Training for Performance: Insights From Molecular Biology

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon G. Coffey ◽  
John A. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Training Adaptation

In this commentary the authors discuss the molecular basis of the training adaptation and review the role of several key signaling proteins important in the adaptation to endurance and resistance training.

scholarly journals New insights into the role of the GABAA–benzodiazepine receptor in psychiatric disorder

2001 ◽  
Vol 179 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Nutt ◽  
Andrea L. Malizia
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Substantial Growth ◽  
Disease States

BackgroundIn the 40 years since the first benzodiazepine was brought into clinical use there has been a substantial growth in understanding the molecular basis of action of these drugs and the role of their receptors in disease states.AimsTo present current knowledge about the role of the GABAA–benzodiazepine receptor in anxiety disorders, new insights into the molecular biology of the receptor complex and neuroimaging studies suggesting involvement of these receptors in disease states.MethodAn overview of published literature, including some recent data.ResultsThe molecular biology of this receptor is detailed. Molecular genetic studies suggesting involvement of the GABAA–benzodiazepine receptor in animal behaviour and learning are outlined; possible parallels with human psychopathology are discussed.ConclusionsCurrent insights into the role of the GABAA–benzodiazepine receptor in the action of benzodiazepines and as a factor in disease states, in both animals and humans, may lead to new, more sophisticated interventions at this receptor complex and potentially significant therapeutic gains.

scholarly journals Does the Interaction between Local and Systemic Inflammation Provide a Link from Psychology and Lifestyle to Tissue Health in Musculoskeletal Conditions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7299
Author(s):  
David M. Klyne ◽  
Mary F. Barbe ◽  
Greg James ◽  
Paul W. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽  
Tissue Biology ◽  
Mind And Body

Musculoskeletal conditions are known to involve biological, psychological, social and, often, lifestyle elements. However, these domains are generally considered in isolation from each other. This siloed approach is unlikely to be adequate to understand the complexity of these conditions and likely explains a major component of the disappointing effects of treatment. This paper presents a hypothesis that aims to provide a foundation to understand the interaction and integration between these domains. We propose a hypothesis that provides a plausible link between psychology and lifestyle factors with tissue level effects (such as connective tissue dysregulation/accumulation) in musculoskeletal conditions that is founded on understanding the molecular basis for interaction between systemic and local inflammation. The hypothesis provides plausible and testable links between mind and body, for which empirical evidence can be found for many aspects. We present this hypothesis from the perspective of connective tissue biology and pathology (fibrosis), the role of inflammation locally (tissue level), and how this inflammation is shaped by systemic inflammation through bidirectional pathways, and various psychological and lifestyle factors via their influence on systemic inflammation. This hypothesis provides a foundation for new consideration of the development and refinement of personalized multidimensional treatments for individuals with musculoskeletal conditions.

Are We Exploring the Potential Role of Specialized Techniques in Muscle Hypertrophy?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witalo Kassiano ◽  
Bruna Daniella de Vasconcelos Costa ◽  
João Pedro Nunes ◽  
Andreo Fernando Aguiar ◽  
Belmiro F. de Salles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Training Techniques ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Traditional Resistance Training ◽  
Intervening Variables

AbstractSpecialized resistance training techniques (e.g., drop-set, rest-pause) are commonly used by well-trained subjects for maximizing muscle hypertrophy. Most of these techniques were designed to allow a greater training volume (i.e., total repetitions×load), due to the supposition that it elicits greater muscle mass gains. However, many studies that compared the traditional resistance training configuration with specialized techniques seek to equalize the volume between groups, making it difficult to determine the inherent hypertrophic potential of these advanced strategies, as well as, this equalization restricts part of the practical extrapolation on these findings. In this scenario, the objectives of this manuscript were 1) to present the nuance of the evidence that deals with the effectiveness of these specialized resistance training techniques and — primarily — to 2) propose possible ways to explore the hypertrophic potential of such strategies with greater ecological validity without losing the methodological rigor of controlling possible intervening variables; and thus, contributing to increasing the applicability of the findings and improving the effectiveness of hypertrophy-oriented resistance training programs.

scholarly journals From Capsids to Complexes: Expanding the Role of TRIM5α in the Restriction of Divergent RNA Viruses and Elements

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Rose ◽  
Stephanie J. Spada ◽  
Rebecca Broeckel ◽  
Kristin L. McNally ◽  
Vanessa M. Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Hiv 1

An evolutionary arms race has been ongoing between retroviruses and their primate hosts for millions of years. Within the last century, a zoonotic transmission introduced the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1), a retrovirus, to the human population that has claimed the lives of millions of individuals and is still infecting over a million people every year. To counteract retroviruses such as this, primates including humans have evolved an innate immune sensor for the retroviral capsid lattice known as TRIM5α. Although the molecular basis for its ability to restrict retroviruses is debated, it is currently accepted that TRIM5α forms higher-order assemblies around the incoming retroviral capsid that are not only disruptive for the virus lifecycle, but also trigger the activation of an antiviral state. More recently, it was discovered that TRIM5α restriction is broader than previously thought because it restricts not only the human retroelement LINE-1, but also the tick-borne flaviviruses, an emergent group of RNA viruses that have vastly different strategies for replication compared to retroviruses. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms of TRIM5α-mediated restriction of retroelements and flaviviruses and how they differ from the more widely known ability of TRIM5α to restrict retroviruses.

On the molecular basis of pyruvate kinase deficiency II. Role of thiol groups in pyruvate kinase from pyruvate kinase-deficient patients

1974 ◽  
Vol 334 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th.J.C. Van Berkel ◽  
G.E.J. Staal ◽  
J.F. Koster ◽  
J.G. Nyessen ◽  
L. van Milligen-Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

Molecular Basis for Nucleotide-binding Specificity: Role of the Exocyclic Amino Group “N2” in Recognition by a Guanylyl-ribonuclease

2006 ◽  
Vol 355 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta L. Schrift ◽  
Travis T. Waldron ◽  
Mitchell A. Timmons ◽  
S. Ramaswamy ◽  
William R. Kearney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Nucleotide Binding ◽  
Amino Group

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Passive Stress Relaxation in Human Soleus Fibers: Assessment of the Role of Immunoglobulin-Like Domain Unfolding

2003 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 3142-3153 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Trombitás ◽  
Y. Wu ◽  
M. McNabb ◽  
M. Greaser ◽  
M.S.Z. Kellermayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Passive Stress
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document