Designing a Warm-Up Protocol for Elite Bob-Skeleton Athletes

Purpose:To investigate how different warm-ups influenced subsequent sled-pull sprint performance in Olympic-level bob-skeleton athletes as part of their preparation for the 2010 Winter Olympics.Methods:Three female and 3 male athletes performed 5 different randomized warm-ups of differing intensities, durations, and timing relative to subsequent testing, each 2 days apart, all repeated twice. After warm-ups, testing on a sledpull sprint over 20 m, 3 repeats 3 min apart, took place.Results:Performance testing showed improvement (P < .001, ES > 1.2) with both increasing intensity of warm-up and closeness of completion to testing, with 20-m sled sprinting being 0.1–0.25 s faster in higher-intensity protocols performed near testing In addition, supplementing the warm-ups by wearing of a light survival coat resulted in further performance improvement (P = .000, ES 1.8).Conclusions:Changing timing and intensity of warm-up and using an ancillary passive heat-retention device improved sprint performance in Olympic-level bob-skeleton athletes. Subsequent adoption of these on the competitive circuit was associated with a seasonal improvement in push times and was ultimately implemented in the 2010 Winter Olympics.

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Effects of time-of-day on repeated sprint performance of aromatherapy massage applied young futsal players

10.53350/pjmhs211594030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 4030-4035

Author(s):

Ramazan Bayer ◽

Özgür Eken

Keyword(s):

Performance Improvement ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Single Group ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Sprint Time ◽

Percent Change ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Research Protocols ◽

Positive Effect

Background: Different protocols are applied in order to increase the performance of athletes in sports that include high-intensity activities such as futsal. Massage protocols applied before or after exercise are frequently used for performance improvement. The differences in oils used in the massage and the time of day may vary performance levels of the futsal players. Aim: This study was planned to determine the effects of time-of-day on repeated sprint performance of aromatherapy massage applied young futsal players. Methods: Twelve male athletes between the age of 18-25, who exercised regularly for five days a week and played futsal for at least 4 years, participated in the study (age, 20.50± 1.78 years; height, 171.92± 2.23 cm; 67.92 ± 2.42 kg; BMI 23.06±.77). The research protocols consisted of three different protocols as single group, non-massage protocol (NM), Swedish massage applied protocol (SM), and aromatherapy massage applied protocol (ATM). In addition, three measurements were taken for each protocol and measurements were made at different times of the day (09.00 in the morning; 13.00 in the afternoon; 17.00 in the evening). After each measurement, the Repetitive Sprint Test (RST) (6x20m) measurements of the athletes were taken. While evaluating RST results, the fastest sprint time (FS), total sprint time and percent change (PC) from the first sprint to the last sprint were calculated. Results: It was determined that there was a statistical difference between RST values observed at different times of the day after NM, SM and ATM protocols. In addition, among all protocols, ATM protocol was found to be more effective. Conclusion: It was determined that ATM had a positive effect on RST performance compared to NM and SM protocols and the ATM protocol applied in the evening was more effective than the ATM protocol applied in the morning and afternoon. Keywords: Futsal, Diurnal Variation, Aromatherapy Massage, Repetitive Sprint.

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The Effects of Loaded Plyometric Exercise during Warm-Up on Subsequent Sprint Performance in Collegiate Track Athletes: A Randomized Trial

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports8070101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Kalin A. Tomlinson ◽

Ken Hansen ◽

Daniel Helzer ◽

Zakkoyya H. Lewis ◽

Whitney D. Leyva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Means ◽

Experimental Treatment ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Control Treatment ◽

P Value ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Warm Up ◽

Subsequent Performance ◽

Plyometric Exercise ◽

Track Athletes

Prior evidence demonstrates the efficacy by which plyometric activities during warm-up conditions augment the subsequent performance in power-centric exercise. We investigated the acute effects of loaded jump squats incorporated into a standard sprinters’ warm-up protocol on subsequent sprint performance in collegiate track athletes. Sprint times of 22 male and female collegiate track athletes were measured in 10-m intervals during a 30-m sprint trial following a standard sprinters’ warm-up routine with or without plyometric exercise. Subjects were tested on two separate occasions, once with loaded jump squats as the experimental treatment (two sets of eight jumps, load = 13% bodyweight) (PLYO) and once with time-equated rest as the control treatment (CON). Treatments were implemented following a standard sprinters’ warm-up routine familiar to the subjects. A dependent T-test was used for comparison of sprint interval times between conditions with a significant effect indicated by a p-value < 0.05. Sprint time did not differ between CON vs. PLYO at the 10 m (PLYO = 1.90 ± 0.12 s vs. CON = 1.90 ± 0.11 s, p = 0.66), 20 m (PLYO = 3.16 ± 0.21 s vs. CON = 3.15 ± 0.19 s, p = 0.53), and 30 m (PLYO = 4.32 ± 0.32 s vs. CON = 4.31 ± 0.28 s, p = 0.61) intervals. There was no interaction between treatment and sex, sex-specific ranking (above vs. below sex-specific mean), or sprint event (short vs. short–long vs. long) for 10 m, 20 m, or 30-m interval sprint times. At least within the limits of the current investigation, no evidence was provided to suggest that jump squats loaded at 13% bodyweight are an effective means to acutely potentiate sprint performance in collegiate track athletes. However, a further examination of responders indicates that the present loaded jump squat protocol may preferentially potentiate sprint performance in faster male athletes.

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Core Temperature Changes and Sprint Performance of Elite Female Soccer Players After a 15-minute Warm-Up in a Hot-Humid Environment

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/01.jsc.0000491321.12969.1d ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 262-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Juraiporn Somboonwong ◽

Ladawan Chutimakul ◽

Sompol Sanguanrungsirikul

Keyword(s):

Core Temperature ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Warm Up ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Humid Environment

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Effect of cluster set warm-up configurations on sprint performance in collegiate male soccer players

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2017-0610 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 625-630 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Brett S. Nickerson ◽

Gerald T. Mangine ◽

Tyler D. Williams ◽

Ismael A. Martinez

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Strength And Conditioning ◽

Warm Up ◽

Back Squat ◽

Cluster Set ◽

Rest Periods ◽

Single Cluster ◽

Traditional Manner

The purpose of this study was to determine if back squat cluster sets (CS) with varying inter-repetition rest periods would potentiate greater sprint performance compared with a traditional set parallel back squat in collegiate soccer players. Twelve collegiate male soccer players (age, 21.0 ± 2.0 years; height, 180.0 ± 9.0 cm; body mass, 79.0 ± 9.5 kg) performed a 20-m sprint prior to a potentiation complex and at 1, 4, 7, and 10 min postexercise on 3 separate, randomized occasions. On each occasion, the potentiation complex consisted of 1 set of 3 repetitions at 85% 1-repetition maximum (1RM) for the traditional parallel back squat. However, on 1 occasion the 3-repetition set was performed in a traditional manner (i.e., continuously), whereas on the other 2 occasions, 30s (CS30) and 60 s (CS60) of rest were allotted between each repetition. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed greater (p = 0.022) mean barbell velocity on CS60 compared with the traditional set. However, faster (p < 0.040) 20-m sprint times were observed for CS30 (3.15 ± 0.16 s) compared with traditional (3.20 ± 0.17 s) only at 10 min postexercise. No other differences were observed. These data suggest that a single cluster set of 3 repetitions with 30-s inter-repetition rest periods at 85% 1RM acutely improves 20-m sprinting performance. Strength and conditioning professionals and their athletes might consider its inclusion during the specific warm-up to acutely improve athletic performance during the onset (≤10 min) of training or competition.

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The Effect of Different Warm Up Stretch Protocols on 20m-Sprint Performance in Trained Soccer Players

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.456 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 2210-2214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yaser Alikhajeh ◽

Nasser Mohamad Rahimi ◽

Khadijeh Fazeli ◽

Hajar Fazeli

Keyword(s):

Sprint Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Warm Up

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Effects of Static Stretching in Warm-Up on Repeated Sprint Performance

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b438f3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 2155-2162 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Aaron Y Sim ◽

Brian T Dawson ◽

Kym J Guelfi ◽

Karen E Wallman ◽

Warren B Young

Keyword(s):

Sprint Performance ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Warm Up ◽

Repeated Sprint

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Effect of Warm-Up on Intermittent Sprint Performance

Research in Sports Medicine ◽

10.1080/15438627.2013.852091 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 88-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

P. Anderson ◽

G. Landers ◽

K. Wallman

Keyword(s):

Sprint Performance ◽

Warm Up

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Gender Representation of Athletes in Finnish and Swedish Tabloids

Nordicom Review ◽

10.1515/nor-2016-0012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 83-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antti Laine

Keyword(s):

Media Studies ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Gender Representation ◽

Sporting Events ◽

Women's Sports ◽

Sports Journalism ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Winter Olympics ◽

Women’S Sports ◽

Sports Coverage

Abstract The study examines quantitatively and qualitatively gender representation in Finnish and Swedish tabloids’ sports coverage during Athens 2004 summer and Turin 2006 winter Olympics. Several media studies argue that sports journalism marginalises women’s sports and sexualises female athletes. The results of this study show that male athletes received more coverage than female athletes in every tabloid, but when the number of domestic participants and their level of success were considered, neither country’s tabloids quantitatively marginalised women’s sports. Qualitative analysis found that research stereotypes showing trivialisation and sexualisation of female athletes were incorrect, with the exception of Finnish tabloids representations of female athletes participating in sports that are considered masculine. For the most part, female athletes were represented in the same way as male athletes. However, it should be emphasised that the material is limited to Olympics coverage: during such major sporting events women are treated more equally, particularly quantitatively.

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