Social Facilitation of Young Children's Dynamic Balance Performance

Dynamic balance performance of young children (ages 4, 6, and 8) was assessed in three social situations: alone (only with tester present); coaction (one other child performing at the same time); and spectators (five other observer children present). Within each age and gender, children (N = 120) were classified as of higher or lower comparative skill. Each balance task performed (walking forward and backward on a line, a narrow beam or a wide beam) was classified as representing easier or more difficult tasks for each child individually. Findings (p ≤ .05) indicated that the facilitation effects of social situations strengthened over age, with spectators producing increments in performance for children of higher skill (especially boys) and decrements in performance for the lower skilled children (both boys and girls). Coaction resulted in positive effects regardless of skill level.

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A Dynamic Balance Measure for Persons with Severe and Profound Mental Retardation

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1993.76.2.619 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 619-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

James L. DePaepe ◽

Sue Ciccaglione

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Balance Performance ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Gender

The present study's purpose was to probe into the reliability and validity measurement of dynamic balance for individuals with IQs below 29. The 91 subjects were asked to complete the Papcsy-DePaepe test and the Bruininks test according to each test's protocol. Correlations of odd-even scores produced a reliability of .98 for the Papcsy-DePaepe test. Concurrent validity was indicated by a Pearson product-moment correlation of .64 between the two tests. Subsequent 3 × 2 × 2 multivariate analyses of variance confirmed a significant difference between the two tests and that retardation was associated with balance performance although age and gender were not.

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Single-Leg Balance Performance in Sub-Elite Young Soccer Players and Swimmers as a Function of Age and Sports Experience

Journal of Motor Learning and Development ◽

10.1123/jmld.2018-0055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 374-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter Leinen ◽

Thomas Muehlbauer ◽

Stefan Panzer

Keyword(s):

Center Of Pressure ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Force Plate ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Functional Specialization ◽

Balance Performance ◽

Balance Test ◽

Balance Task ◽

Anterior Posterior

The present study investigated if accumulated, advanced, regular soccer practice (balance-demanding exercise) compared to regular swim practice (non-balance–demanding exercise) induces a more pronounced functional specialization in postural control. Therefore, single-leg balance performance in sub-elite young soccer players (under 13 [U13]: n = 16; U15: n = 18; U19: n = 15), and sub-elite young swimmers (U13: n = 7; U15: n = 4; U19: n = 5) was tested in different balance task conditions (i.e., static and dynamic balance on firm and foam surface). All athletes practiced 3–10 times per week. Single-leg balance of the dominant and non-dominant leg was measured using a force plate. The standard deviation of the center of pressure displacements in anterior-posterior and medio-lateral directions were used as dependent variables. Irrespective of age groups and type of sport, the results failed to indicate significant leg differences in single-leg balance performance. The soccer players showed significant better single-leg balance performance in anterior-posterior direction in the dynamic balance test on the firm and foam surface compared to the swimmers. Functional specialization was accompanied by the type of sport but not by accumulated practice.

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AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCE IN DYNAMIC POSTURAL BALANCE AGAINST TILTING PERTURBATION IN MEN AND WOMEN

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219519417400383 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (07) ◽

pp. 1740038 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JI-WON KIM ◽

YU-RI KWON ◽

GWANG-MOON EOM

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Postural Balance ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Related Difference ◽

Age Related ◽

And Gender

The aim of this study was to investigate how age and gender affect the dynamic postural balance during tilting perturbation. Fifty healthy subjects (15 young men, 13 young women, 11 elderly men and 11 elderly women) performed balance test on a movable force plate that tilted toe-up and toe-down. As outcome measures, maximum excursion and fluctuation were calculated from center of pressure (COP) data in the sagittal plane (anteroposterior). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc comparisons were performed for the outcome measures with the independent factors of age and gender. The elderly had a greater COP maximum excursion as compared to the young during both perturbations ([Formula: see text]). COP fluctuation showed significant interaction of age and gender only in toe-up perturbation ([Formula: see text]). Especially, age-related difference existed only in women ([Formula: see text]). These results suggest that elderly women have dynamic balance strategy with great and fluctuated sway in response to toe-up perturbation. The age-related changes in dynamic balance among women may be related to the greater fall rate of elderly women.

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Footwear Interventions

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/1030516 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 103 (6) ◽

pp. 516-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Anna L. Hatton ◽

Keith Rome ◽

John Dixon ◽

Denis J. Martin ◽

Patrick O. McKeon

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Balance Control ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

The Elderly ◽

Quiet Standing ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Balance Performance ◽

Dynamic Movement ◽

Balance Task ◽

Older Populations

Footwear interventions, including shoe insoles and foot orthoses, have the capacity to enhance balance control and gait in older people. This review assessed the evidence for the effect of footwear interventions on static and dynamic balance performance and gait in older populations and explored proposed theories for underlying sensorimotor and mechanical mechanisms. We searched the Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL (the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and AMED databases and conducted hand searches. Of 115 relevant articles screened, 14 met the predefined inclusion criteria. Articles were grouped into one of three categories based on balance task (static balance performance during quiet standing, dynamic balance performance during walking, and dynamic balance performance during perturbed standing or functional tasks) and were scored for methodological quality using the Downs and Black Quality Index tool. Footwear interventions seem to alter underlying strategies controlling static and dynamic movement patterns through a combination of sensorimotor and mechanical mechanisms in older people, including those with chronic sensory and musculoskeletal conditions. Evidence shows a consistent trend toward footwear interventions markedly improving lateral stability measures, which are predictors of falls in the elderly. In-depth investigation of neurophysiologic responses to footwear interventions is necessary to help confirm any sensorimotor adaptations. The long-term effects of footwear interventions on balance, gait, and the prevention of falls in older people require further investigation. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(6): 516–533, 2013)

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The effects of leg preference and leg dominance on static and dynamic balance performance in highly-trained tennis players

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259854

Author(s):

Žiga Kozinc ◽

Nejc Šarabon

Keyword(s):

Center Of Pressure ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Stability Index ◽

Static Balance ◽

Balance Performance ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Balance Task ◽

Time To Stabilization ◽

Leg Dominance ◽

Anterior Posterior

In this study, 90 (51 males, 39 females) tennis players performed single-leg quiet stance and single-leg landing tasks. For the static standing task, center-of pressure (CoP) velocities, amplitudes, frequency and area were calculated. For the landing tasks, time to stabilization as well as dynamic postural stability index were considered. The analysis of differences between the legs was done based on two methods for a priori determination of leg preference, one based on the preference of kicking a ball and one based on the preference for single-leg jumping. An additional analysis was done based on the leg dominance (determined post hoc), based on the observed performance of the tasks. In case of the classification based on kicking a ball, there was a statistically significantly lower CoP anterior-posterior velocity and anterior-posterior amplitude in static balance task (p ≤ 0.017; 0.17 ≤ d ≤ 0.28) for the preferred leg. The CoP frequency was higher in the preferred leg for both directions (p ≤ 0.002; 0.10 ≤ d ≤ 0.22). For the landing task, CoP medial-lateral time to stabilization was statistically significantly shorter for the preferred leg (0.28 ± 0.38 s) compared to the non-preferred leg (0.47 ± 0.60 s) (p = 0.012; d = 0.38). There were no differences between the legs for the landing task. Moreover, there were no differences between the legs when we used the preference based on jumping for either of the tasks (d ≤ 0.14). The differences between legs in terms of observed dominance were larger than the differences based on the preference, which stresses the need for clear distinction of limb preference and limb dominance in research and practice. Regarding the effect of leg preference, small differences in static balance may exist between the legs (when the preference is based on kicking a ball).

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