Total and spectral radiance measurements of blackbody radiation sources based on an absolute cryogenic radiometer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyong Gan ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
Xiangliang Liu ◽  
Yingwei He ◽  
Houping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blackbody Radiation ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Cryogenic Radiometer ◽  
Radiation Sources

scholarly journals Super-resolution provided by the arbitrarily strong superlinearity of the blackbody radiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Graciani ◽  
François Amblard
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Blackbody Radiation ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Nonlinear Thermal Radiation ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Excitation Beam ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractBlackbody radiation is a fundamental phenomenon in nature, and its explanation by Planck marks a cornerstone in the history of Physics. In this theoretical work, we show that the spectral radiance given by Planck’s law is strongly superlinear with temperature, with an arbitrarily large local exponent for decreasing wavelengths. From that scaling analysis, we propose a new concept of super-resolved detection and imaging: if a focused beam of energy is scanned over an object that absorbs and linearly converts that energy into heat, a highly nonlinear thermal radiation response is generated, and its point spread function can be made arbitrarily smaller than the excitation beam focus. Based on a few practical scenarios, we propose to extend the notion of super-resolution beyond its current niche in microscopy to various kinds of excitation beams, a wide range of spatial scales, and a broader diversity of target objects.

scholarly journals The in-flight blackbody calibration system for the GLORIA interferometer on board an airborne research platform

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3067-3082 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Olschewski ◽  
A. Ebersoldt ◽  
F. Friedl-Vallon ◽  
B. Gutschwager ◽  
J. Hollandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blackbody Radiation ◽  
National Metrology Institute ◽  
Calibration System ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Infrared Radiance ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Blackbody Calibration

Abstract. The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) is a prototype of an imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) for PREMIER, a former candidate mission for ESA's Earth Explorer 7. GLORIA is deployed on board various research aircraft such as the Russian M55 Geophysica or the German HALO. The instrument provides detailed infrared images of the Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) region, which plays a crucial role in the climate system. GLORIA uses a two-dimensional detector array for infrared limb observations in emission and therefore needs large-area blackbody radiation sources (126 mm × 126 mm) for calibration. In order to meet the highly demanding uncertainty requirements for the scientific objectives of the GLORIA missions and due to the sophisticated tomographic evaluation scheme, the spatial distribution of the radiance temperature of the blackbody calibration sources has to be determined with an uncertainty of about 0.1 K. Since GLORIA is exposed to the hostile environment of the UTLS with mutable low temperature and pressure, an in-flight calibration system has to be carefully designed to cope with those adverse circumstances. The GLORIA in-flight calibration system consists of two identical weight-optimised high-precision blackbody radiation sources, which are independently stabilised at two different temperatures. The two point calibration is in the range of the observed atmospheric infrared radiance emissions with 10 K below and 30 K above ambient temperature, respectively. Thermo-Electric Coolers are used to control the temperature of the blackbody radiation sources offering the advantage of avoiding cryogens and mechanical coolers. The design and performance of the GLORIA in-flight calibration system is presented. The blackbody calibration sources have been comprehensively characterised for their spatially (full aperture) and spectrally (7 to 13 μm) resolved radiation properties in terms of radiance temperatures traceable to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), the national metrology institute of Germany.

scholarly journals The in-flight blackbody calibration system for the GLORIA interferometer on board an airborne research platform

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 5529-5575
Author(s):  
F. Olschewski ◽  
A. Ebersoldt ◽  
F. Friedl-Vallon ◽  
B. Gutschwager ◽  
J. Hollandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blackbody Radiation ◽  
National Metrology Institute ◽  
Calibration System ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Infrared Radiance ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Blackbody Calibration

Abstract. The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) is a prototype of an imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) for PREMIER, a candidate mission for ESA's Earth Explorer 7. GLORIA is deployed on board various research aircraft like the Russian M55 Geophysica or the German HALO. The instrument provides detailed infrared images of the Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) region, which plays a crucial role in the climate system. GLORIA uses a two-dimensional detector array for infrared limb observations in emission and therefore needs large-area blackbody radiation sources (126 mm × 126 mm) for calibration. In order to meet the highly demanding uncertainty requirements for the scientific objectives of the GLORIA missions and due to the sophisticated tomographic evaluation scheme, the spatial distribution of the radiance temperature of the blackbody calibration sources has to be determined with an uncertainty of about 0.1 K. Since GLORIA is exposed to the hostile environment of the UTLS with mutable low temperature and pressure, an in-flight calibration system has to be carefully designed to cope with those adverse circumstances. The GLORIA in-flight calibration system consists of two identical weight-optimised high-precision blackbody radiation sources, which are independently stabilized at two different temperatures. The two point calibration is in the range of the observed atmospheric infrared radiance emissions with 10 K below and 30 K above ambient temperature, respectively. Thermo-Electric Coolers are used to control the temperature of the blackbody radiation sources offering the advantage of avoiding cryogens and mechanical coolers. The design and performance of the GLORIA in-flight calibration system is presented. The blackbody calibration sources have been comprehensively characterized for their spatially (full aperture) and spectrally (7 μm to 13 μm) resolved radiation properties in terms of radiance temperatures traceable to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), the national metrology institute of Germany.

Effects of Periodic Structures on the Coherence Properties of Blackbody Radiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 786-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hu ◽  
A. Schmidt ◽  
A. Narayanaswamy ◽  
G. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Periodic Structures ◽  
Blackbody Radiation ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Multilayer Structures ◽  
Wave Optics ◽  
Wave Interference ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Random Structures

Radiative properties have been studied for one-dimensional dielectric multilayer structures subjected to blackbody radiation sources. The total hemispherical transmittances are calculated for periodic structures and structures with random variation in layer thickness, using wave-optics and ray-tracing methods. Simulation results show that for periodic structures, the transmittance calculated using wave optics approaches a nonzero constant value with an increasing number of layers, while the transmittance obtained using the ray-tracing method asymptotically approaches zero. For random structures, the transmittance given by wave optics drops to zero at different rates depending on the order of random variations in layer thickness. It is found that the wave interference effect always plays a role when dealing with multilayer structures. The results are explained based on extended and localized waves.

scholarly journals Realization of the Radiance Scale Using Transfer Function of the Laser-Based Optical System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. Kilin ◽  
H. Tutunculer ◽  
O. Bazkir ◽  
S. Meric
Keyword(s):  
Focal Length ◽  
Laser Wavelength ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Silicon Photodiode ◽  
Yag Lasers ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Low Uncertainty

This work aims to determine the radiance responsivity to be used in the calibration of polychromatic radiation sources with low uncertainty. To realize the radiance, Ar-ion, He-Ne, and Nd-YAG lasers as well as an integrating sphere with a 0.15 m diameter are used to obtain radiation sources having Lambertian distributions. Then, a silicon photodiode-based reflection-type trap detector with calibrated precision aperture, which is traceable to a liquid helium cooled laser-based cryogenic radiometer, is used to measure the photocurrent corresponding to each wavelength and thereby to obtain radiance. The proposed system, which measures the spectral current response of this laser-based radiance, is a double-grating monochromator with a 2 × 300 mm focal length and triple gratings in each of its turrets. First, the radiance of the laser beam that emerged from the integrating sphere is calculated, and then the radiance responsivity of the system is obtained by measuring the photocurrent outputted from the exit slit of the monochromator at each laser wavelength. Finally, the spectral radiance values of the polychromatic lamps are obtained using the radiance responsivity of the system. Consequently, the study aims to develop the derivation and better understand traceability of the other radiometric and photometric quantities with low uncertainty from the fundamental radiometric radiance unit. Measurement results obtained in the expanded measurement uncertainty scale are determined using both classical and Monte Carlo methods.

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