Older Adults Demonstrate Reduced Performance in a Fitts’ Task Involving Cervical Spine Movement

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Passmore ◽  
Jeanmarie Burke ◽  
Jim Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Spine Movement

A discrete aiming head movement task was developed to replicate Fitts’ movement paradigm. Movement time (MT) differences between young (age range 24-29 years, n = 8) and old adults (age range 75-85 years, n = 8) were examined. Cervical spine (CS) range of motion (ROM) was recorded. A head mounted motion capture device was used to evaluate task performance. Three amplitudes and three target widths generated nine indexes of difficulty (IDs). Global ROM was decreased in old adults. The ID and MT relationship was maintained with age; however, old adults were slower, more variable, and more affected by ID. Variations in target size were used as the accuracy variable for both groups. As target size increased, the old population overshot their endpoint. These data support the hypothesis that, besides musculoskeletal slowing with age, there may be age-related deterioration of central processing, planning, or perception mechanisms.

scholarly journals TDCS effects on pointing task learning in young and old adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kaminski ◽  
M. Engelhardt ◽  
M. Hoff ◽  
C. Steele ◽  
A.Villringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Pointing Task

AbstractSkill increase in motor performance can be defined as explicitly measuring task success but also via more implicit measures of movement kinematics. Even though these measures are often related, there is evidence that they represent distinct concepts of learning. In the present study, the effect of multiple tDCS-sessions on both explicit and implicit measures of learning are investigated in a pointing task in 30 young adults (YA) between 27.07 ± 3.8 years and 30 old adults (OA) between 67.97 years ± 5.3 years. We hypothesized, that OA would show slower explicit skill learning indicated by higher movement times/lower accuracy and slower implicit learning indicated by higher spatial variability but profit more from anodal tDCS compared with YA. We found age-related differences in movement time but not in accuracy or spatial variability. TDCS did not skill learning facilitate learning neither in explicit nor implicit parameters. However, contrary to our hypotheses, we found tDCS-associated higher accuracy only in YA but not in spatial variability. Taken together, our data shows limited overlapping of tDCS effects in explicit and implicit skill parameters. Furthermore, it supports the assumption that tDCS is capable of producing a performance-enhancing brain state at least for explicit skill acquisition.

Spinal Manipulation Impacts Cervical Spine Movement and Fitts' Task Performance: A Single-Blind Randomized Before-After Trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Passmore ◽  
Jeanmarie R. Burke ◽  
Christopher Good ◽  
James L. Lyons ◽  
Andrew S. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Spinal Manipulation ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Spine Movement

Age-Related Differences in Motivational Integration and Cognitive Control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Marianne Yee ◽  
Sarah L Adams ◽  
Asad Beck ◽  
Todd Samuel Braver
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance

Motivational incentives play an influential role in value-based decision-making and cognitive control. A compelling hypothesis in the literature suggests that the brain integrates the motivational value of diverse incentives (e.g., motivational integration) into a common currency value signal that influences decision-making and behavior. To investigate whether motivational integration processes change during healthy aging, we tested older (N=44) and younger (N=54) adults in an innovative incentive integration task paradigm that establishes dissociable and additive effects of liquid (e.g., juice, neutral, saltwater) and monetary incentives on cognitive task performance. The results reveal that motivational incentives improve cognitive task performance in both older and younger adults, providing novel evidence demonstrating that age-related cognitive control deficits can be ameliorated with sufficient incentive motivation. Additional analyses revealed clear age-related differences in motivational integration. Younger adult task performance was modulated by both monetary and liquid incentives, whereas monetary reward effects were more gradual in older adults and more strongly impacted by trial-by-trial performance feedback. A surprising discovery was that older adults shifted attention from liquid valence toward monetary reward throughout task performance, but younger adults shifted attention from monetary reward toward integrating both monetary reward and liquid valence by the end of the task, suggesting differential strategic utilization of incentives. Together these data suggest that older adults may have impairments in incentive integration, and employ different motivational strategies to improve cognitive task performance. The findings suggest potential candidate neural mechanisms that may serve as the locus of age-related change, providing targets for future cognitive neuroscience investigations.

Asymmetry in Event-Related Potentials to Simulated Auditory Motion in Children, Young Adults, and Seniors

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jerger ◽  
Rebecca Estes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Velocity Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

We studied auditory evoked responses to the apparent movement of a burst of noise in the horizontal plane. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured in three groups of participants: children in the age range from 9 to 12 years, young adults in the age range from 18 to 34 years, and seniors in the age range from 65 to 80 years. The topographic distribution of grand-averaged ERP activity was substantially greater over the right hemisphere in children and seniors but slightly greater over the left hemisphere in young adults. This finding may be related to age-related differences in the extent to which judgments of sound movement are based on displacement versus velocity information.

Comparison of the Bullard and Macintosh Laryngoscopes for Endotracheal Intubation of Patients with a Potential Cervical Spine Injury 

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. J. Watts ◽  
Adrian W. Gelb ◽  
David B. Bach ◽  
David M. Pelz
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Cervical Spine Injury ◽  
Cricoid Pressure ◽  
Macintosh Laryngoscope ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Neck Extension ◽  
Bullard Laryngoscope ◽  
Spine Movement

Background In the emergency trauma situation, in-line stabilization (ILS) of the cervical spine is used to reduce head and neck extension during laryngoscopy. The Bullard laryngoscope may result in less cervical spine movement than the Macintosh laryngoscope. The aim of this study was to compare cervical spine extension (measured radiographically) and time to intubation with the Bullard and Macintosh laryngoscopes during a simulated emergency with cervical spine precautions taken. Methods Twenty-nine patients requiring general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation were studied. Patients were placed on a rigid board and anesthesia was induced. Laryngoscopy was performed on four occasions: with the Bullard and Macintosh laryngoscopes both with and without manual ILS. Cricoid pressure was applied with ILS. To determine cervical spine extension, radiographs were exposed before and during laryngoscopy. Times to intubation and grade view of the larynx were also compared. Results Cervical spine extension (occiput-C5) was greatest with the Macintosh laryngoscope (25.9 degrees +/- 2.8 degrees). Extension was reduced when using the Macintosh laryngoscope with ILS (12.9 +/- 2.1 degrees) and the Bullard laryngoscope without stabilization (12.6 +/- 1.8 degrees; P < 0.05). Times to intubation were similar for the Macintosh laryngoscope with ILS (20.3 +/- 12.8 s) and for the Bullard without ILS (25.6 +/- 10.4 s). Manual ILS with the Bullard laryngoscope results in further reduction in cervical spine extension (5.6 +/- 1.5 degrees) but prolongs time to intubation (40.3 +/- 19.5 s; P < 0.05). Conclusions Cervical spine extension and time to intubation are similar for the Macintosh laryngoscope with ILS and the Bullard laryngoscope without ILS. However, time to intubation is significantly prolonged when the Bullard laryngoscope is used in a simulated emergency with cervical spine precautions taken. This suggests that the Bullard laryngoscope may be a useful adjunct to intubation of patients with potential cervical spine injury when time to intubation is not critical.

Age Similarities in Complex Memory Search: An Extension of Dual Process Theory

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Brian P. Cooper ◽  
Arthur D. Fisk
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Controlled Processing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Search Training ◽  
Older Adult Population

Understanding age-related similarities and differences in development of cognitive skill is important as it can inform theories of cognitive aging as well as serve the pragmatic value of informing those individuals who are developing age-related interventions for numerous activities of daily living. We investigated both the performance and learning of skilled memory search, a task that has shown age-related similarity in performance if sufficient consistent practice is provided, to determine if training guidelines for this class of processing activities is applicable to both young and old adults. Old and young adults received memory search training, and then the participants were transferred to untrained exemplars of the trained memory set categories. The results suggest that both young and old adults are, at least to some extent, learning at the semantic-category level. This study provides additional evidence that training guidelines derived from an automatic and controlled processing framework can be applied to an older adult population in tasks which have memory search components.

scholarly journals The Positive Legacy of Vision Loss: Pathways to Posttraumatic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
Corinna Tanner ◽  
Michael Caserta ◽  
Jia-Wen Guo ◽  
Margaret Clayton ◽  
Paul Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Severe Vision Loss ◽  
Age Range

Abstract This mixed method study describes posttraumatic growth (PTG) accruing form experience with vision loss caused by severe age related macular degeneration (AMD) and explores relationships between depression, social support, and cognitive processing, on the path to PTG. Research describing the psychological and social issues surrounding AMD has focused on negative outcomes. However, learning from highly challenging experiences, such as vision loss, can offer benefits. In this study, these included an increased sense of personal strength, increased spirituality, and empathy for others (all domains of PTG). 89 participants with severe vision loss (mean age = 85.3 years, age range = 74–98 years) completed the interviewer-administered composite questionnaire, which identified elements of Tedeschi and Calhoun’s model of PTG. Relationships between variables were examined using path analysis. Findings were contextualized with data from 15 qualitative interviews. Findings underscored the importance of supportive others and deliberate cognitive processing in the path to PTG.

Cervical spine movement using the Airway Scope

Anaesthesia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. McClelland ◽  
R. A. McCahon ◽  
A. M. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Airway Scope ◽  
Spine Movement
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