Effect of Caffeine Intake on Pain Perception During High-Intensity Exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Astorino ◽  
Michael N. Terzi ◽  
Daniel W. Roberson ◽  
Timothy R. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Leg Muscle

Caffeine has been shown to reduce leg-muscle pain during submaximal cycle ergometry, as well as in response to eccentric exercise. However, less is known about its analgesic properties during non-steadystate, high-intensity exercise. The primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of 2 doses of caffeine on leg pain and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise. Fifteen active men (age 26.4 ± 3.9 yr) completed 2 bouts of 40 repetitions of “all-out” knee extension and flexion of the dominant leg at a contraction velocity equal to 180°/s. Before each trial, subjects abstained from caffeine intake and intense exercise for 48 hr. Over 3 days separated by 48 hr, subjects ingested 1 of 3 treatments (5 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg of anhydrous caffeine or placebo) in a randomized, single-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design. Leg-muscle pain and RPE were assessed during and after exercise using established categorical scales. Across all treatments, pain perception was significantly increased (p < .05) during exercise, as well as from Bout 1 to 2, yet there was no effect (p > .05) of caffeine on pain perception or RPE. Various measures of muscle function were improved (p < .05) with a 5-mg/kg caffeine dose vs. the other treatments. In the 5-mg/kg trial, it is plausible that subjects were able to perform better with similar levels of pain perception and exertion.

scholarly journals Muscle pain perception and sympathetic nerve activity to exercise during opioid modulation

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. R1565-R1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dane B. Cook ◽  
Patrick J. O'Connor ◽  
Chester A. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Forearm Muscle

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of the endogenous opioid system on forearm muscle pain and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) during dynamic fatiguing exercise. Twelve college-age men (24 ± 4 yr) performed graded (1-min stages; 30 contractions/min) handgrip to fatigue 1 h after the ingestion of either 60 mg codeine, 50 mg naltrexone, or placebo. Pain (0–10 scale) and exertion (0–10 and 6–20 scales) intensities were measured during the last 15 s of each minute of exercise and every 15 s during recovery. MSNA was measured continuously from the peroneal nerve in the left leg. Pain threshold occurred earlier [1.8 ± 1, 2.2 ± 1, 2.2 ± 1 J: codeine, naltrexone, and placebo, respectively] and was associated with a lower rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (2.7 ± 2, 3.6 ± 2, 3.8 ± 2: codeine, naltrexone, and placebo, respectively) in the codeine condition compared with either the naltrexone or placebo conditions. There were no main effects (i.e., drugs) or interaction (i.e., drugs × time) for either forearm muscle pain or RPE during exercise [pain: F (2, 22) = 0.69, P = 0.51]. There was no effect of drug on MSNA, heart rate, or blood pressure during baseline, exercise, or recovery. Peak exercise MSNA responses were 21 ± 1, 21 ± 2.0, and 21 ± 2.0 bursts/30 s for codeine, naltrexone, and placebo conditions, respectively. Peak mean arterial pressure responses were 135 ± 4, 131 ± 3, and 132 ± 4 mmHg for codeine, naltrexone, and placebo conditions, respectively. It is concluded that neither 60 mg codeine nor 50 mg naltrexone has an effect on forearm muscle pain, exertion, or MSNA during high- intensity handgrip to fatigue.

Predicting time to exhaustion during high-intensity exercise using rating of perceived exertion

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. e155-e161
Author(s):  
N.M. Okuno ◽  
L.F. Soares-Caldeira ◽  
V.F. Milanez ◽  
L.A.B. Perandini
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion

scholarly journals Effect of Acute and Chronic Oral l-Carnitine Supplementation on Exercise Performance Based on the Exercise Intensity: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4359
Author(s):  
Juan Mielgo-Ayuso ◽  
Laura Pietrantonio ◽  
Aitor Viribay ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Jerónimo González-Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Performance Variables

l-Carnitine (l-C) and any of its forms (glycine-propionyl l-Carnitine (GPL-C) or l-Carnitine l-tartrate (l-CLT)) has been frequently recommended as a supplement to improve sports performance due to, among others, its role in fat metabolism and in maintaining the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio. The main aim of the present systematic review was to determine the effects of oral l-C supplementation on moderate- (50–79% V˙O2 max) and high-intensity (≥80% V˙O2 max) exercise performance and to show the effective doses and ideal timing of its intake. A structured search was performed according to the PRISMA® statement and the PICOS guidelines in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases, including selected data obtained up to 24 October 2021. The search included studies where l-C or glycine-propionyl l-Carnitine (GPL-C) supplementation was compared with a placebo in an identical situation and tested its effects on high and/or low–moderate performance. The trials that used the supplementation of l-C together with additional supplements were eliminated. There were no applied filters on physical fitness level, race, or age of the participants. The methodological quality of studies was evaluated by the McMaster Critical Review Form. Of the 220 articles obtained, 11 were finally included in this systematic review. Six studies used l-C, while three studies used l-CLT, and two others combined the molecule propionyl l-Carnitine (PL-C) with GPL-C. Five studies analyzed chronic supplementation (4–24 weeks) and six studies used an acute administration (<7 days). The administration doses in this chronic supplementation varied from 1 to 3 g/day; in acute supplementation, oral l-C supplementation doses ranged from 3 to 4 g. On the one hand, the effects of oral l-C supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance variables were analyzed in nine studies. Four of them measured the effects of chronic supplementation (lower rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after 30 min at 80% V˙O2 max on cycle ergometer and higher work capacity in “all-out” tests, peak power in a Wingate test, and the number of repetitions and volume lifted in leg press exercises), and five studies analyzed the effects of acute supplementation (lower RPE after graded exercise test on the treadmill until exhaustion and higher peak and average power in the Wingate cycle ergometer test). On the other hand, the effects of l-C supplementation on moderate exercise performance variables were observed in six studies. Out of those, three measured the effect of an acute supplementation, and three described the effect of a chronic supplementation, but no significant improvements on performance were found. In summary, l-C supplementation with 3 to 4 g ingested between 60 and 90 min before testing or 2 to 2.72 g/day for 9 to 24 weeks improved high-intensity exercise performance. However, chronic or acute l-C or GPL-C supplementation did not present improvements on moderate exercise performance.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate mouth rinse reduces rating of perceived exertion but does not affect performance and energy systems contribution during a high-intensity exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor José Bastos-Silva ◽  
Gustavo Gomes de Araujo ◽  
Sérgio Victor dos Santos Franco ◽  
Alan de Albuquerque Melo ◽  
Sara Kely Learsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mouth Rinse

Effect of Viewing the RPE Scale on the Ability to Make Ratings of Perceived Exertion

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Abadie
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion

7 subjects exercised while viewing and not viewing the Rating of Perceived Exertion scale during exercise to assess whether ratings of perceived exertion are influenced by viewing the scale itself. Analysis suggested that monitoring moderate to high intensity exercise without viewing the RPE scale may result in an underestimation of exertion.

scholarly journals Physiological Acute Response to High-Intensity Intermittent and Moderate-Intensity Continuous 5 km Running Performance: Implications for Training Prescription

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cabral-Santos ◽  
José Gerosa-Neto ◽  
Daniela S. Inoue ◽  
Fabrício E. Rossi ◽  
Jason M. Cholewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Post Exercise

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses to moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity intermittent exercise. Twelve physically active male subjects were recruited and completed a 5-km run on a treadmill in two experimental sessions in randomized order: continuously (70% sVO2max) and intermittently (1:1 min at sVO2max). Oxygen uptake, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, lactate concentration, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion data were recorded during and after each session. The lactate levels exhibited higher values immediately post-exercise than at rest (High-Intensity: 1.43 ± 0.25 to 7.36 ± 2.78; Moderate-Intensity: 1.64 ± 1.01 to 4.05 ± 1.52 mmol⋅L−1, p = 0.0004), but High-Intensity promoted higher values (p = 0.001) than Moderate-Intensity. There was a difference across time on oxygen uptake at all moments tested in both groups (High-Intensity: 100.19 ± 8.15L; Moderate-Intensity: 88.35 ± 11.46, p < 0.001). Both exercise conditions promoted increases in excess postexercise oxygen consumption (High-Intensity: 6.61 ± 1.85 L; Moderate-Intensity: 5.32 ± 2.39 L, p < 0.005), but higher values were observed in the High-Intensity exercise protocol. High-Intensity was more effective at modifying the heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (High-Intensity: 183 ± 12.54 and 19; Moderate-Intensity: 172 ± 8.5 and 16, respectively, p < 0.05). In conclusion, over the same distance, Moderate-Intensity and High-Intensity exercise exhibited different lactate concentrations, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. As expected, the metabolic contribution also differed, and High-Intensity induced higher energy expenditure, however, the total duration of the session may have to be taken into account. Moreover, when following moderate-intensity training, the percentage of sVO2max and the anaerobic threshold might influence exercise and training responses.

Regulating Oxygen Uptake during High-Intensity Exercise Using Heart Rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1751-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER W. HERMAN ◽  
PAUL R. NAGELKIRK ◽  
JAMES M. PIVARNIK ◽  
CHRISTOPHER J. WOMACK
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion

scholarly journals Effects of pre-exercise acupuncture stimulation on heart rate response during short-duration exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehiro Nakahara ◽  
Shin-ya Ueda ◽  
Eriko Kawai ◽  
Rui Higashiura ◽  
Tadayoshi Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Manual Acupuncture ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Acupuncture Stimulation

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of bradycardia induced by pre-exercise acupuncture on heart rate responses during short-duration exercise. Methods A total of 29 healthy subjects underwent two protocols: protocol 1 assessed the effects of manual acupuncture on heart rate response during rest, and protocol 2 tested the hypothesis that the bradycardic effects induced by pre-exercise acupuncture continue during low- and high-intensity exercise. Their average age, height, weight, and body mass index were 21.2 ± 2.0 years, 167.2 ± 8.8 cm, 63.8 ± 12.8 kg, and 22.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2, respectively. In acupuncture stimulations for protocols 1 and 2, an acupuncture needle was inserted into the lower leg and manual acupuncture stimulation was performed at 1 Hz. Results In protocol 1 (resting condition), acupuncture stimulation induced a bradycardic response, which continued for 4 min after the cessation of acupuncture stimulation (p < 0.05). In protocol 2, the bradycardic response induced by pre-exercise acupuncture stimulation remained during low-intensity exercise and in the beginning of high-intensity exercise performed immediately after the cessation of acupuncture stimulation (p < 0.05). However, the effects disappeared when post-acupuncture exercise was performed when the heart rate was approximately 140 beats/min during high-intensity exercise. The rating of perceived exertion after exercise differed significantly between the acupuncture stimulation task (7.9 ± 1.6) and no-stimulation task (8.5 ± 2.0) (p = 0.03) only in the low intensity group. Conclusion This study may provide new insights into the effect of acupuncture stimulation on psycho-physiological conditions during exercise.

Low carbohydrate diet affects the oxygen uptake on-kinetics and rating of perceived exertion in high intensity exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano E. Lima-Silva ◽  
FláVio O. Pires ◽  
Rômulo C. M. Bertuzzi ◽  
Fábio S. Lira ◽  
Dulce Casarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Effect of Caffeine on Leg-Muscle Pain during Intense Cycling Exercise: Possible Role of Anxiety Sensitivity

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael C. Gliottoni ◽  
Robert W. Motl
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
College Age ◽  
Peak Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Leg Muscle

This experiment examined the effect of a moderate dose of caffeine on perceptions of leg-muscle pain during a bout of high-intensity cycling exercise and the role of anxiety sensitivity in the hypoalgesic effect of caffeine on muscle pain during exercise. Sixteen college-age women ingested caffeine (5 mg/kg body weight) or a placebo and 1 hr later completed 30 min of cycling on an ergometer at 80% of peak aerobic capacity. The conditions were completed in a counterbalanced order, and perceptions of leg-muscle pain were recorded during the bouts of exercise. Caffeine resulted in a large reduction in leg-muscle pain-intensity ratings compared with placebo (d = −0.95), and the reduction in leg-muscle pain-intensity ratings was larger in those with lower anxiety-sensitivity scores than those with higher anxiety-sensitivity scores (d = −1.28 based on a difference in difference scores). The results support that caffeine ingestion has a large effect on reducing leg-muscle pain during high-intensity exercise, and the effect is moderated by anxiety sensitivity.

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