Hybrid Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Ti–6Al–4V: Processing, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties

Processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the hybrid electron beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF) additive manufacturing of Ti–6Al–4V have been investigated. We explore the possibility of integrating the substrate as a part of the final component as a repair, integrated, or consolidated part. Various starting plate surface conditions are used to understand the joining behavior and their microstructural properties in the bonding region between the plate and initial deposited layers. It is found that mechanical failures mainly occur within the substrate region due to the dominant plastic strains localized in the weaker Ti–6Al–4V substrate. The hybrid concept is successfully proven with satisfactory bonding performance between the E-PBF build and substrate. This investigation improves the practice of using the hybrid E-PBF additive manufacturing technique and provides basic understanding to this approach.

Crowley, the Orient, and the Occult

This chapter examines the life and work of the British magus Aleister Crowley, focusing on the place of Orientalism and the subtle body in the development of his magical system. After a short biographical section where the chapter traces his life to the age of thirty when his occult vocation began in earnest, the chapter shifts to Crowley’s interest in the Orient, analyzing his engagement with Kabbalah, Daoism, yoga, and Islamic mysticism. The chapter then zeroes in on Crowley’s presentation of the subtle body in his magnum opus before moving on to theoretical analysis of the basic philosophical tenets of Crowley’s system, interrogating his skepticism and inductive method in engaging with occult and Astral phenomena. The chapter ends with a brief discussion on the process of cultural transformation, following the subtle body as it moves from a term of translation to a creolized fusion (ala Blavatsky) where Oriental terminology forms a sort of veneer over a Neoplatonic concept, to a fully hybrid concept (as in Crowley) that is neither fully a Neoplatonic idea nor an Oriental import, but something in between.

Hybrid Offshore Power Generation

Amid 2020 challenging business environments due to COVID-19 pandemic and strong global push towards transition to cleaner energy, PETRONAS has declared its' aspiration to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050. PETRONAS sustainability journey has begun for more than two decades and with strong management support towards renewable and as part of PETRONAS's technology agenda, its' research arm, PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB) has been working on ways to use renewable energy sources for offshore oil and gas platforms in Malaysia. Oil and Gas industry has long relied on turbine generators for offshore power generation. These turbo-fired machineries are operating as microgrid with existing power management system (PMS) as microgrid controllers. They normally use either gas or diesel as fuel gas to ensure reliable power generation where high maintence cost is expected to operate these generators. Also, they have low energy efficiency and hence, usually oversized to ensure meeting the demand reliably. Typically, the power generation load is being taken by two units of turbine generators with another unit as spare. This has resulted in high operational expenditure (OPEX) and contributes to high levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for offshore power generation for such conventional system. LCOE is the yardstick for power generation technology, and it measures discounted lifecycle cost consisting of both capital expenditure (CAPEX) and OPEX, divided by discounted lifecycle of annual energy production [2], [4], [5]. Also, these turbine generators operating at platforms that have gas evacuation pipelines will use up precious fuel gas which can otherwise be sold. This will have impact on the total sales gas revenue. Not withstanding, the burning of the fuel gas will result in the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hence is exposed to carbon tax. To mitigate this issue, PRSB has developed an offshore hybrid power generation concept to leverage and optimize wind turbine system for offshore power generation in weak wind area such as Malaysia. In this concept, one gas turbine generator is replaced by an offshore wind turbine adapted to low wind speed region. This will lower the maintenance cost and carbon exposure. Also, the fuel gas will be diverted to sales gas. This in turn will improve the economics of the renewable solution thereby making offshore renewable power generation feasible for oil and gas platforms. Forward thinking efforts include pushing the limits of harnessing wind energy in weak wind area such as Malaysia. In here, considerations of a total solution include not only the type of wind turbine generator that can be adapted to weak wind area and having the lowest maintenance requirements as possible, but also looking into cutting edge foundation technologies. The LCOE is expected to be lower than conventional power generation. To ensure optimized hybrid concept, careful selection and adaptations of wind turbine system and its' substructure are required to achieve a cost-effective solution [3], [2]. Conceptual engineering and front-end engineering design were conducted which resulted in the development of the hybrid offshore power generation system. In this paper, the hybrid concept will be shown, the considerations for selection of a suitable wind turbine will be shared and the decisions leading the to the selection and optimization of the foundation type, either fixed bottom or floating are elaborated.

Evolution in Public Governance Models: From Administrative Management to the Hybrid and Normative Concept of Good Governance (Part I)

The administrative-bureaucratic system developed by M. Weber dominated for many years in public governance. Serious criticisms of its inefficiency led to the emergence of an alternative concept called new public management in the 1980s. The new model introduced market-oriented solutions, as well as corporate management tools and approaches such as strategic and business planning. As a result, the new public management increased the efficiency of public governance. However, it created public discontent due to ignoring the criteria of social justice. With globalization and technological change, new views and paradigms emerged, which have been derived from the practices of many countries and crystalize in the concept of good governance. It is a hybrid concept because new socially significant principles such as openness, transparency and digital communication have been added to accepted principles like rule of law, efficiency and effectiveness. It is also a normative concept because the principles are treated as guiding rules, which countries have to follow in their public governance.

Unpredictable Verticality: Paradigm of a Vertical City

<p>With the densification of urban cities, our urban concrete jungles are populated by self-supporting and monolithic building blocks such as high rises and skyscrapers, connected only by the ground plan that they sit on. Although the buildings of today’s cities are getting taller, the architecture of today’s cities is still being developed on a two-dimensional template, where ground is the base plane and tall buildings remain independent to one another. This has created a segregation between the claimed internal spaces of our built environment and the public domain of architecture within the vertical realm of our urban fabric. This thesis speculates what vertical architecture of the future could be like if we challenge the conventional perception of our claimed vertical space, proposing an alternative while exploring the idea of a three-dimensional urban fabric. The research also encapsulates exploration of future technologies that may aid in the feasibility of this type of vertical architecture. Utilizing a design-led research approach, design experiments were employed to explore different ideologies surrounding futuristic alternatives in approaching vertical architecture. The research explores the proposition through design experiments of three different scales, namely, an installation exploring connectivity through abstraction, a ‘mid-scale’ vertical residence and a vertical city at a public scale. This research was predominantly influenced by the theoretical works of Yona Friedman, Nat Chard, Lebbeus Woods and Cedric Price. Their works were analyzed and merged to generate a hybrid concept for an alternate utilization of vertical space.</p>

Unpredictable Verticality: Paradigm of a Vertical City

<p>With the densification of urban cities, our urban concrete jungles are populated by self-supporting and monolithic building blocks such as high rises and skyscrapers, connected only by the ground plan that they sit on. Although the buildings of today’s cities are getting taller, the architecture of today’s cities is still being developed on a two-dimensional template, where ground is the base plane and tall buildings remain independent to one another. This has created a segregation between the claimed internal spaces of our built environment and the public domain of architecture within the vertical realm of our urban fabric. This thesis speculates what vertical architecture of the future could be like if we challenge the conventional perception of our claimed vertical space, proposing an alternative while exploring the idea of a three-dimensional urban fabric. The research also encapsulates exploration of future technologies that may aid in the feasibility of this type of vertical architecture. Utilizing a design-led research approach, design experiments were employed to explore different ideologies surrounding futuristic alternatives in approaching vertical architecture. The research explores the proposition through design experiments of three different scales, namely, an installation exploring connectivity through abstraction, a ‘mid-scale’ vertical residence and a vertical city at a public scale. This research was predominantly influenced by the theoretical works of Yona Friedman, Nat Chard, Lebbeus Woods and Cedric Price. Their works were analyzed and merged to generate a hybrid concept for an alternate utilization of vertical space.</p>

Techno-Economic Analysis of a Flexible Process Concept for the Production of Transport Fuels and Heat from Biomass and Renewable Electricity

Different processes have been proposed to meet the global need for renewable fuel. The Biomass to Liquid process (BtL) converts biomass via the Fischer-Tropsch route to hydrocarbon chains that can be refined to transport fuel. With the addition of electrolytic hydrogen to the Power and Biomass to Liquid process (PBtL), the carbon efficiency can be increased relative to the BtL process. It was shown in previous studies that the PBtL concept has an economic edge over BtL when cheap electricity is available to maximize the fuel yield. In this study, a techno-economic analysis is conducted for a hybrid process concept which can switch operation modes from electrolysis enhanced to only biomass conversion. In case studies the effect of the Fischer-Tropsch conversion, H2/CO ratio of the Fischer-Tropsch feed and the biomass feed rate in the electrolysis enhanced mode are analyzed. Every process configuration is modeled based on experimentally validated unit models from literature in the commercial software Aspen Plus and analyzed using DLR’s software tool TEPET. For a 200 MWth biomass input plant, production costs of 1.08 €2019/L for the hybrid concept with a carbon efficiency of 53.3% compared to 0.66 €2019/L for BtL with 35.4% and 1 €2019/L for PBtL with 61.1% were found based on the Finnish day-ahead market for the base case. The net production cost for the hybrid concept can be decreased by 0.07 €2019/L when a Fischer-Tropsch H2/CO ratio of 1.6 instead of 2.05 is used.

Hybrid Concept Analysis of Self-Management Support: School Nurses Supporting Students with Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures

Self-management support has been identified as an effective nursing intervention for improving outcomes for people with chronic conditions, yet this concept lacks a clear definition. Furthermore, the concept has not been used in school nursing literature despite the clear connection between school nursing practice and tenets of self-management support. Additionally, the concept has not been explored in the context of difficult-to-manage mental health concerns, such as psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. A conversion disorder in which seizure events in the absence of abnormal brainwave activity result from stress, psychogenic nonepileptic seizures affect the quality of life and school experience for students experiencing them and could be addressed through self-management support. This hybrid concept analysis included a review of extant literature and semi-structured interviews with school nurses to ascertain a definition of self-management support in the context of school nursing using care of students with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures as an exemplar.

Demonstration of a Novel Alternating Current Hybrid Concept for a Fuel Cell–Battery Hybrid Electric Aircraft

Hybrid electric aircraft offer the potential to decrease emissions from air travel. A new hybrid concept is proposed for a fuel cell-battery hybrid aircraft. In contrast to existing hybrids, the proposed concept puts a battery directly on the AC phases of the motor, which together with a suitable switching circuit superimposes the DC voltage from the battery on the AC voltage of the motor phase providing a voltage boost depending on the battery voltage, which can be used during a high-power demand flight phase. The system is also capable of recharging the battery during flight. The necessary switching architecture was developed and modeled in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the concept and an experimental setup was built for demonstrating the functionality. Simulation and experimental results showed a very good agreement which is very promising for the proposed new hybrid topology.