The Effects of Self-Presentation on Perceived Exertion

This study was designed to examine the audience-pleasing and self-constructional aspects of self-presentation on perceived exertion. Subjects performed two 18-min sessions on a cycle ergometer at light, moderate, and heavy workloads, during which perceived exertion and heart rate were collected. Each subject participated in a male and female experimenter condition. Males reported significantly lower perceived exertion in the female experimenter condition at the heavy load, compared to the same load in the male experimenter condition. There were no other significant differences for males or females at any of the workloads in either condition. Responses on the Self-Monitoring Inventory were used to assign subjects to either a high or low self-construction group. Results indicated that high self-constructors recorded significantly lower perceived exertion, compared to low self-constructors, at the low and moderate workloads.

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The Effects of Sensory Deprivation and Music on Perceived Exertion and Affect During Exercise

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.12.2.167 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 167-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Stephen H. Boutcher ◽

Michele Trenske

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Sensory Deprivation ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Control Deprivation

This study examined the effects of sensory deprivation and music on perceived exertion and affect. Volunteer women (N=24) performed three 18-min sessions on a cycle ergometer at light, moderate, and heavy workloads during which perceived exertion, affect, and heart rate were monitored. Each subject participated in a control, deprivation, and music condition. No significant differences where found in heart rate between conditions. In contrast, significantly lower perceived exertion existed during the music compared to the deprived condition at the low workload. Similarly, there was lower perceived exertion during the music compared to the control condition at the moderate workload. Also, significantly greater levels of affect were observed during the music compared to the deprived condition at the moderate and heavy workloads. It was concluded that the influence of music and deprivation on perceived exertion and affect was load dependent. These results are discussed with regard to informational processing models of sensory and psychological input.

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The Dark Triad and the self-presentation variables of socially desirable responding and self-monitoring

Personality and Individual Differences ◽

10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 ◽

pp. 234-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Christopher Marcin Kowalski ◽

Radosław Rogoza ◽

Philip A. Vernon ◽

Julie Aitken Schermer

Keyword(s):

Dark Triad ◽

The Self ◽

Socially Desirable Responding ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Self Presentation

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Does the musical tempo enhance physical performance?

Psychology of Music ◽

10.1177/0305735620904777 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 030573562090477

Author(s):

Jorge A Aburto-Corona ◽

J A de Paz ◽

José Moncada-Jiménez ◽

Bryan Montero-Herrera ◽

Luis M Gómez-Miranda

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Young Adults ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Young Male ◽

Constant Speed ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Male And Female ◽

Musical Tempo

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the musical tempo on heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and distance run (DR) during a treadmill aerobic test in young male and female adults. Participants ran on the treadmill listening to music at 140 beats per minute (bpm; M140), 120 bpm (M120), or without music (NM). No significant sex differences were found on HR (M140 = 172.6 ± 12.7, M120 = 171.9 ± 11.1, NM = 170.1 ± 12.2 bpm, p = .312), RPE (M140 = 7.5 ± 1.4, M120 = 7.6 ± 1.3, NM = 7.6 ± 1.2, p = .931), or DR (M140 = 4,791.4 ± 2,681.1, M120 = 4,900.0 ± 2,916.9, NM = 4,356.1 ± 2,571.2 m, p = .715). Differences were found in the effect of tempo on HR between condition M140 and NM (172.6 ± 12.7 vs. 170.1 ± 12.2 bpm, p = .044, η2 = 0.32). In conclusion, musical tempo does not affect performance, physiological, or perceptual variables in young adults exercising on a treadmill at a constant speed.

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Perceived Exertion during Physical Exercise among Individuals High and Low in Fitness

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1996.82.2.419 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 419-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Antonios K. Travlos ◽

Daniel Q. Marisi

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Core Temperature ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Workload Analysis ◽

Fitness Level

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of fitness level and gradually increased amounts of exercise on individuals' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). 20 men served as paid subjects. They were divided into groups of high (>56 ml/kg/min.) and low fitness (<46 ml/kg/min.) according to their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Participants were required to pedal on a cycle ergometer at a progressively increased workload (every 10 min.) corresponding to 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of individual VO2 max values. Heart rates, RPE, and core temperatures were recorded every 5th minute after the initiation of exercising at a specific workload. Analysis indicated that, when controlling for VO2 max values, elevations of heart rate and core temperature were not affected by fitness. However, highly fit individuals perceived themselves under less exertion than did the group low in fitness. Correlations showed that, taking into consideration fitness, there is a stronger relationship between RPE and heart rate and RPE and core temperature for the highly fit individuals than for the less fit.

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Training Characteristics of Male and Female Professional Road Cyclists: A 4-Year Retrospective Analysis

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2019-0320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 534-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Teun van Erp ◽

Dajo Sanders ◽

Jos J. de Koning

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Load ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Intensity ◽

Male And Female ◽

Stress Score ◽

Training Stress ◽

Training Impulse

Purpose: To describe the training intensity and load characteristics of professional cyclists using a 4-year retrospective analysis. Particularly, this study aimed to describe the differences in training characteristics between men and women professional cyclists. Method: For 4 consecutive years, training data were collected from 20 male and 10 female professional cyclists. From those training sessions, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and power output (PO) were analyzed. Training intensity distribution as time spent in different heart rate and PO zones was quantified. Training load was calculated using different metrics such as Training Stress Score, training impulse, and session rating of perceived exertion. Standardized effect size is reported as Cohen’s d. Results: Small to large higher values were observed for distance, duration, kilojoules spent, and (relative) mean PO in men’s training (d = 0.44–1.98). Furthermore, men spent more time in low-intensity zones (ie, zones 1 and 2) compared with women. Trivial differences in training load (ie, Training Stress Score and training impulse) were observed between men’s and women’s training (d = 0.07–0.12). However, load values expressed per kilometer were moderately (d = 0.67–0.76) higher in women compared with men’s training. Conclusions: Substantial differences in training characteristics exist between male and female professional cyclists. Particularly, it seems that female professional cyclists compensate their lower training volume, with a higher training intensity, in comparison with male professional cyclists.

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Accuracy and Reproducibility of an Exercise Prescription Based on Ratings of Perceived Exertion for Treadmill and Cycle Ergometer Exercise

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1335 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 78 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1335-1344 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Christopher C. Dunbar ◽

Carole Goris ◽

Donald W. Michielli ◽

Michael I. Kalinski

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Exercise Prescription ◽

Treadmill Exercise ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Cycle Ergometer Exercise ◽

Ergometer Exercise ◽

Target Intensity

The accuracy of regularing exercise intensity by Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was examined. Subjects underwent 4 production trials, 2 on a treadmill (PIA, P1B) and 2 on a cycle ergometer (P2A, P2B). 9 untrained subjects used only their perceptions of effort to regulate exercise intensity. Target intensity was the RPE equivalent to 60% VO2mx. Exercise intensity (VO2) during P1A, P1B, and P2A did not differ from the target, but during P2B was lower than target. During P1A and P1B heart rate did not differ from the target but was lower than target during P2A and P2B. RPE seems a valid means of regulating exercise intensity during repeated bouts of treadmill exercise at 60% VO2max; however, exercise intensity during repeated bouts on the cycle ergometer may be lower than target.

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Video-Assisted Cycling Alters Perception of Effort and Increases Self-Selected Exercise Intensity

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1998.86.3.915 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 915-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Robert A. Robergs ◽

Selda Bereket ◽

Melissa A. Knight

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Randomized Trials ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Perceived Effort ◽

Video Assisted ◽

Video Condition

Two studies were conducted to assess whether indoor video-assisted cycling influenced a person's quality of exercise (subjectively and quantitatively), compared to indoor cycling alone. In the first study 12 recreationally active subjects completed an initial test of VO2max, and three randomized trials of cycling at 70% VO2max (35 min.) watching a commercial cycling tape (cycle video), a test pattern displayed on the ergometer screen (blank video), or no video. Subjects' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and Affect were recorded, and heart rate and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured during testing. The second study required 12 different subjects first to complete an assessment of VO2max and then two randomized trials (cycle video and no video) on a cycle ergometer where they freely set the intensity of their own exercise. Measurements of VO2, heart rate, blood lactate, power output, RPE, and Affect were recorded during testing. Results of Exp. 1 indicated that subjects' perceived effort equally between the two conditions, yet reported significantly ( p <.05) higher affect at 25 and 35 min. of cycling during the cycle video condition than no video condition. Results of Exp. 2 indicated that despite similar levels of blood lactate, subjects exercised at a significantly higher intensity during the cycle video condition compared to no video condition, with a higher VO2 and heart rate. The data support the use of indoor exercise videos to improve the exercise experience and also to increase the physiological demands of indoor exercise.

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Temperature effects on ventilatory rate, heart rate, and preferred pedal rate during cycle ergometry

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1995.79.3.781 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 781-785 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. Leweke ◽

K. Bruck ◽

H. Olschewski

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Sweat Rate ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

O2 Uptake ◽

Experimental Time ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Pedal Rate ◽

Rate Of Perceived Exertion

According to the most customary exercise protocols, core temperature (Tc) rises in parallel with workload (WL) and experimental time. Physiological variables, however, may be related to each of these factors. To investigate effects of WL independent of experimental time and body temperature, we employed four moderate WLs in 4-min steps between 35 and 65% peak O2 uptake (VO2 peak) in randomized order. To investigate independent effects of body temperature, the same work protocol was performed both after resting in comfortable ambient temperature [control test (Cont)] and after a double cold exposure [precooling test (Pret)], where Tc and the temperature set point are decreased by approximately 0.6 and 0.3 degrees C, respectively. Eight male subjects (24 +/- 1.9 yr, VO2 peak 4.9 +/- 0.5 l/min) worked on a cycle ergometer in a climatic chamber. Heart rate (HR) and breathing frequency (BF), but not preferred pedal rate (PR), were positively correlated to Tc, the slopes amounting to 17 and 3.75 min-1/degree C for HR and BF, respectively. The regression appeared linear over the whole temperature range, and the regression lines were not shifted by precooling. PR was increased by time, but Pret-Cont differences of PR and Tc were inversely correlated (r = -0.50, P < 0.01). The effects of WL were highly significant on HR, O2 uptake, and rate of perceived exertion but not on BF, PR, and sweat rate. The relation of rate of perceived exertion to HR was shifted by precooling.

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Bicycle Crank Length

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193127602001802 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 20 (18) ◽

pp. 415-421

Author(s):

V. John Gross ◽

Corwin A. Bennett

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Young Male ◽

Bicycle Ergometer ◽

Adult Males ◽

Heavy Load ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Male Subjects ◽

Crank Length

An experiment was conducted varying bicycle crank length as a ratio of cyclist's crotch height over a range from 0.17 to 0.23. A light and a heavy load were used with ten young male subjects. Heart rate, oxygen consumption and perceived exertion measures were taken during bicycle ergometer pedaling sessions. All measures showed the superiority of a crank length of about 0.20 of crotch height (0.10 of standing height). A change of crank length of three percentage points of crotch height increases energy expenditure by one kcal/minute. The standard crank is too long for 60% of adult males and almost 100% of females. Varied crank lengths or adjustable cranks should be made available.

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