FT-IR signatures of TNT on montmorillonite-clay particles

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Marcela Herrera-Sandoval ◽  
Luz Marina Ballesteros-Rueda ◽  
Nairmen Mina-Camilde ◽  
Miguel E. Castro-Rosario ◽  
Julio G. Briano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Ft Ir

scholarly journals A Green Synthesis of Polylimonene Using Maghnite-H+, an Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay, as Eco-Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hodhaifa Derdar ◽  
Mohammed Belbachir ◽  
Amine Harrane
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Bulk Polymerization ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Optimal Reaction

A new green polymerization technique to synthesis polylimonene (PLM) is carried out in this work. This technique consists of using Maghnite-H+ as eco-catalyst to replace Friedel-Crafts catalysts which are toxics. Maghnite-H+ is a montmorillonite silicate sheet clay which is prepared through a simple exchange process. Polymerization experiments are performed in bulk and in solution using CH2Cl2 as solvent. Effect of reaction time, temperature and amount of catalyst is studied, in order to find the optimal reaction conditions. The polymerization in solution leads to the best yield (48.5%) at -5°C for a reaction time of 6 h but the bulk polymerization, that is performed at 25°C, remains preferred even if the yield is lower (40.3%) in order to respect the principles of a green chemistry which recommend syntheses under mild conditions, without solvents and at room temperature. The structure of the obtained polymer (PLM) is confirmed by FT-IR and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of proton (1H-NMR). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polylimonene is defined using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and is between 113°C and 116°C. The molecular weight of the obtained polymer is determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis and is about 1360 g/mol. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 26th May 2018; Revised: 11st September 2018; Accepted: 22nd September 2018; Available online: 25th January 2019; Published regularly: April 2019How to Cite: Derdar, H., Belbachir, M., Harrane, A. (2019). A Green Synthesis of Polylimonene Using Maghnite-H+, an Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay, as Eco-Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 14 (1): 69-78 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2692.69-78)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2692.69-78 

Flocculation characteristics of organo-modified clay particles in poly(L-lactide) / montmorillonite hybrid systems

e-Polymers ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Hoai Nam ◽  
Atsuhiro Fujimori ◽  
Toru Masuko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract The stacking characteristics of organo-modified montmorillonite particles in poly(L-lactide) / clay hybrids have been investigated through FT-IR measurements and transmission electron microscopy. The clay particles tend to flocculate with hydrogen bonding among the hydroxyl groups of the surfactant, those located at the edge of clay particles, and/or those existing at the ends of polylactide chains.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of organoclay modified with cetylpyridinium chloride

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Banik ◽  
SA Jahan ◽  
S Mostofa ◽  
H Kabir ◽  
N Sharmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Ion Exchange Reaction ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Bentonite has been subjected to modification through ion-exchange reaction by 1-cetylpyridinum chloride. The modified samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The basal spacing of unmodified bentonite, determined by XRD was 14.99 Å and after modification it increased up to 16.97 Å and 16.22 Å at 1CEC and 2CEC. The FT-IR studies revealed structural differences between the modified and unmodified bentonite samples. The IR spectra of the modified bentonite showed the C-C stretching bands (1465 and 1462 cm-1) and C-H vibrations (near 2926 and 2852; 2854 cm-1). Results of the SEM study revealed a tendency towards lump formation and agglomeration of the organomodified clay particles of bentonite. The possibility of the use of new organoclay to adsorb oils from aqueous solution will be explored.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(1), 65-70, 2015

scholarly journals Hybrid Latex Particles: Preparation with Miniemulsion Polymerization

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01035 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bouanani
Keyword(s):  
Miniemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Surfactant Mixture ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant Mixture ◽  
Polymerization Method ◽  
Hybrid Latex

This research developed a novel poly(trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) (PTMS)/montmorillonite nanoparticles, for technologic applications. PTMS /MMT nanoparticles were prepared by the miniemulsion polymerization method. Montmorillonite clay was encapsulated within a fluorinated cyclosiloxane (1,3,5-tris(trifluoropropylmethyl)cyclotrisiloxane) to give stable water based nanocomposite latex, using miniemulsion polymerization technique. The resulting composite latex was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and RX diffraction. The particles stability was investigated by sedimentation and surface tension measurements. An efficient cationic/nonionic surfactant mixture was used in order to achieve the best compatibility with the monomer. TEM and RX data revealed the partial embedding of montmorillonite in the spherical polymer based nanoparticles. According to DLS measurements, the encapsulated clay particles conserve their size throughout the polymerization process. The melt processing of poly(trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) matrix to encapsulate the montmorillonite clay was also carried out for comparison purposes.

Electrokinetic study of the adsorption of ethyl violet and crystal violet by montmorillonite clay particles

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1868-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurier L. Schramm ◽  
Shmuel Yariv ◽  
Dipak K. Ghosh ◽  
Loren G. Hepler
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Ethyl Violet ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Adsorption Phenomena

Electrophoretic mobilities of mixtures of a montmorillonite clay (in different exchangeable metal cation forms) and increasing amounts of two cationic dyes (ethyl violet and crystal violet) were measured. Electrophoretic mobilities were found to vary between −60 × 10−5 and +40 × 10−5 cm2 s−1 V−1. For both the dyes, the degree of saturation at which the isoelectric point (IEP) occurs, decreases with increasing valency of the metal cations. An effort was made to connect the IEP, maximum flocculation, and dye adsorption parameters. An important adsorption parameter is the transition saturation (TS), the saturation beyond which adsorption by organophilic attractions occurs in addition to adsorption by electrical and (or) π-interactions. It was found that maximum flocculation occurs before the IEP for all the exchangeable cations tested, but the IEP is reached at similar saturations to the TS for most of the cations. These results have been interpreted in terms of different types of adsorption phenomena and particle associations. Keywords: clay, adsorption, dye, ion exchange, electrokinetic charge.

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