Balance Error Scoring System Reliability and Validity When Performed With Ice Skates

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jason P. Mihalik ◽  
Elizabeth F. Teel ◽  
Robert C. Lynall ◽  
Erin B. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
System Reliability ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Balance Error ◽  
Traditional Manner

In equipment-heavy sports, there is a growing need to evaluate players in the condition in which they participate. However, the psychometric properties of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) while wearing skates remains unknown. Seventy-four adolescent male hockey players completed the BESS with and without skates. A subset was reevaluated at the conclusion of the season. The BESS while wearing skates resulted in a mean of 15 more total errors than the traditional administration (t73 = 14.94, p < .001; ES = 1.95) and demonstrated low test-retest reliability. The BESS should be administered in the traditional manner (without skates).

scholarly journals P124: A new in-skates balance error scoring system for the sideline assessment of concussion in hockey players

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S100-S101
Author(s):  
A. Robert ◽  
M. Moroz ◽  
D. Var ◽  
J. Correa ◽  
S. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Introduction: During a hockey game, athletes who are suspected of having sustained a concussion are removed from the game and evaluated. The modified balance error scoring system (MBESS) assessment, an essential part of the concussion evaluation, is performed in the dressing room, barefoot on a hard surface after equipment removal. While, players that pass the concussion assessment may re-dress and return to play, the equipment removal and re-dressing delays their return into the game. The objective of our study was to develop and evaluate a new in-skates balance error scoring system (SBESS) to reduce the delay in returning to the game. Methods: A prospective randomized single blinded study was conducted with 80 healthy university hockey players split into two groups. An at-rest group performed the SBESS assessment at rest on two separate occasions. A post-exercise group performed the test once at rest and once after exercise. The SBESS consisted of performing 4 different stances for 20 seconds each without equipment removal. The assessments were video recorded, and 3 independent reviewers scored the videos. For both the at-rest and post-exercise groups, the primary outcome measured was the number of balance errors. The secondary outcome was the number of falls. Statistics: For the primary outcome, both inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were calculated. The concordance between the SBESS and the currently used baseline pre-season balance score (MBESS) was also assessed. Results: The number of cumulative balance errors for all four stances varied between 4 and 7 for both groups without any significant exercise effect. No athletes fell. For inter-rater reliability, the intra-class correlation (ICC) was above 0.86, ranging from 0.86-0.92 for most stances except for the easiest stance, for which it was 0.66. For intra-rater reliability, the ICC ranged from 0.88 to 1 for all stances and raters. There was a lack of concordance between the SBESS and MBESS. Conclusion: The SBESS is a reliable balance test that can be safely performed in healthy athletes wearing their full equipment. The next step will be to evaluate the use of this test on concussed hockey athletes

scholarly journals Generalizability Theory Analysis of Balance Error Scoring System Reliability in Healthy Young Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Broglio ◽  
Weimo Zhu ◽  
Kay Sopiarz ◽  
Youngsik Park
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Balance Error ◽  
Overall Reliability

Abstract Context: An assessment of postural control is commonly included in the clinical concussion evaluation. Previous investigators have demonstrated learning effects that may mask concussion-induced balance decrements. Objective: To establish the test-retest reliability of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and to provide recommendations that account for known learning effects. Design: Test-retest generalizability study. Setting: Balance research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Young adults (n  =  48) free from injuries and illnesses known to affect balance. Intervention(s): Each participant completed 5 BESS trials on each of the assessment dates, which were separated by 50 days. Main Outcome Measure(s): Total score of the BESS was used in a generalizability theory analysis to estimate the overall reliability of the BESS and that of each facet. A decision study was completed to estimate the number of days and trials needed to establish clinical reliability. Results: The overall reliability of the BESS was G  =  0.64. The test-retest reliability was improved when male (0.92) and female (0.91) participants were examined independently. Clinically acceptable reliability (greater than 0.80) was established when 3 BESS trials were administered in a single day or 2 trials were administered at different time points. Conclusions: Learning effects have been noted in individuals with no previous exposure to the BESS. Our findings indicate that clinicians should consider interpreting the mean score from 3 BESS administrations on a given occasion for both normative data comparison and pretest and posttest design. The multiple assessment technique yields clinically reliable scores and provides the sports medicine practitioner with accurate data for clinical decision making.

A New In-Skates Balance Error Scoring System for Ice Hockey Players

2019 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Robert ◽  
Mickey Moroz ◽  
Jose A. Correa ◽  
Danny Var ◽  
J. Scott Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Reliability and validity of the balance error scoring system – BESS

Physiotherapy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. e764-e765
Author(s):  
I. Kleffelgård ◽  
B. Langhammer ◽  
M. Sandhaug ◽  
H. Lundgaard Soberg
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Comparing Computer-Derived and Human-Observed Scores for the Balance Error Scoring System

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn B. Caccese ◽  
Thomas W. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Context:The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) is the current standard for assessing postural stability in concussed athletes on the sideline. However, research has questioned the objectivity and validity of the BESS, suggesting that while certain subcategories of the BESS have sufficient reliability to be used in evaluation of postural stability, the total score is not reliable, demonstrating limited interrater and intrarater reliability. Recently, a computerized BESS test was developed to automate scoring.Objective:To compare computerderived BESS scores with those taken from 3 trained human scorers.Design:Interrater reliability study.Setting:Athletic training room.Patients:NCAA Division I student athletes (53 male, 58 female; 19 ± 2 y, 168 ± 41 cm, 69 ± 4 kg).Interventions:Subjects were asked to perform the BESS while standing on the Tekscan (Boston, MA) MobileMat® BESS. The MobileMat BESS software displayed an error score at the end of each trial. Simultaneously, errors were recorded by 3 separate examiners. Errors were counted using the standard BESS scoring criteria.Main Outcome Measures:The number of BESS errors was computed for the 6 stances from the software and each of the 3 human scorers. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to compare errors for each stance scored by the MobileMat BESS software with each of 3 raters individually. The ICC values were converted to Fisher Z scores, averaged, and converted back into ICC values.Results:The double-leg, single-leg, and tandem-firm stances resulted in good agreement with human scorers (ICC = .999, .731, and .648). All foam stances resulted in fair agreement.Conclusions:Our results suggest that the MobileMat BESS is suitable for identifying BESS errors involving each of the 6 stances of the BESS protocol. Because the MobileMat BESS scores consistently and reliably, this system can be used with confidence by clinicians as an effective alternative to scoring the BESS.

The Relationship Between Physical Literacy Measures of Balance and the Balance Error Scoring System in Youth Sports Participants

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 270-276
Author(s):  
Hayley J. Root ◽  
Tamara C. Valovich McLeod ◽  
Eleanor Beltz ◽  
Julie Burland ◽  
Lindsay J. DiStefano
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Physical Literacy ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Balance Error

scholarly journals Baseline profiles of auditory, vestibular, and visual functions in youth tackle football players

Concussion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. CNC66
Author(s):  
Travis White-Schwoch ◽  
Jennifer Krizman ◽  
Kristi McCracken ◽  
Jamie K Burgess ◽  
Elaine C Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Concussion Management ◽  
Tackle Football ◽  
Balance Error Scoring System ◽  
Balance Error

Aim: Neurosensory tests have emerged as components of sport-related concussion management. Limited normative data are available in healthy, nonconcussed youth athletes. Patients & methods/results: In 2017 and 2018, we tested 108 youth tackle football players immediately before their seasons on the frequency-following response, Balance Error Scoring System, and King-Devick test. We compared results with published data in older and/or and nonathlete populations. Performance on all tests improved with age. Frequency-following response and Balance Error Scoring System results aligned with socioeconomic status. Performance was not correlated across neurosensory domains. Conclusion: Baseline neurosensory functions in seven 14-year-old male tackle football players are consistent with previously published data. Results reinforce the need for individual baselines or demographic-specific norms and the use of multiple neurosensory measures in sport-related concussion management.

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