scholarly journals Seasonal Training-Load Quantification in Elite English Premier League Soccer Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Malone ◽  
Rocco Di Michele ◽  
Ryland Morgans ◽  
Darren Burgess ◽  
James P. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
English Premier League

Purpose:To quantify the seasonal training load completed by professional soccer players of the English Premier League.Methods:Thirty players were sampled (using GPS, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion [RPE]) during the daily training sessions of the 2011–12 preseason and in-season period. Preseason data were analyzed across 6 × 1-wk microcycles. In-season data were analyzed across 6 × 6-wk mesocycle blocks and 3 × 1-wk microcycles at start, midpoint, and end-time points. Data were also analyzed with respect to number of days before a match.Results:Typical daily training load (ie, total distance, high-speed distance, percent maximal heart rate [%HRmax], RPE load) did not differ during each week of the preseason phase. However, daily total distance covered was 1304 (95% CI 434–2174) m greater in the 1st mesocycle than in the 6th. %HRmax values were also greater (3.3%, 1.3−5.4%) in the 3rd mesocycle than in the first. Furthermore, training load was lower on the day before match (MD-1) than 2 (MD-2) to 5 (MD-5) d before a match, although no difference was apparent between these latter time points.Conclusions:The authors provide the 1st report of seasonal training load in elite soccer players and observed that periodization of training load was typically confined to MD-1 (regardless of mesocycle), whereas no differences were apparent during MD-2 to MD-5. Future studies should evaluate whether this loading and periodization are facilitative of optimal training adaptations and match-day performance.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability Relates with Competition Performance in Professional Soccer Players

Hearts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Michele Malagù ◽  
Francesco Vitali ◽  
Ugo Rizzo ◽  
Alessandro Brieda ◽  
Ottavio Zucchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is widely used in professional soccer players as a tool to assess individual response to training load. Different devices and methods are available for HRV assessment. The relationship between HRV and competitive soccer matches performance is not documented. Methods: We monitored HRV in professional soccer players throughout a game season. Measurements were performed with a portable lightweight device in weekly 5 min sessions from which we obtained the value of the square root of the mean squared differences of successive beat-to-beat intervals (rMSSD). Game parameters of run and velocity were collected. Results: Twenty-seven players were monitored with a total of 121 observations. The rMSSD significantly related with the total distance covered (p = 0.036) and with the distance covered running at >15 km/h (p = 0.039) during soccer games. Conclusions: HRV was associated with competition performance in professional soccer players.

scholarly journals Quantifying Accelerations and Decelerations in Elite Women Soccer Players during Regular In-Season Training as an Index of Training Load

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Tom Douchet ◽  
Allex Humbertclaude ◽  
Carole Cometti ◽  
Christos Paizis ◽  
Nicolas Babault
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Soccer Training ◽  
Stress Fatigue

Accelerations (ACC) and decelerations (DEC) are important and frequent actions in soccer. We aimed to investigate whether ACC and DEC were good indicators of the variation of training loads in elite women soccer players. Changes in the training load were monitored during two different selected weeks (considered a “low week” and a “heavy week”) during the in-season. Twelve elite soccer women playing in the French first division wore a 10-Hz Global Positioning System unit recording total distance, distance within speed ranges, sprint number, ACC, DEC, and a heart rate monitor during six soccer training sessions and rated their perceived exertion (RPE). They answered the Hooper questionnaire (sleep, stress, fatigue, DOMS) to get an insight of their subjective fitness level at the start (Hooper S) and at the end of each week (Hooper E). A countermovement jump (CMJ) was also performed once a week. During the heavy week, the training load was significantly greater than the low week when considering number of ACC >2 m·s−2 (28.2 ± 11.9 vs. 56.1 ± 10.1, p < 0.001) and number of DEC < −2 m·s−2 (31.5 ± 13.4 vs. 60.9 ± 14.4, p < 0.001). The mean heart rate percentage (HR%) (p < 0.05), RPE (p < 0.001), and Hooper E (p < 0.001) were significantly greater during the heavy week. ACC and DEC showed significant correlations with most outcomes: HR%, total distance, distance per min, sprint number, Hooper index of Hooper E, DOMS E, Fatigue E, RPE, and session RPE. We concluded that, for elite women soccer players, quantifying ACC and DEC alongside other indicators seemed to be essential for a more complete training load monitoring. Indeed, it could lead to a better understanding of the reasons why athletes get fatigued and give insight into neuromuscular, rather than only energetic, fatigue.

scholarly journals The Influence of Changes in Acute Training Load on Daily Sensitivity of Morning-Measured Fatigue Variables in Elite Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (s2) ◽  
pp. S2-107-S2-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin T. Thorpe ◽  
Anthony J. Strudwick ◽  
Martin Buchheit ◽  
Greg Atkinson ◽  
Barry Drust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
Submaximal Heart Rate

Purpose:To determine the sensitivity of a range of potential fatigue measures to daily training load accumulated over the previous 2, 3, and 4 d during a short in-season competitive period in elite senior soccer players (N = 10).Methods:Total highspeed-running distance, perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality), countermovement-jump height (CMJ), submaximal heart rate (HRex), postexercise heart-rate recovery (HRR), and heart-rate variability (HRV: Ln rMSSD) were analyzed during an in-season competitive period (17 d). General linear models were used to evaluate the influence of 2-, 3-, and 4-d total high-speed-running-distance accumulation on fatigue measures.Results:Fluctuations in perceived ratings of fatigue were correlated with fluctuations in total high-speed-running-distance accumulation covered on the previous 2 d (r = –.31; small), 3 d (r = –.42; moderate), and 4 d (r = –.28; small) (P < .05). Changes in HRex (r = .28; small; P = .02) were correlated with changes in 4-d total high-speed-running-distance accumulation only. Correlations between variability in muscle soreness, sleep quality, CMJ, HRR%, and HRV and total high-speed-running distance were negligible and not statistically significant for all accumulation training loads.Conclusions:Perceived ratings of fatigue and HRex were sensitive to fluctuations in acute total high-speed-running-distance accumulation, although sensitivity was not systematically influenced by the number of previous days over which the training load was accumulated. The present findings indicate that the sensitivity of morning-measured fatigue variables to changes in training load is generally not improved when compared with training loads beyond the previous day’s training.

scholarly journals Associations Between Selected Training-Stress Measures and Fitness Changes in Male Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Rabbani ◽  
Mehdi Kargarfard ◽  
Carlo Castagna ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Craig Twist
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Body Load ◽  
Training Stress ◽  
Training Impulse

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between accumulated global positioning system–accelerometer-based and heart rate–based training metrics and changes in high-intensity intermittent-running capacity during an in-season phase in professional soccer players. Methods: Eleven male professional players (mean [SD] age 27.2 [4.5] y) performed the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT) before and after a 5-wk in-season training phase, and the final velocity (VIFT) was considered their high-intensity intermittent-running capacity. During all sessions, Edwards training impulse (Edwards TRIMP), Banister TRIMP, Z5 TRIMP, training duration, total distance covered, new body load (NBL), high-intensity running performance (distance covered above 14.4 km·h−1), and very-high-intensity running performance (distance covered above 19.8 km·h−1) were recorded. Results: The players’ VIFT showed a most likely moderate improvement (+4.3%, 90% confidence limits 3.1–5.5%, effect size 0.70, [0.51–0.89]). Accumulated NBL, Banister TRIMP, and Edwards TRIMP showed large associations (r = .51–.54) with changes in VIFT. A very large relationship was also observed between accumulated Z5 TRIMP (r = .72) with changes in VIFT. Large to nearly perfect within-individual relationships were observed between NBL and some of the other training metrics (ie, Edwards TRIMP, Banister TRIMP, training duration, and total distance) in 10 out of 11 players. Conclusions: Heart rate–based training metrics can be used to monitor high-intensity intermittent-running-capacity changes in professional soccer players. The dose–response relationship is also largely detected using accelerometer-based metrics (ie, NBL) to track changes in high-intensity intermittent-running capacity of professional soccer players.

Heart Rate Variability as Biomarker of Training Load in Professional Soccer Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 842-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier J. Vilamitjana ◽  
Néstor A. Lentini ◽  
Mario F. Perez ◽  
Pablo E. Verde
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer

scholarly journals Weekly Load Variations of Distance-Based Variables in Professional Soccer Players: A Full-Season Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Rui Silva ◽  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
Asier Los Arcos ◽  
Bruno Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
And Training

The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to analyze the variations of acute load, training monotony, and training strain among early (pre-season), mid (first half of season), and end season (second half of season) periods; (2) to compare these training indicators for playing positions in different moments of the season. Nineteen professional players (age: 26.5 ± 4.3 years; experience as professional: 7.5 ± 4.3 years) from a European First League team participated in this study. The players were monitored daily over a 45-week period for the total distance (TD), distance covered (DC) at 14 km/h−1 or above (DC > 14 km/h), high-speed running above 19.8 km/h−1 (HSR) distance, and number of sprints above 25.2 km/h−1. The acute load (sum of load during a week), training monotony (mean of training load during the seven days of the week divided by the standard deviation of the training load of the seven days), and training strain (sum of the training load for all training sessions and matches during a week multiplied by training monotony) workload indices were calculated weekly for each measure and per player. Results revealed that training monotony and training strain for HSR were meaningfully greater in pre-season than in the first half of the in-season (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.883 and p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.712, respectively) and greater than the second half of the in-season (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.718 and p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.717). The training monotony for the sprints was meaningfully greater in pre-season than in the first half of in-season (p < 0.001; d = 0.953) and greater than the second half of in-season (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.916). Comparisons between playing positions revealed that small-to-moderate effect sizes differences mainly for the number of sprints in acute load, training monotony, and training strain. In conclusion, the study revealed that greater acute load, training monotony, and training strain occurred in the pre-season and progressively decreased across the season. Moreover, external defenders and wingers were subjected to meaningfully greater acute load and training strain for HSR and number of sprints during the season compared to the remaining positions.

scholarly journals Analysis and comparison of intensity in specific soccer training sessions

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Antonacci Condessa ◽  
Christian Emmanuel Torres Cabido ◽  
André Maia Lima ◽  
Daniel Barbosa Coelho ◽  
Vinicius M. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
High Intensity Zone ◽  
Soccer Training ◽  
And Training

This study compared the exercise intensity of four specific soccer training sessions (friendly and training match, tactical and technical workouts). Ten professional soccer players (24.2 ± 3.7 years, 177.9 ± 7.3 cm, 63.2 ± 4.6 mLO2•kg-1•min-l) were recruited. A treadmill progressive interval test was performed to determine the players' VO2max, maximal heart rate (HRmax), HR-VO2 curve, and the heart rate corresponding to blood lactate concentrations of 2 and 4 mmol/L. The heart rate during the training sessions was used to estimate the exercise intensity and to classify them into intensity zones (low-intensity: <2 mmol/L; moderate-intensity: between 2 and 4 mmol/L; high-intensity: >4 mmol/L). Exercise intensities were different among training sessions (friendly match: 86.0 ± 5.1% HRmax; training match: 81.2 ± 4.1% HRmax; tactical workout: 70.4 ± 5.3% HRmax; technical workout: 62.1 ± 3.6% HRmax). The friendly match presented the highest percentage of time performed in the high-intensity zone.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Relationship Between Heart Rate Recovery in Small-Sided Games and Endurance Performance in Male, Semi-professional Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Reinhardt ◽  
Stephan Schulze ◽  
Eduard Kurz ◽  
René Schwesig
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer

Abstract Background The ability to recover in the shortest possible time plays an important role especially in intermittent sports such as soccer. Evidence suggests that a well-developed endurance performance has positive effects on the repeated-sprint ability and thus also on the short-term recovery. However, it has not been clarified whether these relationships still exist in a soccer-specific situation. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the ability of semi-professional soccer players to recover during standardized small-sided games (SSGs) as an endurance performance indicator. Methods Eighteen male semi-professional soccer players (age, 23.5 ± 3.7 years) performed an incremental treadmill test (ITT) to determine their running velocity and heart rate at a fixed lactate threshold of 4 mmol L−1 (v4). Two days later, the players carried out six bouts of 4 vs. 4 SSGs (duration, 90 s; load to rest ratio, 1:1). A GPS-based tracking system was used to determine distances covered at four fixed speed zones (i.e., < 7.2 km/h, 7.2–14.4 km/h, 14.4–19.8 km/h, > 19.8 km/h) and total distance covered during the SSGs. Furthermore, the frequency of occurrence of accelerations (> 1.54 m s−2) was calculated. SSGs’ internal load was quantified by average heart rate and blood lactate concentration after the SSGs. Their recovery ability was evaluated using heart rate recovery (HRR) after the last bout of the SSGs. Results A very large correlation (r = − .91) with an explained variance of 84% was found between HRR and v4. Further, a better performance in the ITT was also related with a higher number of accelerations executed during SSGs (r = .60). The total distance and distances in predefined speed zones did not show any association to v4. Conclusions This study showed a strong relationship between HRR after standardized 4 vs. 4 SSGs and the soccer players’ endurance performance in a laboratory setting. Thus, besides being associated with endurance capacity, v4 seems sufficient to evaluate the sport-specific ability to recover in soccer players.

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