Development of a Finite Element Lumbar Segment Model for Simulation of Coupled Loading Conditions Validated With In Vitro Experimental Studies

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Brian P. Kelly ◽  
Denis J. DiAngelo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Lumbar Segment ◽  
In Vitro Biomechanics ◽  
Transverse Axial

The traditional approach for evaluating the biomechanics of the spine, both experimentally and computationally, is through a series of planar loading scenarios that are reduced to sagittal (flexion/extension), frontal (lateral bending), and transverse (axial) planes of movement [1]. However, coupled movements occur through daily living activities that place further demands on a spinal device beyond simple planar movements. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro biomechanics of the L4-L5 lumbar motion segment unit (MSU) under the coupled loading conditions, and to use the experimental data to validate a high-fidelity non-parametric finite element (FE) model of the L4-L5 lumbar MSU.

scholarly journals Stress-strain distribution in intact L4-L5 vertebrae under the influence of physiological movements: A finite element (FE) investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1206 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
Devismita Sanjay ◽  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Souptick Chanda
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
Tetrahedral Elements ◽  
Functional Spinal Unit ◽  
Flexion Extension

Abstract This study is aimed at finding the stress and strain distribution in functional spinal unit of L4-L5 occurring due to physiological body movements under five loading conditions, namely compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending and torsion. To this purpose, 3D finite element (FE) model has been generated using 4-noded unstructured tetrahedral elements considered both for bones and intervertebral disc, and 1D tension-only spring elements for ligaments. The analyses were performed for a compression load of 500 N and for other load cases, a moment of 10 N-m along with a preload of 500 N was applied. The model was validated against in-vitro experimental data obtained from literature and FE analysis data for a range of motion (RoM) corresponding to various loading conditions. The highest stress was predicted in the case of torsion though the angular deformation was highest in case of flexion.

A Biomechanical Model of Lumbar Spine

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanya Uppala ◽  
Robert X. Gao ◽  
Scott Cowan ◽  
K. Francis Lee
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Cortical Shell ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Abstract The strength and stability of the lumbar spine are determined not only by the bone and muscles, but also by the visco-elastic structures and the interplay between the different components of the spine, such as ligaments, capsules, annulus fibrosis, and articular cartilage. In this paper we present a non-linear three-dimensional Finite Element model of the lumbar spine. Specifically, a three-dimensional FE model of the L4-5 one-motion segment/2 vertebrae was developed. The cortical shell and the cancellous bone of the vertebral body were modeled as 3D isoparametric eight-nodal elements. Finite element models of spinal injuries with fixation devices are also developed. The deformations across the different sections of the spine are observed under the application of axial compression, flexion/extension, and lateral bending. The developed FE models provided input to both the fixture design and experimental studies.

Numerical investigation on the stability of human upper cervical spine (C1–C3)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Waseem Ur Rahman ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Guohua Wang ◽  
Zhijun Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
The Stability

BACKGROUND: The finite element method (FEM) is an efficient and powerful tool for studying human spine biomechanics. OBJECTIVE: In this study, a detailed asymmetric three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of the upper cervical spine was developed from the computed tomography (CT) scan data to analyze the effect of ligaments and facet joints on the stability of the upper cervical spine. METHODS: A 3D FE model was validated against data obtained from previously published works, which were performed in vitro and FE analysis of vertebrae under three types of loads, i.e. flexion/extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending. RESULTS: The results show that the range of motion of segment C1–C2 is more flexible than that of segment C2–C3. Moreover, the results from the FE model were used to compute stresses on the ligaments and facet joints of the upper cervical spine during physiological moments. CONCLUSION: The anterior longitudinal ligaments (ALL) and interspinous ligaments (ISL) are found to be the most active ligaments, and the maximum stress distribution is appear on the vertebra C3 superior facet surface under both extension and flexion moments.

scholarly journals The Simulation of Muscles Forces Increases the Stresses in Lumbar Fixation Implants with Respect to Pure Moment Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Panico ◽  
Tito Bassani ◽  
Tomaso Maria Tobia Villa ◽  
Fabio Galbusera
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Pure Moment ◽  
The Finite Element Model

Simplified loading conditions such as pure moments are frequently used to compare different instrumentation techniques to treat spine disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of realistic loading conditions such as muscle forces can alter the stresses in the implants with respect to pure moment loading. A musculoskeletal model and a finite element model sharing the same anatomy were built and validated against in vitro data, and coupled in order to drive the finite element model with muscle forces calculated by the musculoskeletal one for a prescribed motion. Intact conditions as well as a L1-L5 posterior fixation with pedicle screws and rods were simulated in flexion-extension and lateral bending. The hardware stresses calculated with the finite element model with instrumentation under simplified and realistic loading conditions were compared. The ROM under simplified loading conditions showed good agreement with in vitro data. As expected, the ROMs between the two types of loading conditions showed relatively small differences. Realistic loading conditions increased the stresses in the pedicle screws and in the posterior rods with respect to simplified loading conditions; an increase of hardware stresses up to 40 MPa in extension for the posterior rods and 57 MPa in flexion for the pedicle screws were observed with respect to simplified loading conditions. This conclusion can be critical for the literature since it means that previous models which used pure moments may have underestimated the stresses in the implants in flexion-extension and in lateral bending.

scholarly journals Effects of cervical rotatory manipulation on the cervical spinal cord: a finite element study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Xue ◽  
Zujiang Chen ◽  
Han Yang ◽  
Taijun Chen ◽  
Yikai Li
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background Little information is available concerning the biomechanism involved in the spinal cord injury after cervical rotatory manipulation (CRM). The primary purpose of this study was to explore the biomechanical and kinematic effects of CRM on a healthy spinal cord. Methods A finite element (FE) model of the basilaris cranii, C1–C7 vertebral bodies, nerve root complex and vertebral canal contents was constructed and validated against in vivo and in vitro published data. The FE model simulated CRM in the flexion, extension and neutral positions. The stress distribution, forma and relative position of the spinal cord were observed. Results Lower von Mises stress was observed on the spinal cord after CRM in the flexion position. The spinal cord in CRM in the flexion and neutral positions had a lower sagittal diameter and cross-sectional area. In addition, the spinal cord was anteriorly positioned after CRM in the flexion position, while the spinal cord was posteriorly positioned after CRM in the extension and neutral positions. Conclusion CRM in the flexion position is less likely to injure the spinal cord, but caution is warranted when posterior vertebral osteophytes or disc herniations exist.

Biomechanical Response of a Functional Spine Unit Under Various Loading Conditions: A Viscoelastic Finite Element Approach

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Esat ◽  
Memis Acar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Loading Conditions

Biomechanical and epidemiologic studies state that recreational activity and industrial work, embodying static work postures, physically heavy tasks, frequent bending, and twisting motions, lifting and sudden loading incidents are highly related to low back pain disorders. In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the low back pain under severe and traumatic static and dynamic loading conditions, the finite element (FE) technique is widely used as a computational method to model, simulate and analyse the behaviour of the spinal segments in the lumbar spine, which are much more difficult with in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. Intervertebral discs, having many other functions, support a huge extent of the compressive loadings the trunk is subjected to. The results of the FE analyses can be employed to understand the injury mechanisms occurring in and about the intervertebral discs, providing stress and strain distributions, and to aid the therapists in selecting the type of treatment for low back pain, and in developing guidelines for industrial safety.

Biomechanical in Vitro and Finite Element Study On Different Sagittal Alignment Postures of the Lumbar Spine During Multiaxial Daily Motion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Wilmanns ◽  
Agnes Beckmann ◽  
Luis Fernando Nicolini ◽  
Christian Herren ◽  
Rolf Sobottke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Sagittal Spinal Alignment ◽  
Biomechanical Response

Abstract Lumbar Lordotic correction (LLC), the gold standard treatment for Sagittal Spinal malalignment (SMA), and its effect on sagittal balance have been critically discussed in recent studies. This paper assesses the biomechanical response of the spinal components to LLC as an additional factor for the evaluation of LLC. Human lumbar spines (L2L5) were loaded with combined bending moments in Flexion (Flex)/Extension (Ex) or Lateral Bending (LatBend) and Axial Rotation (AxRot) in a physiological environment. We examined the dependency of AxRot range of motion (RoM) on the applied bending moment. The results were used to validate a Finite Element (FE) model of the lumbar spine. With this model, the biomechanical response of the intervertebral discs (IVD) and facet joints under daily motion was studied for different sagittal spinal alignment (SA) postures, simulated by a motion in Flex/Ex direction. Applied bending moments decreased AxRot RoM significantly (all P<0.001). A stronger decline of AxRot RoM for Ex than for Flex direction was observed (all P<0.0001). Our simulated results largely agreed with the experimental data (all R2>0.79). During daily motion, the IVD was loaded higher with increasing lumbar lordosis (LL) for all evaluated values at L2L3 and L3L4 and posterior Annulus Stress (AS) at L4L5 (all P<0.0476). The results of this study indicate that LLC with large extensions of LL may not always be advantageous regarding the biomechanical loading of the IVD. This finding may be used to improve the planning process of LLC treatments.

Development and Verification of a Dynamic TKR Model

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Halloran ◽  
Anthony J. Petrella ◽  
Paul J. Rullkoetter
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Contact Mechanics ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Total Joint Replacement ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Loading Conditions

The success of current total knee replacement (TKR) devices is contingent on the kinematics and contact mechanics during in vivo activity. Indicators of potential clinical performance of total joint replacement devices include contact stress and area due to articulations, and tibio-femoral and patello-femoral kinematics. An effective way of evaluating these parameters during the design phase or before clinical use is via computationally efficient computer models. Previous finite element (FE) knee models have generally been used to determine contact stresses and/or areas during static or quasi-static loading conditions. The majority of knee models intended to predict relative kinematics have not been able to determine contact mechanics simultaneously. Recently, however, explicit dynamic finite element methods have been used to develop dynamic models of TKR able to efficiently determine joint and contact mechanics during dynamic loading conditions [1,2]. The objective of this research was to develop and validate an explicit FE model of a TKR which includes tibio-femoral and patello-femoral articulations and surrounding soft tissues. The six degree-of-freedom kinematics, kinetics and polyethylene contact mechanics during dynamic loading conditions were then predicted during gait simulation.

Development of Upper Extremity Finite Element Model for Elderly Female: Validated Against Dynamic Loading Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Hammad ◽  
Anil Kalra ◽  
Prashant Khandelwal ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
King H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Elderly Female

Injuries to the upper extremities that are caused by dynamic impacts in crashes, including contact with internal instrument panels, has been a major concern, especially for smaller female occupants, and the problem worsens with increasing age due to reduced strength of the bones. From the analysis of 1988–2010 CDS unweighted data, it was found that risk of AIS ≥ 2 level for the arm was 58.2±20.6 percent higher in females than males, and the injury risk for a 75-year-old female occupant relative to a 21-year-old subjected to a similar physical insult was 4.2 times higher. Although injuries to upper extremities are typically not fatal, they can have long-term effects on overall quality of life. Therefore, it is important to minimize risks of injuries related to upper extremities, especially for elderly females, who are most at risk. Current anthropomorphic surrogates, like crash-test dummies, cannot be directly used to study injury limits, as these dummies were developed mainly to represent the younger population. The current study is focused on the development of a finite element (FE) model representing the upper extremity of an elderly female. This can be further used to analyze the injury mechanisms and tolerance limits for this vulnerable population. The FE mesh was developed through Computer Tomography (CT) scanned images of an elderly female cadaver, and the data included for validation of the developed model were taken from the experimental studies published in scientific literature, but only the data directly representing elderly females were used. It was found that the developed model could predict fractures in the long bones of elderly female specimens and could be further used for analyzing injury tolerances for this population. Further, it was determined that the developed segmental model could be integrated with the whole body FE model of the elderly female.

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