Jornalismo live streaming e a cobertura esportiva na pandemia da covid-19:o caso do Portal Voz da Torcida na Paraíba

A utilização do Live Streaming no Jornalismo Esportivo durante a Pandemia da Covid-19, no caso do Portal Voz da Torcida. Estudo com abordagem quali-quantitativa com observação direta e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados indicam tendência na aceleração da migração da cobertura esportiva para o Live Streaming tornando-se estratégia fundamental para o veículo em meio à pandemia em um indicativo que pode sugerir uma tendência dentro do nicho esportivo no ambiente digital. Conclui-se que o formato pode se consolidar como modelo de negócios para cobertura esportiva.Live streaming journalism and sports coverage at covid-19 pandemic: or the case of Portal Voz da Torcida in ParaíbaAbstractThe use of Live Streaming in Sports Journalism during the Covid-19 Pandemic, in the case of Portal Voz da Torcida. Study with a quali-quantitative approach with direct observation and semi-structured interviews. The results indicate a trend in the acceleration of the migration of sports coverage to Live Streaming journalism, becoming a fundamental strategy for the journalist organizations in the midst of the pandemic, in an indication that may suggest a trend within the sports niche in the digital environment. We conclude that the format can be consolidated as a business model for sports coverage.Keywords: live-streaming journalism; mobility; sports journalism; pandemic; voz da torcida.

Covid-19: ¿Una oportunidad de cambio para el periodismo deportivo? Análisis de la cobertura deportiva de El País, El Mundo y La Vanguardia durante el estado de alarma = COVID-19: An opportunity for change in sports journalism? Analysis of the sports coverage of El País, El Mundo and La Vanguardia during the state of alarm

El periodismo deportivo se ha caracterizado por la uniformidad y la baja diversidad temática, que se traduce en la excesiva focalización en determinados deportes, competiciones y protagonistas con alta capacidad de atracción económica. La crisis del Covid-19 ha ofrecido al periodismo deportivo la oportunidad de reexaminar sus estrategias y articular una agenda distintiva. A través del análisis del contenido de 1,409 piezas y 195 portadas, se examina la cobertura desarrollada por El País, El Mundo y La Vanguardia durante los primeros 65 días del estado de alarma, con el objetivo de determinar si los periódicos aprovecharon la crisis para desarrollar un periodismo deportivo más diverso. La crisis del Covid-19 no modificó las prioridades existentes, sino que intensificó la atención sobre aquellos deportes que ya acumulaban más poder mediático. En un escenario sin competiciones, la atención sobre el fútbol masculino y profesional permaneció intacta. La ‘futbolización’ contrasta con un escaso tratamiento del impacto de la pandemia sobre otras disciplinas minoritarias y el deporte femenino y adaptado. La prensa también fue ajena a varias temáticas, personajes y perspectivas de importancia a nivel mundial. Las disparidades en la agenda conllevan repercusiones sociales, económicas y deportivas de primer orden. AbstractSports journalism has been characterized by uniformity and low thematic diversity, which translates into excessive focus on certain sports, competitions and protagonists with a high capacity for economic attraction. The Covid-19 crisis has offered sports journalism the opportunity to reexamine its strategies and articulate a distinctive agenda. Through content analysis of 1,409 pieces and 195 front pages, the coverage developed by El País, El Mundo and La Vanguardia during the first 65 days of the state of alarm is examined, with the goal of determining whether newspapers took advantage of the crisis to develop a more diverse sports journalism. The Covid-19 crisis did not modify the existing priorities, but rather intensified attention on those sports that already accumulated more media power. In a landscape without competitions, the focus on men's and professional football remained intact. ‘Footballization’ contrasts with a scant treatment of the impact of the pandemic on other minority disciplines and women's and disability sport. The press was also oblivious to various themes protagonists and perspectives of worldwide importance. The disparities on the agenda carry major social, economic and sports repercussions.

Education, Political Party, and Football Viewership Predict Americans' Attention to News About Concussions in Sports

News outlets, sports coverage, and even Hollywood movies have highlighted the growing body of research documenting the long-term negative consequences of traumatic injury in athletics, particularly, (sports-related) concussions. Despite so much media coverage, little is known about how much attention members of the American public pay to sports concussion news. Disparities in attention to concussion news among sociodemographic groups may contribute to further inequalities in rates of concussions that stem from participation in collision sports. In this study, using a 2017 nationally representative survey of US residents (n = 964), we examine the social, political, and demographic correlates of individuals' attention to news about concussions in sports. Regression results indicate that older, more educated, Democratic-leaning respondents reported that they pay more attention to news about concussions. Additionally, respondents with a greater past competitive athletic participation and those who regularly watch baseball and football reported higher levels of attention to concussion news. These findings are consistent with previous research showing higher levels of news consumption and trust in science among the highly educated and Democrats. The increased levels among football viewers may be in response to the inclusion of concussion news in game coverage.

(Olympic) Sports (Sports Coverage)

The variable '(Olympic) sports' identifies (Olympic) sports that are the subject of communication. Field of application/theoretical foundation: The variable can be used in all fields of sports communication, but is particularly interesting with regard to communication about the Olympic Games. It is based on the current list of Olympic sports (IOC, 2020a) and the list of sports recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC, 2020b). References/combination with other methods of data collection: The list on which the category is based can also be used in surveys. In this way, it is possible, for example, to investigate whether the perception of relevance of (certain) sports in the population correspond or differ from the relevance journalists attribute to (certain) sports by the extent of their reporting. Example study: In a study by Vögele and Schäfer (2020) on the use of content analyses in sports communication, the category was used in a slightly adapted form. They coded sports that were the subject of the respective content analyses. In this way, it was possible to determine which sports are in the focus of sports communication research (and which are not; RH=1.0). (Olympische) Sportarten In dieser Kategorie werden die Sportarten verschlüsselt, über die der Beitrag berichtet. Sind die Olympischen Spiele allgemein Gegenstand der Berichterstattung, sind die übergeordneten Ausprägungen „100“ (Sommerspiele) bzw. „200“ (Winterspiele) zu codieren. Werden im Beitrag keine Sportarten oder olympischen Sportereignisse thematisiert, wird „0“ codiert. Sonstige Sportarten werden mit „9999“ verschlüsselt. 000 keine (olympische) Sportart oder olympischen Sportereignisse thematisiert 1000 Olympische Sommerspiele 1010 American Football 1020 Automobilsport 1030 Badminton 1040 Bandy 1050 Baseball/Softball 1060 Basketball 1070 Beach Volleyball 1080 Bergsteigen 1090 Billard 1100 Bogenschießen 1110 Boules 1120 Bowling 1130 Boxen 1140 Bridge 1150 Cheerleading 1160 Cricket 1170 Fechten 1180 Floorball 1190 Flugsport 1200 Fußball 1210 Frisbee 1220 Gewichtheben 1230 Golf 1240 Handball 1250 Hockey 1260 Judo 1270 Kanusport 1271 Kanu Slalom 1272 Kanu Sprint 1280 Karate 1290 Kickboxen 1300 Korfball 1310 Lacrosse 1320 Leichtathletik 1330 Moderner Fünfkampf 1340 Motorbootsport 1350 Motorradsport 1360 Muaythai 1370 Netball 1380 Orientierungslauf 1390 Pelota 1400 Polo 1410 Radsport 1411 Bahnradsport 1412 BMX 1413 Mountain Bike 1414 Straßenradsport 1420 Racquetball 1430 Reitsport 1431 Dressurreiten 1432 Springreiten 1433 Vielseitigkeitsreiten 1440 Ringen 1441 Freistilringen 1442 Griechisch-römisches Ringen 1450 Rudern 1460 Rugby 1470 Rollsport 1471 Rollhockey 1472 Rollkunstlauf 1473 Inlineskaten 1474 Inlinehockey 1480 Sambo 1490 Schach 1500 Schießen 1510 Schwimmsport 1511 Freiwasserschwimmen 1512 Schwimmen (Bahn) 1513 Synchronschwimmen 1514 Rettungsschwimmen 1520 Segeln 1530 Skateboarding 1540 Sportklettern 1550 Surfen 1560 Taekwondo 1570 Tanzen 1580 Tauziehen 1590 Tennis 1600 Tischtennis 1610 Trampolinsport 1620 Turmspringen 1630 Turnsport 1631 Geräteturnen 1632 Rhythmische Sportgymnastik 1640 Triathlon 1650 Squash 1660 Sumoringen 1670 Unterwassersport 1680 Volleyball 1690 Wasserball 1700 Wasserski 1710 Wushu 2000 Olympische Winterspiele 2010 Biathlon 2020 Bobsport 2030 Curling 2040 Eishockey 2050 Eiskunstlauf 2060 Eisschnellauf 2070 Eisstock 2080 Nordische Kombination 2090 Rodeln 2100 Short Track 2110 Skeleton 2120 Ski Alpin 2130 Skibergsteigen 2140 Ski Freestyle 2150 Skilanglauf 2160 Skispringen 2170 Snowboard 9999 Sonstige Sportart References The International Olympic Committee (IOC) (2020a). Recognised federations. Abgerufen von https://www.olympic.org/recognised-federations The International Olympic Committee (IOC) (2020b). Sports. Abgerufen von https://www.olympic.org/sports Vögele, C. & Schäfer, M. (2020). Inhaltsanalysen in der Sportkommunikation. In F. Oehmer, S. H. Kessler, K. Sommer, E. Humprecht & L. Castro Herrero (Hrsg.), Handbook of Standardized Content Analysis: Applied Designs to Research Fields of Communication Science.

Assessed refereeing decision (Sports Coverage)

The variable "Assessed refereeing decision" refers to the question which decisions of referees are rated in media reports on football matches. It is coded which decisions made by referees (f. ex. penalty kicks, sending-offs or offside decisions) are assessed and how they are rated. Field of application/theoretical foundation: Ratings of refereeing decisions are omnipresent in the media coverage of football matches. They can be expressed either in live commentaries on football matches or in post-match reports and match analyses. When reporting on football matches, journalists are faced with the question which events during a match are worth reporting. Therefore, they face the challenge of having to make numerous selection decisions. In addition to the performance of players and teams on the pitch, the referees and their decisions can also influence the course and outcome of the game (e.g. Weston, Drust, Atkinson & Gregson, 2011). Concerning journalistic selection decisions, on the other hand, various factors can be important, such as the attitudes of the journalists, routines in media organizations or general journalistic rules (e.g. Donsbach, 1987, Weischenberg, 1992). In order to understand why journalists make which selection decisions, it is first important to identify which decisions they make and thus which refereeing decisions are rated and how they are rated. References/combination with other methods of data collection: In order to find out which refereeing decisions journalists select and discuss, an input-output analysis can be used to compare the refereeing decisions selected by journalists and all refereeing decisions made in the course of the match. Such a comparison with extra-media data makes it possible to identify which decisions are reported particularly frequently. In addition, the combination of content analytical results and surveys of referees and sports journalists is useful to identify reciprocal effects of media coverage of referees on the referees themselves (see Schäfer & Eschmann, 2019) and to ask sports journalists about the factors influencing their selection decisions. Example study: Vögele and Schäfer (2019) analyzed the coverage of referees in the German Bundesliga in tv match reports on the ARD Sportschau. For this purpose, they examined the ratings of referees in a total of 591 match reports in the seasons 2011/12 to 2017/18. For each rating of a referee, they recorded the main object of the refereeing evaluation (main referee, video assistant, assistant etc.), the tendency of the rating, the originator of the rating (commentator, actors of the participating associations etc.) as well as the requested or proposed alternative decision, in addition to the assessed refereeing decision. The reliability score of the coding for the assessed refereeing decision was an acceptable Krippendorff's Alpha of .91 (Holsti=.93; two coders*). The category "assessed refereeing decision" was described as follows (The complete codebook for analysis is available at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FU8H7) Bewertete Schiedsrichterentscheidung In dieser Kategorie wird erfasst, welche Schiedsrichterentscheidung der Bewertung der Schiedsrichter*innen zu Grunde liegt. Die Schiedsrichterentscheidungen sind dabei eingeteilt in Vergehen, persönliche Strafen und Spielfortsetzungen. Im Normalfall sollte immer die jeweilige detaillierte Ausprägung bei der Codierung erfasst werden. Kritisiert der Kommentator also beispielsweise, dass der Schiedsrichter einen Strafstoß gegeben hat, wird hier Strafstoß als bewertete Schiedsrichterentscheidung codiert. Stellt der Kommentator fest, dass der Schiedsrichter eine gelbe Karte zu Unrecht vergeben hat, wird gelbe Karte codiert. Ist allgemein davon die Sprache, dass der Schiedsrichter viele Fehlentscheidungen getroffen hat, wird bei dieser Kategorie die Ausprägung 0 „Entscheidungen allgemein“ codiert. 0 keine spezielle Entscheidung, sondern Entscheidungen allgemein 10 Vergehen 11 Foulspiel 12 Handspiel 13 Tätlichkeit 14 Unsportlichkeit 15 Abseits 20 persönliche Strafe 21 Verwarnung/gelbe Karte 22 gelb-rote Karte 23 rote Karte 24 Ermahnung 30 Spielfortsetzung 31 Vergabe Strafstoß 32 Ausführung Strafstoß 33 Wiederholung Strafstoß 34 Vergabe Freistoß 35 Ausführung Freistoß 36 Wiederholung Freistoß 37 Vergabe Eckball 38 Ausführung Eckball 39 Vergabe Einwurf 40 Ausführung Einwurf 41 Schiedsrichterball 42 Weiterspielen 43 Anspiel/Tor 44 Abpfiff/Spielende 45 Abstoß 46 Halbzeitpfiff 99 Sonstige Entscheidung: _______________ References Donsbach, W. (1987). Journalismusforschung in der Bundesrepublik. Offene Fragen trotz ‚Forschungsboom‘. In J. Wilke (Hrsg.), Zwischenbilanz der Journalistenausbildung (S. 105-142). München: Ölschläger. Weischenberg, S. (1992). Journalistik. Theorie und Praxis aktueller Medienkommunikation. Band 1. Opladen: Westdeutscher. Weston, M., Drust, B., Atkinson, G., & Gregson, W. (2011). Variability of soccer referees' match performances. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(3), 190-194. Vögele, C., & Schäfer, M. (2019). Fußball-Schiedsrichter im Spiegel der Medien: Die Berichterstattung über Bundesliga-Schiedsrichter in der ARD-Sportschau. Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport, 4(1), 1-24. Verfügbar unter: https://openjournals.hs-hannover.de/jskms/article/view/111/96

Speech Influence Mechanisms and Models in Polycode and Polymodal Text (Using the Example of Regional Television Sports Coverage)

This article analyzes speech influence mechanisms and models in polycode and polymodal text. As an example, we took a sports coverages aired on regional television, since it is a polycode and polymodal composing. The publication presents speech influence mechanisms and models proposed by various researchers. Taking into consideration various points of view it can be assumed that speech influence in television sports coverage occurs through the information sharing on two levels proposed by A.A. Leontiev. This process is carried out either by introducing new knowledge about reality into the field of values of the recipient, on the basis of which he will change his behavior or his attitude to this reality, or by changing the field of values of the recipient without introducing new elements.

Sports as (Digital) Media Entertainment

Over the last six decades, mediated sports have become an entertainment phenomenon. Sports coverage and content continue to grow on both traditional and digital platforms. As a result, scholars and industry professionals alike have spent considerable time and energy examining the sports media entertainment experience. This chapter identifies the core theoretical perspectives used to explain mediated sports’ overarching appeal, including excitation transfer, suspense, disposition, mood management, and hedonic/eudaimonic approaches. It also outlines key factors of the sports media entertainment experience, which include viewer characteristics, content features, and the context in which the experience takes place. The chapter concludes by providing several directions for future research, addressing the roles of technology, identity, and morality in mediated sports consumption and how they inform our understanding of sports as a fundamental part of the larger media entertainment landscape.

In Response to COVID-19: Current Trends in Orthopaedic Surgery Sports Medicine Fellowships

Background: The COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the health care system and education models. The reduction in case volume, transition to remote learning, lack of sports coverage opportunities, and decreased clinical interactions have had an immediate effect on orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship programs. Purpose/Hypothesis: Our purpose was to gauge the response to the pandemic from a sports medicine fellowship education perspective. We hypothesized that (1) the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant change in training programs, (2) in-person surgical skills training and didactic learning would be substituted with virtual learning, and (3) hands-on surgical training and case numbers would decrease and the percentage of fellows graduating with skill levels commensurate with graduation would decrease. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: In May 2020, a survey was sent to the fellowship directors of all 90 orthopaedic sports medicine fellowships accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education; it included questions on program characteristics, educational lectures, and surgical skills. A total of 37 completed surveys (41%) were returned, all of which were deidentified. Responses were compiled and saved on a closed, protected institutional server. Results: In a majority of responding programs (89%), fellows continued to participate in the operating room. Fellows continued with in-person clinical visits in 65% of programs, while 51% had their fellows participate in telehealth visits. Fellows were “redeployed” to help triage and assist with off-service needs in 21% of programs compared with 65% of resident programs having residents rotate off service. Regarding virtual education, 78% of programs have used or are planning to use platforms offered by medical societies, and 49% have used or are planning to use third-party independent education platforms. Of the 37 programs, 30 reported no in-person lectures or meetings, and there was a sharp decline in the number of programs participating in cadaver laboratories (n = 10; 27%) and industry courses (n = 6; 16%). Conclusion: Virtual didactic and surgical education and training as well as telehealth will play a larger role in the coming year than in the past. There are effects to fellows’ exposure to sports coverage and employment opportunities. The biggest challenge will be how to maintain the element of human interaction and connect with patients and trainees at a time when social distancing is needed to curb the spread of COVID-19.

Speech Influence Mechanisms and Models in Polycode and Polymodal Text (Using the Example of Regional Television Sports Coverage)

This article analyzes speech influence mechanisms and models in polycode and polymodal text. As an example, we took a sports coverages aired on regional television, since it is a polycode and polymodal composing. The publication presents speech influence mechanisms and models proposed by various researchers. Taking into consideration various points of view it can be assumed that speech influence in television sports coverage occurs through the information sharing on two levels proposed by A.A. Leontiev. This process is carried out either by introducing new knowledge about reality into the field of values of the recipient, on the basis of which he will change his behavior or his attitude to this reality, or by changing the field of values of the recipient without introducing new elements.