle and mental health conditions. The participants in this study were 1126 children, aged 0 to 3 years, living in the evacuation zone at the time of the disaster. The parenting confidence of their mothers was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire as a baseline in 2013. We examined the association of parenting confidence level at baseline, using a total difficulty score of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and reluctance to attend school among children in a follow-up study in 2016 and 2017. As a result, no confidence was reported by 178 (15.8%) mothers, while 477 (42.4%) responded with “not sure” and 471 (41.8%) were confident. In the multiple logistic analysis, after adjusting for covariates such as the child’s sex, age, and current health condition, the group lacking parenting confidence demonstrated a significantly higher risk level for SDQ total difficulties (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.59–4.93) and reluctance to attend school (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.24–3.18) than the confident mothers. After a major disaster, which can have long-term effects on communities, intensive psychological care for mothers with young children is needed to prevent various mental health problems in their children.

Implementasi Cloud Based Video Conference System Menggunakan Amazon Web Service

Since December 2019, the world and Indonesia have fought a major disaster, namely the Covid-19 virus pandemic. With the rapid spread or transmission of the virus, the Indonesian government decided to impose social distancing or social restrictions that impacted the education sector. Students and lecturers cannot conduct lectures face-to-face in class or laboratory, but lectures must be conducted online. For that, we need an open-source system developed by the campus in carrying out online courses. This application was developed using cloud technology and JITSI as an open-source video-conferencing application. In this study, testing of the features that exist in video conferencing and resource usage on the server is carried out. The results of feature testing on the application run as expected with several important features used for learning such as chat, share screen, recording features that can run optimally. The result tested the system resources based on the number of participants, 31 participants with an average use of 2.1GB RAM and 78 participants with an average RAM usage of 2.8GB.

Preparedness of recovery to the vulnerability of climate change in the coastal areas in Bangladesh

Purpose of the Study: This research aims to identify the susceptibility of Bangladesh's coastal areas to natural disasters related to climate change and raise vigilance in the region. Methodology: We have conducted a survey of farmers in eight coastal Unions to identify the impact of climate change and the ability to implement coping mechanisms and their family size and income level. Face-to-face interviews, in-depth case studies, and focus group discussions were carried out in the survey. We further summarized the effect and recent consequences of cyclones, the major disaster in the country that are followed by flooding. Main Findings: The finding of the study reveals that the shelters are insufficient to accommodate the dense population and will be a crowded space under the influence of COVID-19, further raising the vulnerability of those affected by a disaster. The coping mechanisms implemented were the storage of rainwater and groundwater and empowering women to produce dairy products and sustain the household income. The experts’ opinion to counteract the climate change was adaptation and mitigation. Since building resilience requires a fair budget and global support, we focused on adaption, considering three adaptive approaches: accommodation, protection, and retreat. Among those, considering the densely populated nature of Bangladesh, improving accommodation and protection were the feasible solution to be proposed. In conclusion, people's livelihood activities could be diversified by providing need-based training and motivations. Research Implications: One-fourth of the total population lives in the coastal areas in Bangladesh, which frequently faces tropical cyclones, storm surges, coastal erosion, and sea-level rise that cost enormous loss to the crops, livestock, forestry, and human selves. The biodiversity of the Sundarban, one of the most vulnerable ecosystems, is also at risk of those natural disasters. The novelty of the study: Climate change is posing major threats to Bangladesh's coast. This study's findings will help individuals recover from the effects of climate change and prepare for the future.

Disaster Coverage Model (DCM): Six Dimensions to Confront Activities and Workflows for Journalists and News Departments

This work aims to identify, classify, and categorize relevant activities regarding professional journalistic work in major disaster coverage, and develop a conceptual model that organizes them theoretically. We conducted a series of empirical data collection stages (background gathering through in-depth interviews and content analysis) and later applied the theory-building block approach that uses concepts to create and operationalize constructs. The main result is a six-dimension model based on the traditional questions of the journalistic process: How, why, who, when, what, and where. It comprehensively addresses the multiple aspects involved in disaster coverage: emotional, logistic, professional, and ethical challenges, as well as timing, key actors/roles, and their needs and demands according to the disaster type and stage they face. The model also brings together a group of potential activities journalists must confront and carry out when covering major disasters or highly significant social crises. Its main contribution is to make a useful theoretical tool available to academia and the media, striving for a versatile matrix management approach.

A FRACTAL-FRACTIONAL 2019-NCOV MODEL OF MAJOR DISASTER FOR HUMAN LIFE

The purpose of this research is to explore the spread dynamics of a novel coronavirus outbreak, or 2019-nCOV via a fractional approach of type fractal-fractional (FF) derivative. We considered the FF approach in sense of the Atangana–Baleanu derivative for the system 2019-nCOV. In the FF operator, when we choose fractional-order one, we achieve the fractal model and when choosing fractal order one then we obtain a fractional model and while considering both the operators together we obtain the fractal-fractional model. The obtained results show via graphics for the different collections of fractal and fractional orders. The graphical results show the new operator impacts on a practical situation in a more visual way.

Assessment of Perception on Disaster Proneness of Lembang Fault in District of Cisarua, West Java Indonesia

The Lembang Fault is a major fault located at the northern Bandung. This fault has a high disaster risk, including ground shaking, surface rupture, and possible landslides or liquefaction. This fault can cause earthquakes of 6.5-7 magnitude, making 8 million people in four Regencies and Cities around West Bandung Regency, Cimahi City, Bandung City and Bandung Regency exposed to major disaster risk. This research focuses on assessing the Perception of Disaster Proneness of the Lembang Fault in the District of Cisarua, West Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted using a case study and deductive-qualitative approach. In addition, this research was carried out by combining engineering and social research methodologies. The survey location point is determined based on hazard data (Peak Ground Acceleration data), vulnerability data (covering building density, slope, curvature, soil character, distance from faults, etc.) and population density data. This study indicates that the public’s perception of the disaster in the Lembang Fault is very subjective. How they act is based on experience or based on their beliefs. Therefore, an essential part of this research is assessing and measuring the community’s perception of the Lembang Fault towards disasters that may arise. The government must make serious efforts to convey that the disaster in the Lembang fault is much bigger and can happen at any time. Therefore, building resilient communities that genuinely understand the dangers of living in disaster-prone areas is essential.

Disaster Vulnerability in Long-Term Care: The Importance of Social and Organizational Connections

The risks to older adults in nursing homes (NHs) and assisted living communities (ALCs) exposed to disasters are evident in prior research. However, little research has been conducted to understand the factors related to facilities’ vulnerability. This research examined NH and ALC experiences during Hurricane Irma in 2017. Qualitative interviews were conducted with representatives of facilities (N=100), transcripts were analyzed using Atlas.ti version 8. Team members met to reach consensus on codes and major themes and subthemes, which they analyzed using a conceptual model designed to identify factors related to the disaster vulnerability in long-term care (LTC). We found physical factors (e.g. location, physical characteristics) are important, but physical strength is not enough. Multiple social/organizational factors are critical. Results indicate managing a major disaster and protecting LTC residents involve social and organizational connections across a range of groups from staff and family members to emergency mangers and neighborhood associations.

Managing the Salvage, Removal, Preservation and Re-Installation of Tilted Wellhead Platform

This paper describes the planning, offshore execution and technology involved in the intact salvage, removal, preservation and relocation of a Wellhead Drilling Platform (WHP) which was tilted during drilling operation in the "X" field. The field development plan consists of a WHP tied-back to a Floating, Production, Storage & Offloading (FPSO), anchored at 700 m away from the WHP. The oil field is located 110 km from shore and at water depth of 57 m. The Project Management Team (PMT) had completed the installation of the WHP, unfortunately mishap was happened when the WHP experienced tilting during drilling operation. The platform tilted/leaned two (2) degrees towards the drilling rig. The strategy adopted by the PMT was to rig-down and move out the affected rig; immediately salvage the newly installed 1,300MT WHP's topside. The work was executed under the crisis management envelop with the aim to save the rig and platform from total loss i.e., to avoid the platform topples into the sea and subsequently hits the rig. The salvage operation employed unique processes, procedures, and technology to safe hold the tilted platform by Anchor Handling Tugs (AHTs) and pipelay barge; rig-down and move out the drilling rig, reinstatement of lifting lug/pad eyes which had previously removed after completion of topside installation and finally removal of topside from the tilted jacket. The topside then transported to the fabrication yard, where there the topside had been preserved on the transportation barge for a period of five (5) months while waiting for the new jacket to be fabricated and installed. The re-development of the affected offshore facilities from the incident involved installation of new jacket at 150 m away from the tilted jacket location, re-installation of the topside to the new installed four (4) legged jacket, re-routing the previous installed infield pipelines (8" Liquid, 16" Wet Gas and 12’ Export Gas pipeline from FPSO) and tied-in to the new platform. The planning, innovation and execution has resulted in a significant cost containment and managed to avoid major disaster; subsequently safeguard Company's reputation. The salvage of the topside and rejuvenation of the pipelines have managed to avoid the reconstruction of the topside module which potentially could lead to non-cost recovery of huge amount of additional cost (in USD millions) and managed to avoid any Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) by taken all the necessary precautions.