scholarly journals Ganglionic eminence within the early developing brain visualized by 3D transvaginal ultrasound

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Boitor-Borza ◽  
Tunde Kovacs ◽  
Florin Stamatian
Keyword(s):  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Basal Nuclei ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Golden Standard

Aim: Early diagnosis of cerebral congenital anomalies requires a profound knowledge of the anatomy of the developing human brain. The ganglionic eminences (GE) are crucial structures of the brain, giving rise mostly to the basal nuclei. The aim of this explorative study is to assess the GE within the embryonic and early fetal brain by using 3D transvaginal US. Material and methods: From March 2015 to May 2015, a total of 18 singleton non-malformed embryos and fetuses at 9-13 weeks of gestation were assesed in vivo by transvaginal ultrasound using a Voluson E10, BT 15 scanner (GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria). The 3D sonography was performed routinely as the subjects were scanned. Inter-observer agreement (concordance) was calculated using the Cohen’s kappa statistics. Results: At 9 gestational weeks, no GE was identified. At 10 gestational weeks the GE were identified as mere thickenings in the lateral wall of the cerebral hemispheres, well depicted by 3D transvaginal ultrasound using the HDlive rendering mode and the OmniView® software. Starting with 11 gestational weeks the GE are evident. The results of inter-observer agreement for GE identification were as follows: observed agreement Po=0.94, expected agreement Pe=0.76, kappa coefficient=0.83, which means a very good agreement between the observers. Conclusions: The GE can be clearly visualized by 3D transvaginal sonography, and especially by HDlive rendering mode. This method has become the “golden standard” for in vivo morphological studies of the embryonic and early fetal brain.

scholarly journals Distribution of the subtendons in the midportion of the Achilles tendon revealed in vivo on MRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Szaro ◽  
Walter Cifuentes Ramirez ◽  
Simon Borkmann ◽  
Alexander Bengtsson ◽  
Mateusz Polaczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Plantaris Tendon ◽  
Lateral Head

Abstract The aim of the study was to check if the subtendons of the Achilles tendon can be identified in vivo on MRI in the midportion of the tendon. The relation of the plantaris tendon to the Achilles tendon was also examined. A retrospective study of 200 MRI of ankle joints including the Achilles tendon was conducted. Statistical analysis of the correlation between the possibility of identifying the subtendons and the side, gender, presence of the central soleus tendon and plantaris tendon variation was performed. The inter-observer agreement between two reviewers in their evaluation of the subtendons was assessed using kappa statistics. The subtendon from the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle was identified in 65% (k = 0.63) and was located in the anterior part of the Achilles tendon. The subtendon from the soleus muscle was recognized in 12% (k = 0.75) comprising anterior part of the tendon. In 6% the subtendon from the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle was identified (k = 0.58). The central soleus tendon was identified in 85% of cases. Statistical analysis shows the weak correlation of the presence of the central soleus tendon and the possibility of identifying the subtendon from the soleus muscle. The plantaris tendon was directly related to the insertion of the Achilles tendon in 42.5%. Identification of the subtendons of the Achilles tendon on MRI is challenging, and most often it is only possible to find the subtendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle.

scholarly journals Internal Structures of the Developing Brain Assessed by HDlive Imaging

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Stamatian ◽  
Dan Boitor-Borza ◽  
Tunde Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Choroid Plexuses ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Morphological Research ◽  
The Brain

<p>OBJECTIVES: The aim of this observational descriptive study of morphological research is to assess the nervous structures within the embryonic and early fetal brains not previously documented in literature by HDlive and Silhouette® modes.<br />STUDY DESIGN: A total of 26 subjects were examined in vivo, i.e. 15 embryos and 11 fetuses in the first trimester of pregnancy (7 to 13 gestational weeks (GW)), using a transvaginal ultrasound using a Voluson E10, BT 15 scanner (GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria).<br />RESULTS: The clear visualization of the brain structures by HDlive rendering mode was possible in all 26 selected optimal volumes. The most representative images for each week of gestation are shown. At 7 GW the ultrasound semiology of the brain is simple. The choroid plexuses can be seen in the 4th ventricle at 8 GW and in the lateral ventricles at 9 GW by HDlive mode. At 9 GW the brain is developed enough so that the walls of the cerebral hemispheres, the ventricular system and the rhombic lips could be visualized by HDlive mode. At 10 GW we depicted the ganglionic eminences within the brain by HDlive mode. At 11 GW the thalamus was noticed. At 12 GW and 13 GW, HDlive images of choroid plexus asymmetry and choroid plexuses cysts are shown.<br />CONCLUSION: The HDlive combined with Silhouette® mode can provide almost natural images of the internal structures of the embryonic and early fetal brain. Small-sized nervous structures such as the</p>

scholarly journals Three-dimensional distribution of CT attenuation in the lumbar spine pedicle wall

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Y. Irie ◽  
Tohru Irie ◽  
Alejandro A. Espinoza Orías ◽  
Kazuyuki Segami ◽  
Norimasa Iwasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Ct Attenuation ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pedicle Wall

AbstractThis study investigated in vivo the three-dimensional distribution of CT attenuation in the lumbar spine pedicle wall measured in Hounsfield Unit (HU). Seventy-five volunteers underwent clinical lumbar spine CT scans. Data was analyzed with custom-written software to determine the regional variation in pedicle wall attenuation values. A cylindrical coordinate system oriented along the pedicle’s long axis was used to calculate the pedicular wall attenuation distribution three-dimensionally and the highest attenuation value was identified. The pedicular cross-section was divided into four quadrants: lateral, medial, cranial, and caudal. The mean HU value for each quadrant was calculated for all lumbar spine levels (L1–5). The pedicle wall attenuation was analyzed by gender, age, spinal levels and anatomical quadrant. The mean HU values of the pedicle wall at L1 and L5 were significantly lower than the values between L2–4 in both genders and in both age groups. Furthermore, the medial quadrant showed higher HU values than the lateral quadrant at all levels and the caudal quadrant showed higher HU values at L1–3 and lower HU values at L4–5 than the cranial quadrant. These findings may explain why there is a higher incidence of pedicle screw breach in the pedicle lateral wall.

MODERN ASPECTS OF ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOMETRIOID HETEROTOPIAS OF PELVIC CAVITY ORGANS

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
A. S. Novikova ◽  
I. Yu. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasonography ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Timely Diagnosis ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Choice Of Treatment

Diagnosis of endometrioid heterotopias of the pelvic cavity is often complicated, because at the initial stage there are no characteristic sonographic signs of this pathology. However, transvaginal ultrasound can be used as the main imaging method in the patients with suspected endometriosis. Due to a wide variety of forms and degrees of endometriosis, the similarity of clinical signs of other diseases, frequent asymptomatic course of the disease are objective difficulties in the correct and timely diagnosis of endometrioid heterotopias of the pelvic cavity. Ultrasonography can be used both to detect and to monitor the dynamics of endometriosis. Transvaginal sonography allows a qualitative detection of endometrioid heterotopias of the pelvis and with a high probability to reveal endometrioid cysts, hydrosalpinx, hematosalpinx, peritoneal endometriosis and is considered the best method of visualization of the endometrium. There were examined 57 patients with various forms of endometrioid heterotopias of the pelvic organs by transvaginal ultrasonography, which was performed on the 5th−9th day of the menstrual cycle. Adenomyosis of various degrees has been diagnosed, which should be understood as a disease consisting of ectopic location of endometrial glands and stroma as well as muscle changes. Due to the variety of forms and degrees of endometriosis, combination with clinical signs of other diseases, often asymptomatic course of the disease, which leads to severe damage to the reproductive system, there are objective difficulties in correct and timely diagnosis of endometrioid heterotopias and pelvic cavity organs. Modern visual methods of transvaginal ultrasonography are the key to correctly determining the stage and extent of endometriosis, which will directly affect the choice of treatment. Key words: endometriosis, heterotopia, ultrasound diagnostics, pelvic cavity.

Results of an experimental study of hydrogel drainage containing ranibizumab in antiglaucoma operations

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
I.I. Khusnitdinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Studies

Purpose. Еxperimental substantiation of the effectiveness of biocompatible biodegradable hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and chitosan succinate as a carrier of ranibizumab in antiglaucoma operations. Material and methods. Hydrogel drainage (HD) was obtained immediately before surgery. A solution of ranibizumab (0.23 ml) was mixed with a solution of hyaluronic acid dialdehyde (0.5 ml), then a solution of chitosan succinate (0.5 ml) was added. Experimental studies were performed in 12 (12 eyes) healthy rabbits. The first group consisted of 6 eyes – 0.187 ml of ranibizumab per 1 ml of gel. In the control group, HD was used intraoperatively without the addition of ranibizumab (6 eyes). Morphological studies were performed on 7th, 21st, and 42nd days. Results. In experimental studies in vitro and in vivo, it was proved that ranibizumab, administered as a part of 0.1 ml of hydrogel drainage in the antiglaucoma surgery area is released within 3 weeks and suppresses vascularization, scarring of the operating area, and preserves the intrascleral cavity. The optimal concentration of ranibizumab was selected-0.02 ml in 0.1 ml of gel. Conclusion. The safety and effectiveness of the use of hydrogel drainage with ranibizumab based on hyaluronic acid dialdehyde and chitosan succinate in anti-glaucoma operations has been proven. Key words: experimental research, hydrogel drainage, ranibizumab, glaucoma surgery.

In vivo MRI of the fetal brain

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Girard ◽  
C. Raybaud ◽  
C. Dercole ◽  
L. Boubli ◽  
C. Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Brain

Comparison of implantation and early development of human embryos fertilized in vitro versus in vivo using transvaginal ultrasound.

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pellicer ◽  
C Calatayud ◽  
F Miro ◽  
R M Castellvi ◽  
A Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Human Embryos

Chemical and morphological studies of the acquired pellicle formed subgingivally on dentin in vivo

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhia K. Abbas ◽  
Kjeld Kristian Skjørland ◽  
Per Gjermo ◽  
Torleif Sønju
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Studies

Is multidetector computed tomography comparable to magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of lumbar foraminal stenosis?

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Woo Young Kang ◽  
Joong Mo Ahn ◽  
Joon Woo Lee ◽  
Eugene Lee ◽  
Yun Jung Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Foraminal Stenosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis

Background Both multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for assessment of lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS). Therefore, it is relevant to assess agreement between these imaging modalities. Purpose To determine intermodality, inter-, and intra-observer agreement for assessment of LFS on MDCT and MRI. Material and Methods A total of 120 foramina in 20 patients who visited our institution in January and February 2014 were evaluated by six radiologists with different levels of experience. Radiologists evaluated presence and severity of LFS on sagittal CT and MR images according to a previously published LFS grading system. Intermodality agreement was analyzed by using weighted kappa statistics, while inter- and intra-observer agreement were analyzed by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and kappa statistics. Results Overall intermodality agreement was moderate to good (kappa, 0.478–0.765). In particular, two professors and one fellow tended to overestimate the degree of LFS on CT compared with MRI. For inter-observer agreement of all six observers, ICCs indicated excellent agreement for both CT (0.774) and MRI (0.771), while Fleiss’ kappa values showed moderate agreement for CT (0.482) and MRI (0.575). There was better agreement between professors and fellows compared with residents. For intra-observer agreement, ICCs indicated excellent agreement, while kappa values showed good to excellent agreement for both CT and MRI. Conclusion MDCT was comparable to MRI for diagnosis and assessment of LFS, especially for experienced observers. However, there was a tendency to overestimate the degree of LFS on MDCT compared with MRI.

scholarly journals Reliability and Safety of Contra-Lateral Oblique View for Interlaminar Epidural Needle Placement

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (21;1) ◽  
pp. E65-E73
Author(s):  
Richard Derby
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Space ◽  
Ligamentum Flavum ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Epidural Block ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Epidural Needle ◽  
Oblique View ◽  
Fluoroscopic Imaging

Cord trauma is a risk with a cervical and thoracic interlaminar epidural approach to the epidural space. Intermittent lateral fluoroscopic imaging to detect needle depth is often cumbersome and may be difficult to interpret. In comparison, the contra-lateral oblique (CLO) fluoroscopic view is efficient and easy to interpret. However, the in vivo reliability and safety of this technique has not been formally investigated. The senior author collected fluoroscopic images on 278 consecutive patients undergoing an interlaminar epidural block at the T1-T2 level performed using a 17 gauge Tuohy needle. Before catheter placement, anterior-posterior (AP) and CLO fluoroscopic images were saved with the needle at the ligamentum flavum and the needle just through the ligamentum flavum. We randomly selected the images of 40 cases that included the paired CLO images (total 80 images) documenting the views at and through the ligamentum flavum. Three interventionalists were asked to review, in a blinded fashion, the randomly selected, paired CLO images and to score each image, recording whether the 17 gauge needle was in or out of the epidural space to determine the accuracy and reliability of this technique. There was a 97.5%, 95%, and 93.8% agreement between each reviewing physician and the senior author resulting in a correlation using the Kappa statistic value of 0.950, 0.875, and 0.874, respectively (P < 0.001). The 3 reviewing physicians disagreed with the senior author’s correct answer in 2.5%, 5%, and 6.2%, respectively, however, the disagreement occurred primarily because of poor image quality. Agreement between the 3 reviewing physicians was 93.8%, 96.3%, and 90%, with a Kappa value of 0.875, 0.924, and 0.799, respectively (P < 0.001). There was 100% technical success in the 278 case series without “wet taps,” provocation of pain during entry, or any other immediate post procedural complication. We conclude the CLO view provides an efficient and reliable method to visualize needle tip depth in relation to the epidural space. The close inter-observer agreement was possible with minimal physician instruction. Key words: Cervical interlaminar, cervical epidural, contra-lateral oblique, fluoroscopic imaging

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