Potential Predictors of College Women Meeting Strength Training Recommendations: Application of the Integrated Behavioral Model

Background:Due to numerous health benefits, national recommendations call Americans to participate in muscle-strengthening activities at least 2 days/week. However, college-aged women tend to fall short of recommendations. This study sought to examine correlates of college women meeting strength training recommendations using the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM).Methods:Undergraduate women (n = 421) completed surveys measuring strength training, demographics, and IBM constructs. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.Results:Respondents were on average 20.1 years old, 79.3% were white, and 66.3% did not meet strength training recommendations. Bivariate correlations revealed significant relationships (P ≤ .01) between strength training and attitude, descriptive norms, perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, intention, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A logistic regression model revealed self-efficacy, intention, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were predictive of college women meeting U.S. strength training recommendations.Conclusions:This study supports using the IBM to understand strength training behavior among college women. Further research is needed to better understand mediating effects among IBM constructs.

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Gender differences for theory-based determinants of muscle-strengthening physical activity in college-aged students: a moderation analysis

Translational Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/tbm/ibz058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 781-791 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Grace Fairchild Saidi ◽

Paul Branscum

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Reasoned Action ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Reasoned Action Approach ◽

Muscle Strengthening ◽

Perceived Norms ◽

Motivational Interventions ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Researchers and practitioners have primarily focused on understanding and promoting aerobic forms of physical activity (PA), while leaving muscle-strengthening forms of PA less understood. There are also stark gender disparities for muscle-strengthening PA but not aerobic PA. The purpose of this study was to apply the reasoned action approach (RAA) toward understanding theory-based determinants of muscle-strengthening PA and to explore gender differences. Female (n = 272) and male (n = 120) college students completed a valid and reliable survey evaluating their participation in muscle-strengthening PA and the constructs of the RAA (intentions, attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control [PBC]). Results showed that attitudes, perceived norms, and PBC explained a substantial amount of the variance of intentions for both female (53.8%) and male (54.7%) participants; however, when predicting participation in muscle-strengthening PA, PBC moderated the relationship between intentions and muscle-strengthening PA participation for female participants but not for male participants. Results from this study showed that for women, implementational processes are likely needed for public health interventions to promote muscle-strengthening PA to build capability, skills, and self-efficacy, while for men, motivational interventions are warranted to create favorable attitudes.

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Predicting Physical Activity Intention and Behavior in School-Age Children

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.20.3.342 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 342-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Louise Foley ◽

Harry Prapavessis ◽

Ralph Maddison ◽

Shauna Burke ◽

Erin McGowan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Integrated Model ◽

School Age Children ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Efficacy Measures ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

And Behavior

Two studies were conducted to predict physical activity in school-aged children. Study 1 tested the utility of an integrated model in predicting physical activity (PA) intention and behavior—the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and self-efficacy theory. Six hundred and forty-five New Zealand children (aged 11–13 years) completed measures corresponding to the integrated model and a self-reported measure of PA one week later. Perceived behavioral control (PBC) and subjective norm were the two strongest predictors of intentions. Task efficacy and barrier efficacy were the two strongest predictors of PA. A second study (Study 2) was conducted to determine whether the self-efficacy measures could discriminate objectively measured PA levels. Sixty-seven Canadian children (aged 11–13 years) completed task and barrier self-efficacy measures. The following week, children classified as ‘high’ (n = 11) and ‘lower’ (n = 7) for both task and barrier efficacy wore an Actical® monitor for seven consecutive days to provide activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) data. Results showed that children with high efficacy expended significantly greater AEE than their lower efficacious counterparts. Findings from these two studies provide support for the use of self-efficacy interventions as a potentially useful means of increasing PA levels among school-aged children.

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Using Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict the Physical Activity of Children: Probing Gender Differences

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/536904 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lijuan Wang ◽

Lin Wang

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control

Objectives. The primary objective of this study was to use the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine the association between TPB variables and the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of children in Shanghai, China. Gender differences were also explored.Methods. The participants were 353 children (180 boys and 173 girls) aged 9 to 13 years from three primary schools in Shanghai. Accelerometers were used to measure the MVPA duration of the children. Questionnaires that focused on attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) related to MVPA engagement were completed by the participants.Results. Regression analyses revealed that intention, and not PBC, accounted for 9% of the variance in MVPA. Meanwhile, attitude and PBC explained 33% of the variance in intentions to engage in MVPA. In terms of gender differences, TPB performed better in the physical activity (PA) domain for boys than for girls. Furthermore, attitude and PBC were significantly associated with intention among boys, whereas only PBC was significantly related to intention among girls.Conclusion. Practitioners should consider tailoring intervention to address gender differences to increase leisure-time PA participation of children.

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Determinants of Teachers’ Intentions to Teach Physically Active Physical Education Classes

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education ◽

10.1123/jtpe.20.2.129 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 129-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jeffrey J. Martin ◽

Pamela Hodges Kulinna ◽

Robert C. Eklund ◽

Brett Reed

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Reasoned Action ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Subjective Norm ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Physically Active

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine determinants of teachers’ intentions to teach physically active physical education classes (i.e., spend at least 50% of class time with the students engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity). Based on the theories of reasoned action, planned behavior, and self-efficacy, a model was examined hypothesizing that teachers’ intentions were determined by subjective norm, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and self-efficacy. Using hierarchical regression analyses, the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior were supported by accounting for 65% of the variance in intention due to the main effects of attitude and subjective norm, as well as their interaction effects. The role of perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy theory were not supported.

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Using The Reasoned Action Approach To Analyze Differences In Physical Activity Behaviors of College Student Athletes During The Early COVID-19 Shutdown.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-469420/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paul W. Branscum ◽

Karly S. Geller ◽

Olivia A. Branson

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

College Student ◽

Student Athletes ◽

Reasoned Action ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Reasoned Action Approach ◽

Muscle Strengthening ◽

Perceived Norms ◽

College Student Athletes

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to utilize the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the physical activity (PA) behaviors of college student athletes, including aerobic, muscle strengthening, and sport-specific conditioning PA. Theory-based determinants of intentions to all three PA behaviors were assessed using multiple regression analyses.Results: Outcomes demonstrated that perceived norms, perceived behavioral control, and attitudes predicted a significant amount of the variance of intentions for muscle strengthening PA (44.8%) and a moderate amount for aerobic PA (28.5%) and conditioning PA (35.2%). Additionally, intentions, attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control were compared between PA type using a repeated measures ANOVA, and results showed there were significant differences. Conclusion: These findings can assist public health practitioners, coaches, and trainers to develop and implement more effective interventions and training sessions for all types of PA with college athletes.

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Predicting Vigorous Physical Activity of Corporate Employees: Comparing the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.14.2.192 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 192-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Jay Kimiecik

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Perceived Control ◽

Reasoned Action ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

And Behavior

The purpose of the present study was to compare the utility of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior in predicting the exercise intentions and behavior of corporate employees. Corporate employees (/7=332) who completed two questionnaires served as subjects. The first questionnaire assessed intentions, subjective norm, attitude, and perceived control with respect to participating in regular, vigorous physical activity. Participants also completed a follow-up questionnaire 4 weeks later that assessed self-reported frequency of vigorous physical activity during those 4 weeks. Hierarchical-regression analyses indicated that perceived behavioral control (the critical variable in the theory of planned behavior) accounted for a significant portion of the variance in intentions and self-reported exercise behavior, above that accounted for by reasoned action. These results lend support to Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, which suggests that individuals' perceptions of control are most important when attempting behaviors that are not completely under volitional control.

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Social-Cognitive Determinants of Physical Activity Attendance in Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.14.3.344 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 344-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Fabio Lucidi ◽

Caterina Grano ◽

Claudio Barbaranelli ◽

Cristiano Violani

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Behavioral Intention ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Predictive Capacity ◽

Class Attendance ◽

Cognitive Determinants ◽

Intention To Exercise

The present study evaluated whether, and to what extent, the constructs implicated in the theory of planned behavior could predict behavioral intention to exercise and exercise-class attendance of older adults (age 65–90 years) already enrolled in a physical activity program. The study also evaluated whether including self-efficacy judgments might improve the predictive capacity of the model. Participants (N = 1,095) were randomly sampled Italian volunteers from exercise classes for older adults. First, they completed questionnaires assessing the above-mentioned constructs. Then, class attendance was recorded during the following 3 months. Results indicated a substantial correspondence between the model and the data. Perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy were the strongest predictors of behavioral intention, whereas attitudes and subjective norms only partially contributed to its prediction. The inclusion of self-efficacy improved the predictive capacity of the overall model. Finally, results showed a weak relation between behavioral intention and attendance rate in physical activity sessions.

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Conscientiousness, Extroversion, and Action Control: Comparing Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.31.6.724 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 724-742 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Gert-Jan de Bruijn ◽

Ruben de Groot ◽

Bas van den Putte ◽

Ryan Rhodes

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Subjective Norm ◽

Action Control ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Prospective Data ◽

Five Dimensions ◽

Affective Attitude

The present study explored the influence of the Big Five dimensions extroversion and conscientiousness on action control regarding both moderate and vigorous physical activity within the framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Prospective data were available from 186 respondents, who completed measures of intention, cognitive and affective attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, extroversion, conscientiousness, and physical activity at T1. Four weeks later, physical activity was assessed again. Respondents were grouped into four profiles: nonintenders, successful nonintenders, unsuccessful intenders, and successful intenders. Logistic regression analyses revealed that successful enactment in moderate physical activity was associated with extroversion, subjective norm, and affective attitude, whereas successful enactment in vigorous physical activity was associated with conscientiousness. Findings illustrate the differential role played by personality dimensions and TPB concepts in the explanation of moderate and vigorous physical activity action control.

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A Meta-Analytic Review of the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior in Physical Activity: Predictive Validity and the Contribution of Additional Variables

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.24.1.3 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 3-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 748

Author(s):

Martin S. Hagger ◽

Nikos L.D. Chatzisarantis ◽

Stuart J.H. Biddle

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Reasoned Action ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Past Behavior ◽

Path Analyses ◽

Analytic Review ◽

Quantitative Integration

The aim of the present study was to examine relations between behavior, intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, and past behavior across studies using the Theories of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Planned Behavior (TPB) in a physical activity context. Meta-analytic techniques were used to correct the correlations between the TRA/TPB constructs for statistical artifacts across 72 studies, and path analyses were conducted to examine the pattern of relationships among the variables. Results demonstrated that the TRA and TPB both exhibited good fit with the corrected correlation matrices, but the TPB accounted for more variance in physical activity intentions and behavior. In addition, self-efficacy explained unique variance in intention, and the inclusion of past behavior in the model resulted in the attenuation of the intention-behavior, attitude-intention, self-efficacy-intention, and self-efficacy-behavior relationships. There was some evidence that the study relationships were moderated by attitude-intention strength and age, but there was a lack of homogeneity in the moderator groups. It was concluded that the major relationships of the TRA/TPB were supported in this quantitative integration of the physical activity literature, and the inclusion of self-efficacy and past behavior are important additions to the model.

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