The Effects of Postexercise Feeding on Saliva Antimicrobial Proteins

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a carbohydrate (CHO) and protein (PRO) drink consumed immediately after endurance exercise on saliva antimicrobial proteins known to be important for host defense. Eleven male runners ran for 2 hr at 75% VO2max on 2 occasions and immediately postexercise were provided, in randomized order, either a placebo solution (CON) or a CHO-PRO solution containing 1.2 g CHO/kg body mass (BM) and 0.4 g PRO/kg BM (CHO-PRO). The solutions were flavor and volume equivalent (12 ml/kg BM). Saliva flow rate, lysozyme, α-amylase, and secretory (S) IgA concentrations were determined from unstimulated saliva samples collected preexercise, immediately postexercise, and every 30 min until 180 min postexercise. CHO-PRO ingestion immediately postexercise resulted in a lower saliva flow rate than with CON at 30 and 60 min postexercise. Saliva lysozyme concentration increased immediately postexercise in both trials compared with preexercise (p< .05), and CHO-PRO ingestion immediately postexercise resulted in a higher saliva lysozyme concentration in the first hour of recovery than with CON (125% greater at 30 min, 94% greater at 60 min; p< .01). Saliva SIgA concentration decreased below preexercise concentrations 90–150 min postexercise (p< .001), with no effect of CHO-PRO. Saliva α-amylase activity was unaffected by exercise or CHO-PRO refeeding. CHO-PRO refeeding did not alter the secretion rates of any saliva variables during recovery. In conclusion, immediate refeeding with CHO-PRO evoked a greater saliva lysozyme concentration during the first hour of recovery after prolonged exercise than ingestion of placebo but had minimal impact on saliva α-amylase and SIgA responses.

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The effects of carbohydrate supplementation during repeated bouts of prolonged exercise on saliva flow rate and immunoglobulin A

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640410400022151 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 713-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tzai-Li Li ◽

Michael Gleeson

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Prolonged Exercise ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽

Saliva Flow Rate ◽

Saliva Flow

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Saliva flow rate, amylase activity, and protein and electrolyte concentrations in saliva after acute alcohol consumption

Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology ◽

10.1067/moe.2001.116814 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 292-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Nina Enberg ◽

Hannu Alho ◽

Vuokko Loimaranta ◽

Marianne Lenander-Lumikari

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Saliva Flow Rate ◽

Saliva Flow

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Effects of radiation and α-tocopherol on saliva flow rate, amylase activity, total protein and electrolyte levels in oral cavity cancer

Indian Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.4103/0970-9290.42953 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 213 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

S Chitra ◽

CS Shyamala Devi

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Total Protein ◽

Oral Cavity Cancer ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Saliva Flow Rate ◽

Effects Of Radiation ◽

Saliva Flow

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Dehydration decreases saliva antimicrobial proteins important for mucosal immunity

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h2012-054 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 850-859 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Matthew B. Fortes ◽

Bethany C. Diment ◽

Umberto Di Felice ◽

Neil P. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Plasma Osmolality ◽

Host Defence ◽

Secretory Iga ◽

Urine Specific Gravity ◽

Fluid Restriction ◽

Antimicrobial Proteins ◽

Unstimulated Saliva ◽

Lysozyme Concentration ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Secretion Rates

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of exercise-induced dehydration and subsequent overnight fluid restriction on saliva antimicrobial proteins important for host defence (secretory IgA (SIgA), α-amylase, and lysozyme). On two randomized occasions, 13 participants exercised in the heat, either without fluid intake to evoke progressive body mass losses (BML) of 1%, 2%, and 3% with subsequent overnight fluid restriction until 0800 h in the following morning (DEH) or with fluids to offset losses (CON). Participants in the DEH trial rehydrated from 0800 h until 1100 h on day 2. BML, plasma osmolality (Posm), and urine specific gravity (USG) were assessed as hydration indices. Unstimulated saliva samples were assessed for flow rate (SFR), SIgA, α-amylase, and lysozyme concentrations. Posm and USG increased during dehydration and remained elevated after overnight fluid restriction (BML = 3.5% ± 0.3%, Posm = 297 ± 6 mosmol·kg–1, and USG = 1.026 ± 0.002; P < 0.001). Dehydration decreased SFR (67% at 3% BML, 70% at 0800 h; P < 0.01) and increased SIgA concentration, with no effect on SIgA secretion rate. SFR and SIgA responses remained unchanged in the CON trial. Dehydration did not affect α-amylase or lysozyme concentration but decreased secretion rates of α-amylase (44% at 3% BML, 78% at 0800 h; P < 0.01) and lysozyme (46% at 3% BML, 61% at 0800 h; P < 0.01), which were lower than in CON at these time points (P < 0.05). Rehydration returned all saliva variables to baseline. In conclusion, modest dehydration (~3% BML) decreased SFR, α-amylase, and lysozyme secretion rates. Whether the observed magnitude of decrease in saliva AMPs during dehydration compromises host defence remains to be shown.

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The Effects of an Integrated Supportive Programme on Xerostomia and Salivary Characteristics in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy: a Randomized Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-308253/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nan Jiang ◽

Yue Zhao ◽

Malin Stensson ◽

Jan Mårtensson

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Usual Care ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Face To Face ◽

Saliva Flow Rate ◽

Unstimulated Saliva ◽

Saliva Flow

Abstract Aim: This study evaluates the effect of an integrated supportive programme on xerostomia and saliva characteristics at a one-year follow-up of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing radiotherapy (RT).Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group (n=47) or a control group (n=45). The intervention group received usual care and an integrated supportive programme, which included three steps: face-to-face education; face-to-face coaching at one-month post RT; and four telephone coaching sessions at 2-, 3-, 6-, and 9-months post RT. The face-to-face education consisted of oral hygiene instruction, oral self-care strategies, facial and tongue muscle exercises, and salivary gland massage. Adherence to the intervention was evaluated using a questionnaire completed during the nine-month follow-up. The control group received usual care. The unstimulated saliva flow rate, saliva pH, buffering capacity, and xerostomia were assessed in both groups.Results: A total of 79 participants (40 in the intervention group and 39 in the control group) completed the 12-month follow-up. There were statistically significant differences between the groups in level of xerostomia at the 3- and 12-month follow-up (P=0.027 and P<0.001, respectively) and in the mean value of unstimulated saliva flow rate at the 12-month follow-up (P=0.035), with better outcome in the intervention group. The adherence of the intervention was good but decreased slightly during the follow-up. Conclusion: This integrated supportive programme with good adherence relieved xerostomia and had a positive effect on unstimulated saliva flow rate among patients with HNC during the 12-month follow-up.

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