Light Weight Design of Multi-Layered Steel Vessels for High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage

Abstract Large scale storage of hydrogen is one of the key factors in hydrogen energy development. High-pressure hydrogen storage technology is widely used in hydrogen storage. It has advantages of easy operating, quick charge and discharge, simple equipment structure and low cost. The multi-layered steel vessel (MLSV) was developed for stationary hydrogen storage, which was flexible in design, safe in operation and convenient in fabrication. MLSV has been used in several hydrogen refueling stations in China. With the construction of hydrogen refueling stations accelerated, the vessel was required to be larger, lighter and cheaper. First, the basic structure of the MLSV was presented. Second, two light-weight methods were proposed and compared, including reducing the safety factor and increasing the strength of the steel band. Finally, the stress in the cylindrical shell of the MLSV using light-weight design were compared with the previous one. In addition, a MLSV using the light-weight method of reducing safety factor has been designed and fabricated, which can store 211 kg gaseous hydrogen at 50MPa.

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Comparisons of Testing Methods for High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage Container Under the Law and Regulation System of UN and EU

Volume 1B: Codes and Standards ◽

10.1115/pvp2018-84808 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Yang ◽

Jian-ping Yao ◽

Yi-wen Yuan ◽

Jie-lu Wang ◽

Yao-zhou Qian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Regulation System ◽

Hydrogen Energy ◽

Hydrogen Fuel ◽

Testing Methods ◽

Storage Container ◽

Technical Requirements ◽

Storage Containers ◽

Pressure Hydrogen

Hydrogen energy as the cleanest fuel to replace gasoline has been accepted by society, hydrogen fuel could be promoted based on the safety of hydrogen-fuel storage containers. For risk-controlling of hydrogen storage containers, there are many laws and regulations in UN and EU set the strict technical requirements on high pressure hydrogen storage systems and require a lot of rigorous experimental verification should be performed before mass production. Frame of GTR No.13, ECER No.134 and EU No406/2010 and the content relevant with high-pressure hydrogen storage container would be discussed emphatically in this paper. Rigorous testing methods in regulations and standards are compared and comments on hydrogen storage container performance testing are provided, besides, some important testing items are discussed.

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Prospects Analysis of Integrated-Wrapped Multi-Layer Vessels Used as High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen Storage Vessels

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1755 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 588-589 ◽

pp. 1755-1759 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peng Yun Song ◽

Jie Gao ◽

Fang Bo Ma

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Safety Monitoring ◽

Gaseous Hydrogen ◽

Research Progress ◽

Hydrogen Energy ◽

Storage Vessel ◽

Hydrogen Storage Vessel ◽

Pressure Resistance ◽

Pressure Hydrogen

High pressure gaseous hydrogen energy is the most mature technology of hydrogen utilizing. High pressure gaseous hydrogen storage involves with high pressure vessel. In this paper, the research of high pressure gaseous hydrogen storage vessel is reviewed, and the research progress of multi-layer vessel used as high pressure hydrogen storage vessel is especially introduced. An integrated multi-layer-wrapped cylinder which may be used as high pressure gaseous hydrogen storage equipment is analyzed. The cylinder consists of lining, internal cylinder and multi-layer laminates. Lining and internal cylinder are made of anti-hydrogen steel, while the laminates are wrapped outside the internal cylinder to the required thickness with integrated wrapping method. The circumferential and longitudinal welding seams can be staggered in each laminate. The hydrogen leaking detection device is located in each cylinder section. This cylinder is provided with bearing pressure, resistance to hydrogen, anti-burst, online safety monitoring and other characteristics, which offers a possible structure for the construction of high pressure hydrogen storage vessel.

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Measurement of the Hydrogen Permeability of Various Polymers for High Pressure Hydrogen Storage Vessels and Valves

Volume 1: Codes and Standards ◽

10.1115/pvp2020-21210 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jin-Seob Jang ◽

Nak-Kwan Chung

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Hydrogen Permeability ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽

Hydrogen Energy ◽

Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽

Storage Containers ◽

Materials Used ◽

Pressure Hydrogen

Abstract We have been studied on the physical property evaluation in high-pressure hydrogen environment for components and materials used in hydrogen infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling station and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle for safe use and dissemination of hydrogen energy. Hydrogen is small and light and easily leaks out of storage containers or parts. For safety, it is important to measure the permeability of the material and parts for high pressure hydrogen vessel. We will present the measurement of hydrogen permeability of polymer materials used in hydrogen storage containers and O-rings. Hydrogen permeability was measured by differential pressure method, and the permeability of several polymers such as EPDM, NBR, FKM, and HDPE was measured. Their diffusivity could be calculated using the obtained permeability graph, and their solubility was also obtained. We will measure the permeability by changing the type and the amount of additives and fillers in polymers. We will also measure the change in permeability with various hydrogen pressure and temperature.

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High Pressure 98 MPa Multifunctional Steel Layered Vessels for Stationary Hydrogen Storage

Volume 1A: Codes and Standards ◽

10.1115/pvp2016-63315 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Jinyang Zheng ◽

Qi He ◽

Chaohua Gu ◽

Yongzhi Zhao ◽

Zhengli Hua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Low Cost ◽

Basic Structure ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Geologic Storage ◽

Effective Normal Stress ◽

Central Production

The storage of hydrogen in a compressed gaseous form offers the simplest solution in terms of infrastructure requirements and has become the most highly developed hydrogen storage method. Low cost and large vessels for bulk hydrogen storage are needed at central production plants, geologic storage sites, terminals and refueling stations. A multifunctional steel layered vessel (MSLV) for stationary hydrogen storage with maximum design pressure of 98 MPa has been developed. First of all, the basic structure and characteristics of the vessel were introduced. Secondly, the stress in the cylindrical shell of the MSLV was studied based on the ribbon-width-direction effective normal stress and shear stress sub-models. Besides, the stresses in the hemispherical head and reinforcing ring were obtained by combining finite element analysis with experiments in the meantime. Finally, safety of the vessel was evaluated mainly by hydrogen compatibility tests of the weld joints of austenitic stainless steel S31603 under 98MPa gaseous hydrogen according to ANSI/CSA CHMC 1-2014, as well as MSLV’s feature of burst resistant and easy for online safety monitoring. Research shows that hydrogen embrittlement of MSLV was mitigated, because the stress in the inner shell of MSLV is low, and austenitic stainless steel and its weld are well compatible with high pressure hydrogen.

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Low Cost, High Efficiency, High Pressure Hydrogen Storage

10.2172/1012567 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Leavitt

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Hydrogen Storage ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Pressure Hydrogen

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Crack Growth Analysis of High-Pressure Equipment for Hydrogen Storage

Volume 1B: Codes and Standards ◽

10.1115/pvp2013-97272 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Z. Y. Li ◽

C. L. Zhou ◽

Y. Z. Zhao ◽

Z. L. Hua ◽

L. Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Crack Growth ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

Model Material ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Cycle Life ◽

Cold Worked ◽

Type 304 ◽

Pressure Hydrogen

Crack growth analysis (CGA) was applied to estimate the cycle life of the high-pressure hydrogen equipment constructed by the practical materials of 4340 (two heats), 4137, 4130X, A286, type 316 (solution-annealed (SA) and cold-worked (CW)), and type 304 (SA and CW) in 45, 85 and 105 MPa hydrogen and air. The wall thickness was calculated following five regulations of the High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan (KHK) designated equipment rule, KHKS 0220, TSG R0002, JB4732, and ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 3. We also applied CGA for four typical model materials to discuss the effect of ultimate tensile strength (UTS), pressure and hydrogen sensitivity on the cycle life of the high-pressure hydrogen equipment. Leak before burst (LBB) was confirmed in all practical materials in hydrogen and air. The minimum KIC required for LBB of the model material with UTS of even 1500 MPa was 170 MPa·m0.5 in 105 MPa. Cycle life qualified 103 cycles for all practical materials in air. In 105 MPa hydrogen, the cycle life by KIH was much shorter than that in air for two heats of 4340 and 4137 sensitive to hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE). The cycle life of type 304 (SA) sensitive to HGE was almost above 104 cycles in hydrogen, while the cycle life of type 316 (SA and CW) was not affected by hydrogen and that of A286 in hydrogen was near to that in air. It was discussed that the cycle life increased with decreasing pressure or UTS in hydrogen. This behavior was due to that KIH increased or fatigue crack growth (FCG) decreased with decreasing pressure or UTS. The cycle life data of the model materials under the conditions of the pressure, UTS, KIH, FCG and regulations in both hydrogen and air were proposed quantitatively for materials selection for high-pressure hydrogen storage.

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