Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of Stress Corrosion Crack in Welded Steel Plate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyun Ma ◽  
Lingyu Yu ◽  
Poh-Sang Lam ◽  
Robert L. Sindelar ◽  
Andrew J. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Crack Length ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducer ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Wave System ◽  
Welded Steel

Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has been observed in the high-level nuclear waste tanks that were constructed by welding carbon steel plates. This paper aims to establish an ultrasonic inspection system and its fundamental ability for SCC inspection and quantification on thick welded steel plates. A welded steel plate was fabricated without heat treatment by joining two carbon steel plates through gas metal arc welding (GMAW) procedure. SCC growth, which was initiated with starter cracks across the weld, were observed in a few weeks after submerging the plate in 5 molar (5M) sodium nitrate (NaNO3) solution at about 90 °C. The SCC is inspected with an ultrasonic guided wave system, which employs a piezoelectric transducer for guided wave actuation and a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) for wavefield sensing. The measured wavefield can immediately show wave interactions with the crack. Wavefield images are further generated for the crack length quantification. To demonstrate the crack sizing capability of using the piezoelectric transducer and SLDV, the previous results from the magnetic particle test (MT) are compared. Reasonable agreement in crack length measurement is obtained with the ultrasonic test imaging technique.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Numerical Study on Stress Intensity Factors for FRP-Strengthened Steel Plates with Double-Edged Cracks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Tao Wang ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Yu-Yang Pang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Crack Length ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity Factors ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Intensity Factors ◽  
Adhesive Thickness

This paper presents a theoretical and numerical study on the stress intensity factors for double-edged cracked steel plates strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plates. Based on the stress intensity factor solution for infinite center-cracked steel plates strengthened with FRP plates, expressions of the stress intensity factors were proposed for double-edged cracked steel plates strengthened with FRP plates by introducing two correction factors: β and f. A finite element (FE) simulation was carried out to calculate the stress intensity factors of the steel plate specimens. Numerous combinations of the specimen width, crack length, FRP thickness and Young’s modulus, adhesive thickness, and shear modulus were considered to conduct the parametric investigation. The FE results were used to investigate the main influencing factors of the stress intensity factors and the correction factor, β. The expression of the correction factor, β, was formulated and calibrated based on the FE results. The proposed expressions of the stress intensity factors were a function of the applied stress, the crack length, the ratio between the crack length and the width of the steel plate, the stiffness ratio between the FRP plate and steel plate, the adhesive thickness, and the shear modulus. Finally, the theoretical results and numerical results were compared to validate the proposed expressions.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Behaviour of Wall–Beam–Strut Joints for Prefabricated Underground Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingjin Liu ◽  
Jiandong Lu ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Hongyuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Skeleton Curve ◽  
Cracking Pattern ◽  
Plate Connection

AbstractPrefabricated construction is becoming increasingly prevalent, however, it is rarely applied in underground constructions, except for tunnel linings, due to the difficulties that arise in jointing various prefabricated components in underground conditions. To solve the vertical location problem of embedded mechanical couplers during the construction of wall–beam–strut joints for a prefabricated metro station, a new connection using welded steel plates is proposed. In this paper, four full-scale specimens of wall–beam–strut joints connected using welded steel plates and mechanical couplers were experimentally tested under monotonic and low-reversed cyclic loading conditions. The testing results were analysed in terms of the ultimate bearing capacity, failure mode, hysteresis, skeleton curve, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation and strain of the reinforcement bars. Notably, the two kinds of joints had similar ultimate bearing capacities and failure modes, but the crack distributions on the tops of the waler beams were different. For the specimens with the welded steel plate connection, tensile horizontal cracks first appeared on the top surface of the beam, where the welded steel plate was located, and then coalesced gradually; however, this cracking pattern was not observed during the experimental test of the specimens connected with the mechanical couplers. Furthermore, it was determined that the energy dissipation and ductility of the welded steel plate connection were better than those of the mechanical coupler connected joint, because the steel plate could redistribute the internal force in the joint and increase the stiffness. It was concluded that the proposed welded steel plate connection could be more favourable than the mechanical coupler connection in the construction of a prefabricated metro station in Guangzhou. Moreover, the results obtained from these experiments could provide guidelines for the corresponding connections employed in underground-prefabricated structures.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Heating Temperature On The Hardness, Microstructure And V-Bending Spring Back Results On Commercial Steel Plate

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Asep Ruchiyat ◽  
Muh Anhar ◽  
Yusuf Yusuf ◽  
Betti Ses Eka Polonia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Spring Back ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Back Angle

The need for low carbon steel plate sheets with relatively thin thickness measurements in Indonesia is currently quite high, especially in supporting the automotive industry, the electronics industry, the food industry, beverages, and household appliances. To fulfill this, raw materials for low carbon steel plate sheets that have high formability and are not easily cracked in critical areas of the desired model are required. For this reason, research on the effect of temperature variations in heat treatment on hardness, microstructure and spring back of V-bending results on steel plates with a plate thickness of 0.8 mm. The research method used was a laboratory experimental method. The heat treatment is carried out with temperature variations of 710, 820 and 9300C with a holding time of 60 minutes. Tests carried out on specimens are hardness testing, microstructure testing, and spring back V-bending results on steel plates. The results of this study indicate a decrease in the spring back angle where the smallest spring back angle in the bending process is on the 9300C plate which is 1,040. The value of the hardness results from V-bending has increased significantly. The increase in the value of hardness because the plate has an atom shift or dislocation by shear stress (slip) due to plastic deformation on the plate. The highest hardness value is on the 7100C plate which is 154.67 HV or has an increase of 14,291% of the pre-bending plate. The lowest hardness value is on the 9300C plate which is 125.33 HV, its hardness increases 4.4% against the pre-bending plate. Heat treatment also causes changes in the microstructure of the plates from the process of regulation and reshaping of crystals to the growth of new grains which have implications for changes in mechanical properties and formability of the workpiece.

Effects of Cathodic Protection and Coating on the Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel in Stagnant and Flowing Freshwater

2013 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Abdelsalam Ahdash ◽  
Esah Hamzah ◽  
Ali Ourdjini ◽  
Siti Rahmah Shamsuri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Bare Steel ◽  
Protection Layer ◽  
Impressed Current

The protection of carbon steel in freshwater media has been examined via two techniques (Impressed current cathodic and coating). This paper shows the reduction of corrosion rates under different conditions. Experimental tests were carried out for two types of steel (bared, coated) and with ICCP/without ICCP in stagnant and flowing freshwater. The results showed there was a variation in the values of potential according to the formation of the protection layer on the surface of steel plates. Furthermore, this layer showed such an excellent protection for both steels with ICCP in stagnant and flowing freshwater, where the values of potential had decreased from -840mV to -875 mV. However, the values of potential had increased from -702 mV to -630 mV for the coated steel without ICCP. On the other hand, the values of potential slightly fluctuated up to -10 mV for the bare steel without ICCP. The reason behind this increase is attributed to the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the steel plate.

Elevated Temperature Yield and 0·2 per cent Proof Stress Properties of Carbon Steel Plates, with Particular Reference to the Values Specified in B.S. 1501: 1964

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 803-817
Author(s):  
J. Glen ◽  
R. F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Proof Stress ◽  
Testing Technique

The results of some 5000 elevated temperature yield or proof stress tests on steels conforming to the new series of B.S. 1501 carbon steel plate specifications are reported. The data are discussed in relation to the levels of yield and proof stress specified in B.S. 1501: 1964 and the various factors causing variations in the elevated temperature properties are outlined. The effect of differences in testing technique and in methods of deriving ‘guaranteed’ properties (i.e. minimum values which the steel in question will always meet) are considered in relation to the draft International Boiler Code and it is suggested that discrepancies in design thicknesses of approximately 10 per cent can arise owing to these differences.

Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of Stress Corrosion Crack in Welded Steel Plate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHAOYUN MA ◽  
Lingyu Yu ◽  
Yuh Chao ◽  
Poh-Sang Lam ◽  
Robert Sindelar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Evaluation ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Crack ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation

scholarly journals Research on Detection Mechanism of Weld Defects of Carbon Steel Plate Based on Orthogonal Axial Eddy Current Probe

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5515
Author(s):  
Linnan Huang ◽  
Chunhui Liao ◽  
Xiaochun Song ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Eddy Current Testing ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Current Testing ◽  
Weld Defects ◽  
Lift Off

The uneven surface of the weld seam makes eddy current testing more susceptible to the lift-off effect of the probe. Therefore, the defect of carbon steel plate welds has always been a difficult problem in eddy current testing. This study aimed to design a new type of eddy current orthogonal axial probe and establish the finite element simulation model of the probe. The effect of the probe structure, coil turns, and coil size on the detection sensitivity was simulated. Further, a designed orthogonal axial probe was used to conduct a systematic experiment on the weld of carbon steel specimens, and the 0.2 mm width and 1 mm depth of weld defects of carbon steel plates were effectively detected. The experimental results showed that the new orthogonal axial eddy current probe effectively suppressed the unevenness effect of the weld surface on the lift-off effect during the detection process.

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