Free Throw Shooting Technique of Male Wheelchair Basketball Players

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Goosey-Tolfrey ◽  
Daniel Butterworth ◽  
Calvin Morriss
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wheelchair Basketball ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Shooting Technique ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Three-dimensional kinematic data were obtained from 15 male wheelchair basketball players performing a successful free throw. Players were divided into two groups, according to their International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF) classification (Group 1: 2-2.5 point players and Group 2: 4-4.5 point players). The angle of release of the ball was 58 for both groups. Group 2 released the ball from a significantly greater height than Group 1 (1.57 – 0.12m v 1.78 – 0.17m; p < .05). Although nonsignificant, the following trends were found: Group 1 showed greater ball release speeds and generated greater angular velocity of the wrist at release while Group 2 generated greater shoulder flexion angular velocity at release. In conclusion, players from different IWBF classes tend to rely on different kinematic strategies to produce successful release conditions.

A volumetric three-dimensional evaluation of invasiveness of an endoscopic and microscopic approach for transmeatal visualisation of the middle ear

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A H A Baazil ◽  
J G G Dobbe ◽  
E van Spronsen ◽  
F A Ebbens ◽  
F G Dikkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Endoscopic Approach ◽  
Microscopic Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective This study aimed to compare the necessary scutum defect for transmeatal visualisation of middle-ear landmarks between an endoscopic and microscopic approach. Method Human cadaveric heads were used. In group 1, middle-ear landmarks were visualised by endoscope (group 1 endoscopic approach) and subsequently by microscope (group 1 microscopic approach following endoscopy). In group 2, landmarks were visualised solely microscopically (group 2 microscopic approach). The amount of resected bone was evaluated via computed tomography scans. Results In the group 1 endoscopic approach, a median of 6.84 mm3 bone was resected. No statistically significant difference (Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.163, U = 49.000) was found between the group 1 microscopic approach following endoscopy (median 17.84 mm3) and the group 2 microscopic approach (median 20.08 mm3), so these were combined. The difference between the group 1 endoscopic approach and the group 1 microscopic approach following endoscopy plus group 2 microscopic approach (median 18.16 mm3) was statistically significant (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.001, U = 18.000). Conclusion This study showed that endoscopic transmeatal visualisation of middle-ear landmarks preserves more of the bony scutum than a microscopic transmeatal approach.

scholarly journals Three dimensional evaluation of alveolar bone changes in response to different rapid palatal expansion activation rates

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian LaBlonde ◽  
Manuel Lagravere Vich ◽  
Paul Edwards ◽  
Katherine Kula ◽  
Ahmed Ghoneima
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Palatal Expansion ◽  
Rapid Palatal Expansion ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Activation Rates ◽  
Bone Height ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this multi-center retrospective study was to quantify the changes in alveolar bone height and thickness after using two different rapid palatal expansion (RPE) activation protocols, and to determine whether a more rapid rate of expansion is likely to cause more adverse effects, such as alveolar tipping, dental tipping, fenestration and dehiscence of anchorage teeth. Methods: The sample consisted of pre- and post-expansion records from 40 subjects (age 8-15 years) who underwent RPE using a 4-banded Hyrax appliance as part of their orthodontic treatment to correct posterior buccal crossbites. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their RPE activation rates (0.5 mm/day and 0.8 mm/day; n = 20 each group). Three-dimensional images for all included subjects were evaluated using Dolphin Imaging Software 11.7 Premium. Maxillary base width, buccal and palatal cortical bone thickness, alveolar bone height, and root angulation and length were measured. Significance of the changes in the measurements was evaluated using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and comparisons between groups were done using ANOVA. Significance was defined at p ≤ 0.05. Results: RPE activation rates of 0.5 mm per day (Group 1) and 0.8 mm per day (Group 2) caused significant increase in arch width following treatment; however, Group 2 showed greater increases compared to Group 1 (p < 0.01). Buccal alveolar height and width decreased significantly in both groups. Both treatment protocols resulted in significant increases in buccal-lingual angulation of teeth; however, Group 2 showed greater increases compared to Group 1 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Both activation rates are associated with significant increase in intra-arch widths. However, 0.8 mm/day resulted in greater increases. The 0.8 mm/day activation rate also resulted in more increased dental tipping and decreased buccal alveolar bone thickness over 0.5 mm/day.

Teaching of distal radius shortening osteotomy: three-dimensional procedural simulator versus bone procedural simulator

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismaël Naroura ◽  
Juan José Hidalgo Diaz ◽  
Fred Xavier ◽  
Florent Baldairon ◽  
Henri Favreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Model ◽  
Bone Surgery ◽  
Main Assumption ◽  
Shortening Osteotomy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Group 1

In order to facilitate the learning of distal radius shortening osteotomy by junior surgeons, the main assumption was that using a three-dimensional procedural simulator was better than a bone procedural simulator. After viewing a video, ten junior surgeons performed a distal radius shortening osteotomy: five with a bone procedural simulator (Group 1) and five with a three-dimensional procedural simulator (Group 2). All subsequently performed the same surgery on fresh cadaveric bones. The duration of the procedure, shortening of the radius, and the level of osteotomy were significantly better in Group 2. The three-dimensional procedural simulator seems to teach distal radius osteotomy better than a bone model and could be useful in teaching and learning bone surgery of the wrist.

scholarly journals Effect of biomimetic material on stress distribution in mandibular molars restored with inlays: a three-dimensional finite element analysis

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7694
Author(s):  
Junxin Zhu ◽  
Danmei Luo ◽  
Qiguo Rong ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomimetic Materials ◽  
Biomimetic Material ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Lateral Walls ◽  
Cavity Floor ◽  
Group 1

Background Although biomimetic material has become increasingly popular in dental cosmetology nowadays, it remains unclear how it would affect the restored teeth during chewing. It is necessary to study the influence of biomimetic material on stress distribution in the restored teeth. Methods Eight three-dimensional finite element (FE) models were constructed and divided into two groups. Group 1 included the FE model of intact molar, and the FE models of inlay-restored molars fabricated from IPS e.max CAD, Lava Ultimate and biomimetic materials individually. Enamel was considered a homogeneous material. Group 2 included the FE models of intact molar and molars restored with inlays using IPS e.max CAD, Lava Ultimate and biomimetic materials individually, considering enamel as an inhomogeneous material. Results In Group 1, compared with that in the intact molar, the maximum tensile stress (MTS) in the occlusal grooves decreased in the inlay-restored molars fabricated from IPS e.max CAD and was concentrated on the cavity floor at the buccal side in the inner dentin around inlay. When Lava Ultimate was selected, MTS decreased in the occlusal grooves and on the cavity floor but increased in the lateral walls. In the restored molar using biomimetic material, the MTS on the cavity floor was distributed more evenly than that in the molar using IPS e.max CAD, and no obvious changes were noted in the lateral walls. The same changes were observed in Group 2. No differences in the stress distribution pattern were noted among the FE models in Groups 1 and 2. Conclusions Molars restored with inlays fabricated from biomimetic material exhibit a more uniform stress distribution in the dentin around restoration. The consideration of enamel as a homogeneous tissue is acceptable for analyzing the maximum principal stress distribution in the inlay-restored molar.

scholarly journals Use of a Spacer Block Tool for Assessment of Joint Line Position during Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun R. Gungor ◽  
Nusret Ok
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Joint Line ◽  
Contralateral Knee ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThere is a tendency of orthopaedic surgeons to elevate joint line (JL) in revision total knee arthroplasty (RTKA). Here, we ascertain the use of the spacer block tool (SBT) to determine JL more accurately for less experienced RTKA surgeons. To perform more precise restoration of JL, an SBT with markers was developed and produced using computer software and three-dimensional printers. The study was planned prospectively to include patients who received either condylar constrained or rotating hinge RTKA between January 2016 and December 2019. To determine JL, distance from fibular head (FH), adductor tubercle (AT), and medial epicondyle (ME) were measured on contralateral knee preoperative radiographs and on operated knee postoperative radiographs. Patients were randomized and grouped according to the technique of JL reconstruction. In Group 1, conventional methods by evaluating aforementioned landmarks and preoperative contralateral knee measurements were used to determine JL, whereas in Group 2, the SBT was used. The main outcome measure was the JL change in revised knee postoperatively in contrast to contralateral knee to compare effective restoration of JL between the groups. Twenty-five patients in Group 1 (3 males, 22 females, 72 years, body mass index [BMI] 32.04 ± 4.45) and 20 patients (7 males, 13 females, 74 years, BMI 30.12 ± 5.02) in Group 2 were included in the study. JL measurements for the whole group were FH-JL = 18.3 ± 3.8 mm, AT-JL = 45.8 ± 4.6 mm, and ME-JL = 27.1 ± 2.8 mm preoperatively, and FH-JL = 20.7 ± 4.2 mm, AT-JL = 43.4 ± 5.2 mm, and ME-JL = 24.7 ± 3.1 mm postoperatively. JL level differences in reference to FH, AT, and ME in Group 1 were 3.6 ± 3.1, 3.6 ± 3.5, and 3.4 ± 3.1 mm, respectively, and in Group 2 were 1.0 ± .0.9, 1.3 ± 1.3, and 1.1 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in JL changes referenced to all of the specific landmarks (p < 0.05). The use of the SBT helped restore JL effectively in our cohort of RTKA patients. Therefore, this tool may become a useful and inexpensive gadget for less experienced and low-volume RTKA surgeons.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography comparison of shorty and standard Class II Carriere Motion appliance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Wilson ◽  
Nikoleta Konstantoni ◽  
Ki Beom Kim ◽  
Patrick Foley ◽  
Hiroshi Ueno
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Dimensional Cone ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare treatment effects of the standard and shorty Class II Carriere Motion appliances (CMAs) on adolescent patients. Materials and Methods Fifty adolescents with Class II malocclusion formed group 1, who were treated with shorty CMA (n = 25, 12.66 ± 1.05 years), and age- and sex–matched group 2, who were treated with standard CMA (n = 25, 12.73 ± 1.07 years). Treatment effects were analyzed by tracing with Invivo software to compare pretreatment (T1) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images with post-CMA (T2) CBCT images. A total of 23 measurements were compared within and between groups. Results In groups 1 and 2, maxillary first molars showed significant distal movement from T1 to T2 (1.83 ± 2.11 mm and 2.14 ± 1.34 mm, respectively), with distal tipping and rotation in group 1 (6.52° ± 3.99° and 3.15° ± 7.52°, respectively) but only distal tipping (7.03° ± 3.45°) in group 2. Similarly, in both groups, the maxillary first premolars experienced significant distal movement with distal tipping but no significant rotation. In group 1, maxillary canines did not undergo significant distal movement. In both groups 1 and 2, mandibular first molars experienced significant mesial movement (1.85 ± 1.88 mm and 2.44 ± 2.02 mm, respectively). Group 1 showed statistically significantly less reduction in overjet and less canine distal movement with less distal tipping than group 2 (α &lt; .05). Conclusions The shorty CMA achieved Class II correction similarly to the standard CMA, with less change in overjet and distal tipping movement of the maxillary canines.

Kinematic Analysis of Skating Technique of Olympic Skiers in the Women's 30-km Race

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Gregory ◽  
Sean E. Humphreys ◽  
Glenn M. Street
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Weak Side ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
Group 1

The women's 30-km freestyle cross-country race at the 1992 Winter Olympic Games was selected to determine the kinematic differences between more and less successful skiers. Three-dimensional filming techniques were used to capture the movement patterns on level terrain of 8 skiers who placed in the top 50% (Group 1) and 8 skiers who placed in the bottom 50% (Group 2) of the field. The mean cycle velocity for Group 1 was significantly faster (p< .005) than the velocity for Group 2. Significant correlations (p< .05) were found between race velocity and cycle velocity (r= .89) and between cycle length and cycle rate (r= -.82). Group 1 had significantly greater (p< .03) weak-side elbow flexion at pole plant, as well as less (p< .01) weak-side elbow extension and more (p< .05) trunk flexion during poling. The mean cycle velocity differences between Groups 1 and 2 may have been the result of smaller resistive and/or larger propulsive forces.

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