Self-organization of coupling optical waveguides by the "pulling water" effect of write beam reflections in photo-induced refractive-index increase media

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuzo Yoshimura ◽  
Hiroshi Kaburagi
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Water Effect ◽  
Refractive Index Increase

TEM characterization of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
W. E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Wide Channel ◽  
Tem Characterization

An optical waveguide consists of a several-micron wide channel with a slightly different index of refraction than the host substrate; light can be trapped in the channel by total internal reflection.Optical waveguides can be formed from single-crystal LiNbO3 using the proton exhange technique. In this technique, polished specimens are masked with polycrystal1ine chromium in such a way as to leave 3-13 μm wide channels. These are held in benzoic acid at 249°C for 5 minutes allowing protons to exchange for lithium ions within the channels causing an increase in the refractive index of the channel and creating the waveguide. Unfortunately, optical measurements often reveal a loss in waveguiding ability up to several weeks after exchange.

Refractive Index Profiles of High Dose Ti Implanted Optical Waveguides in LiNbO3

1989 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bremer ◽  
P.R. Ashley ◽  
R. Irmscher ◽  
Ch. Buchal
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Subsequent Processing ◽  
Extraordinary Refractive Index

ABSTRACTSingle crystalline substrates of LiNb03 have been implanted with 48Ti ions at 200 keV and doses up to 4 × 1017 cm−2. The implants have been performed at wafer temperatures of 77 K, 300 K and 620 K. Immediate subsequent processing at 1273 K in wet oxygen ambient led to good epitaxial regrowth at all doses, if sufficient time was allowed. The maximum observed extraordinary refractive index change after regrowth Δne=0.04, indicating a solubility limit of 3.3×l021 Ti cm−3 corresponding to 18 % of Nb5+ replaced by Ti4+.

scholarly journals Low-repetition rate femtosecond laser writing of optical waveguides in KTP crystals: analysis of anisotropic refractive index changes

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 15343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Butt ◽  
Huu-Dat Nguyen ◽  
Airán Ródenas ◽  
Carolina Romero ◽  
Pablo Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Laser Writing ◽  
Index Changes

Design and synthesis of low refractive index polymers for modulation in optical waveguides

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bosc ◽  
A Rousseau ◽  
A Morand ◽  
P Benech ◽  
S Tedjini
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Low Refractive Index

Refractive index increase of acrylate-based polymers by adding soluble aromatic guest-molecules

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Gleißner ◽  
Sebastian Bonaus ◽  
Christof Megnin ◽  
Thomas Hanemann
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
Aromatic Guest ◽  
Refractive Index Increase

Refractive index of salt water: effect of temperature

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal M. Aly ◽  
E. Esmail
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Water Effect

Study of stabilization of self-assembly processes in fullerene C60 solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
U.K. Makhmanov ◽  
A.M. Kokhkharov ◽  
Sh.A. Esanov ◽  
B.A. Aslonov ◽  
B.A. Sindarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Dynamic Light Scattering ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Fullerene C60 ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Xylene Solution

The dynamics of changes in the values of the refractive index of solutions of C60 in xylene at various concentrations has been studied by the refractometric method. It was found that the deviation from the linear form of the dependence of the refractive index on the C60 concentration occurs at a C60 concentration of 1.8 mg/ml. The deviation is associated with the largest number of molecular interactions between C60−C60 and the formation of large nanoclusters on their basis in solution. It was found by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) that the final size of C60 nanoclusters in solution depends on the initial concentration of the solute. A higher initial concentration of C60 leads to the synthesis of nanoclusters with a larger diameter. Using the method of optical spectroscopy, the processes of self-organization of fullerene C60 molecules in a xylene solution in time are studied. The character of stability of synthesized fullerene nanoclusters in solution is discussed. The results obtained are of particular importance for numerous applications of nanotechnology for understanding self-assembly processes and the development of new nanomaterials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document