Hip-Muscle Activation during the Lunge, Single-Leg Squat, and Step-Up-and-Over Exercises

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha N. Boudreau ◽  
Maureen K. Dwyer ◽  
Carl G. Mattacola ◽  
Christian Lattermann ◽  
Tim L. Uhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Muscles ◽  
Single Leg Squat

Context:Functional exercises are often used in strengthening programs after lower extremity injury. Activation levels of the stabilizing hip muscles have not been documented.Objective:To document the progression of hip-muscle activation levels during 3 lower extremity functional exercises.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:44 healthy individuals, 22 women and 22 men.Intervention:Subjects, in 1 testing session, completed 3 trials each of the lunge (LUN), single-leg squat (SLSQ), and step-up-and-over (SUO) exercise.Main Outcome Measures:Root-mean-square muscle amplitude (% reference voluntary muscle contraction) was measured for 5 muscles during the 3 exercises: rectus femoris (RF), dominant and nondominant gluteus medius (GMed_D and GMed_ND), adductor longus (ADD), and gluteus maximus (GMX).Results:The RF, GMAX, and GMed_D were activated in a progression from least to greatest during the SUO, LUN, and SLSQ. The progression for the GMed_ND activation was from least to greatest during the SLSQ, SUO, and then LUN. Activation levels of the ADD showed no progression.Conclusion:Progressive activation levels were documented for muscles acting on the hip joint during 3 functional lower extremity exercises. The authors recommend using this exercise progression when targeting the hip muscles during lower extremity strengthening.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Multifactorial Approach Describing the Relationships Among Lower Extremity Alignment, Hip Muscle Activation, and Lower Extremity Joint Excursion

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh-Dung Nguyen ◽  
Sandra J. Shultz ◽  
Randy J. Schmitz ◽  
Richard M. Luecht ◽  
David H. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Femoral Anteversion ◽  
Navicular Drop ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Single Leg Squat ◽  
Multifactorial Approach ◽  
Hip Internal Rotation

Context: Multiple factors have been suggested to increase the risk of faulty dynamic alignments that predict noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Few researchers have examined this relationship using an integrated, multifactorial approach. Objective: To describe the relationship among static lower extremity alignment (LEA), hip muscle activation, and hip and knee motion during a single-leg squat. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty men (age = 23.9 ± 3.6 years, height = 178.5 ± 9.9 cm, mass = 82.0 ± 14.1 kg) and 30 women (age = 22.2 ± 2.6 years, height = 162.4 ± 6.3 cm, mass = 60.3 ± 8.1 kg). Main Outcome Measure(s): Pelvic angle, femoral anteversion, quadriceps angle, tibiofemoral angle, and genu recurvatum were measured to the nearest degree; navicular drop was measured to the nearest millimeter. The average root mean square amplitude of the gluteus medius and maximus muscles was assessed during the single-leg squat and normalized to the peak root mean square value during maximal contractions for each muscle. Kinematic data of hip and knee were also assessed during the single-leg squat. Structural equation modeling was used to describe the relationships among static LEA, hip muscle activation, and joint kinematics, while also accounting for an individual's sex and hip strength. Results: Smaller pelvic angle and greater femoral anteversion, tibiofemoral angle, and navicular drop predicted greater hip internal-rotation excursion and knee external-rotation excursion. Decreased gluteus maximus activation predicted greater hip internal-rotation excursion but decreased knee valgus excursion. No LEA characteristic predicted gluteus medius or gluteus maximus muscle activation during the single-leg squat. Conclusions: Static LEA, characterized by a more internally rotated hip and valgus knee alignment and less gluteus maximus activation, was related to commonly observed components of functional valgus collapse during the single-leg squat. This exploratory analysis suggests that LEA does not influence hip muscle activation in controlling joint motion during a single-leg squat.

scholarly journals Muscle activation during single leg squat is affected by position of the nonstance limb

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Khuu ◽  
Kari L. Loverro ◽  
Cara L. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Knee Kinetics ◽  
Hip Muscles ◽  
Single Leg Squat ◽  
Ascent Phase

ABSTRACT Context: The single leg squat (SLS) is appropriate for targeting activation, strengthening, and/or neuromuscular retraining of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and quadriceps. However, the effect of different non-stance leg positions on muscle activity has not been fully evaluated. Objective: To compare the muscle activity of selected stance leg hip muscles during the SLS with 3 non-stance leg positions: in front, in the middle, and in back. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Seventeen healthy adults. Main Outcome Measure(s): Surface EMG data of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, lateral hamstrings, medial hamstrings, rectus femoris, and TFL as well as kinetic data of the hip and knee were collected while participants performed the 3 SLS tasks. Mean muscle activation levels during the descent phase and ascent phase for the selected hip muscles were compared for the 3 tasks. Hip and knee kinetics in all 3 planes were also compared for the 3 tasks. Each variable of interest was analyzed using a separate linear regression model with a generalized estimating equations correction. Results: Muscle activation levels of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, medial hamstrings, rectus femoris, and TFL on the stance leg during descent, and the medial hamstrings and TFL during ascent were significantly different between SLS tasks. The greatest number of differences occurred between SLS-Front and SLS-Back. During descent, gluteal muscle activity was greater in SLS-Front and SLS-Middle than in SLS-Back. For both phases, TFL activity was greater during SLS-Front than both SLS-Middle and SLS-Back. Kinetic differences at the hip and knee between SLS tasks were also observed. Conclusion: The 3 SLS tasks have different muscle activation and kinetic profiles. Clinician and researchers can vary non-stance leg position during the SLS to manipulate muscle activation levels and tailor the exercise to assist with goals at different stages of rehabilitation.

Effect of side-sling plank exercise on trunk and hip muscle activation in subjects with gluteus medius weakness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Seung-Min Baik ◽  
Heon-Seock Cynn ◽  
Chung-Hwi Yi ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Jung-Hoon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Lumbar Multifidus ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Medial Rotation ◽  
Hip Muscles ◽  
Tensor Fasciae Latae

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of side-sling plank (SSP) exercises on trunk and hip muscle activation in subjects with gluteus medius (Gmed) weakness is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To quantify muscle activation of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), erector spinae (ES), lumbar multifidus (LM), Gmed, gluteus maximus (Gmax), and tensor fasciae latae (TFL) during SSP with three different hip rotations compared to side-lying hip abduction (SHA) exercise in subjects with Gmed weakness. METHODS: Twenty-two subjects with Gmed weakness were recruited. SHA and three types of SSP exercises were performed: SSP with neutral hip (SSP-N), hip lateral rotation (SSP-L), and hip medial rotation (SSP-M). Surface electromyography was used to measure the activation of the trunk and hip muscles. RESULTS: The trunk and hip muscles activations were generally significantly higher level during three SSP than SHA. SSP-M showed significantly lower EO activation while significantly higher ES and LM activation than SSP-L. Gmed activation was significantly higher during SSP-M than during SSP-L. TFL activation was significantly lower during SSP-M than during SSP-N and SSP-L. CONCLUSIONS: SSP could be prescribed for patients who have reduced Gmed strength after injuries. Especially, SSP-M could be applied for patients who have Gmed weakness with dominant TFL.

scholarly journals Hip-Muscle Activity in Men and Women During Resisted Side Stepping With Different Band Positions

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1071-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara L. Lewis ◽  
Hanna D. Foley ◽  
Theresa S. Lee ◽  
Justin W. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Trunk Inclination ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Few Data

ContextWeakness or decreased activation of the hip abductors and external rotators has been associated with lower extremity injury, especially in females. Resisted side stepping is commonly used to address hip weakness. Whereas multiple variations of this exercise are used clinically, few data exist regarding which variations to select.ObjectiveTo investigate differences in muscle-activation and movement patterns and determine kinematic and limb-specific differences between men and women during resisted side stepping with 3 resistive-band positions.DesignControlled laboratory study.SettingLaboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 22 healthy adults (11 men, 11 women; age = 22.8 ± 3.0 years, height = 171.6 ± 10.7 cm, mass = 68.5 ± 11.8 kg).Intervention(s)Participants side stepped with the resistive band at 3 locations (knees, ankles, feet).Main Outcome Measure(s)We collected surface electromyography of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and tensor fascia lata (TFL) for the moving and stance limbs during the concentric and eccentric phases. We also measured trunk inclination, hip and knee flexion, and hip-abduction excursion.ResultsHip-abductor activity was higher in women than in men (P ≤ .04). The pattern of TFL activity in the stance limb differed by sex. Women performed the exercise in greater forward trunk inclination (P = .009) and had greater hip excursion (P = .003). Gluteus maximus and medius activity increased when the band was moved from the knees to the ankles and from the ankles to the feet, whereas TFL activity increased only when the band was moved from the knees to the ankles. Findings were similar for both the stance and moving limbs, but the magnitudes of the changes differed.ConclusionsCompared with placing the band around the ankles, placing the band around the feet for resisted side stepping elicited more activity in the gluteal muscles without increasing TFL activity. This band placement is most appropriate when the therapeutic goal is to activate the muscles that resist hip adduction and internal rotation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Lower Extremity Kinematics and Hip Muscle Activation During Rehabilitation Tasks Between Sexes

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen K. Dwyer ◽  
Samantha N. Boudreau ◽  
Carl G. Mattacola ◽  
Timothy L. Uhl ◽  
Christian Lattermann
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises

Abstract Context: Closed kinetic chain exercises are an integral part of rehabilitation programs after lower extremity injury. Sex differences in lower extremity kinematics have been reported during landing and cutting; however, less is known about sex differences in movement patterns and activation of the hip musculature during common lower extremity rehabilitation exercises. Objective: To determine whether lower extremity kinematics and muscle activation levels differ between sexes during closed kinetic chain rehabilitation exercises. Design: Cross-sectional with 1 between-subjects factor (sex) and 1 within-subjects factor (exercise). Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Participants included 21 women (age  =  23 ± 5.8 years, height  =  167.6 ± 5.1 cm, mass  =  63.7 ± 5.9 kg) and 21 men (age  =  23 ± 4.0 years, height  =  181.4 ± 7.4 cm, mass  =  85.6 ± 16.5 kg). Intervention(s): In 1 testing session, participants performed 3 trials each of single-leg squat, lunge, and step-up-and-over exercises. Main Outcome Measure(s): We recorded the peak joint angles (degrees) of knee flexion and valgus and hip flexion, extension, adduction, and external rotation for each exercise. We also recorded the electromyographic activity of the gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, adductor longus, and bilateral gluteus medius muscles for the concentric and eccentric phases of each exercise. Results: Peak knee flexion angles were smaller and peak hip extension angles were larger for women than for men across all tasks. Peak hip flexion angles during the single-leg squat were smaller for women than for men. Mean root-mean-square amplitudes for the gluteus maximus and rectus femoris muscles in both the concentric and eccentric phases of the 3 exercises were greater for women than for men. Conclusions: Sex differences were observed in sagittal-plane movement patterns during the rehabilitation exercises. Because of the sex differences observed in our study, future researchers need to compare the findings for injured participants by sex to garner a better representation of altered kinematic angles and muscle activation levels due to injury.

Hip- and Trunk-Muscle Activation Patterns During Perturbed Gait

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Stanek ◽  
Todd A. McLoda ◽  
Val J. Csiszer ◽  
A.J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Unexpected Perturbation

Context:Selected muscles in the kinetic chain may help explain the body’s ability to avert injury during unexpected perturbation.Objective:To determine the activation of the ipsilateral rectus femoris (RF), gluteus maximus (MA), gluteus medius (ME), and contralateral external obliques (EO) during normal and perturbed gait.Design:Single-factor, repeated measures.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:32 physically active, college-age subjects.Intervention:Subjects walked a total of 20 trials the length of a 6.1-m custom runway capable of releasing either side into 30° of unexpected inversion. During 5 trials, the platform released into inversion.Main Outcome Measures:Average, peak, and time to peak EMG were analyzed across the 4 muscles, and comparisons were made between the walking trials and perturbed trials.Results:Significantly higher average and peak muscle activity were noted for the perturbed condition for RF, MA, and EO. Time to peak muscle activity was faster during the perturbed condition for the EO.Conclusion:Rapid contractions of selected postural muscles in the kinetic chain help explain the body’s reaction to unexpected perturbation.

Muscle Activation Levels of the Gluteus Maximus and Medius During Standing Hip-Joint-Strengthening Exercises Using Elastic-Tubing Resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Youdas ◽  
Kady E. Adams ◽  
John E. Bertucci ◽  
Koel J. Brooks ◽  
Meghan M. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Muscle Recruitment ◽  
Gluteus Medius Muscle ◽  
The Cross

Context:No published studies have compared muscle activation levels simultaneously for the gluteus maximus and medius muscles of stance and moving limbs during standing hip-joint strengthening while using elastic-tubing resistance.Objective:To quantify activation levels bilaterally of the gluteus maximus and medius during resisted lower-extremity standing exercises using elastic tubing for the cross-over, reverse cross-over, front-pull, and back-pull exercise conditions.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:26 active and healthy people, 13 men (25 ± 3 y) and 13 women (24 ± 1 y).Intervention:Subjects completed 3 consecutive repetitions of lower-extremity exercises in random order.Main Outcome Measures:Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were normalized to peak activity in the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) trial and expressed as a percentage. Magnitudes of EMG recruitment were analyzed with a 2 × 4 repeated-measures ANOVA for each muscle (α = .05).Results:For the gluteus maximus an interaction between exercise and limb factor was significant (F3,75 = 21.5; P < .001). The moving-limb gluteus maximus was activated more than the stance limb's during the back-pull exercise (P < .001), and moving-limb gluteus maximus muscle recruitment was greater for the back-pull exercise than for the cross-over, reverse cross-over, and front-pull exercises (P < .001). For the gluteus medius an interaction between exercise and limb factor was significant (F3,75 = 3.7; P < .03). Gluteus medius muscle recruitment (% MVIC) was greater in the stance limb than moving limb when performing the front-pull exercise (P < .001). Moving-limb gluteus medius muscle recruitment was greater for the reverse cross-over exercise than for the cross-over, front-pull, and back-pull exercises (P < .001).Conclusions:From a clinical standpoint there is no therapeutic benefit to selectively activate the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles on the stance limb by resisting sagittal- and frontal-plane hip movements on the moving limb using resistance supplied by elastic tubing.

scholarly journals Passive knee exoskeletons in functional tasks: Biomechanical effects of a SpringExo coil-spring on squats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rand Hidayah ◽  
Dongbao Sui ◽  
Kennedi A. Wade ◽  
Biing-Chwen Chang ◽  
Sunil Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Coil Spring ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Muscle Activations

Abstract Passive wearable exoskeletons are desirable as they can provide assistance during user movements while still maintaining a simple and low-profile design. These can be useful in industrial tasks where an ergonomic device could aid in load lifting without inconveniencing them and reducing fatigue and stress in the lower limbs. The SpringExo is a coil-spring design that aids in knee extension. In this paper, we describe the muscle activation of the knee flexors and extensors from seven healthy participants during repeated squats. The outcome measures are the timings of the key events during squat, flexion angle, muscle activation of rectus femoris and bicep femoris, and foot pressure characteristics of the participants. These outcome measures assess the possible effects of the device during lifting operations where reduced effort in the muscles is desired during ascent phase of the squat, without changing the knee and foot kinematics. The results show that the SpringExo significantly decreased rectus femoris activation during ascent (−2%) without significantly affecting either the bicep femoris or rectus femoris muscle activations in descent. This implies that the user could perform a descent without added effort and ascent with reduced effort. The exoskeleton showed other effects on the biomechanics of the user, increasing average squat time (+0.02 s) and maximum squat time (+0.1 s), and decreasing average knee flexion angle (−4°). The exoskeleton has no effect on foot loading or placement, that is, the user did not have to revise their stance while using the device.

Lower-Extremity Muscle Activity During Aquatic and Land Treadmill Running at the Same Speeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Matthew Silvers ◽  
Eadric Bressel ◽  
D. Clark Dickin ◽  
Garry Killgore ◽  
Dennis G. Dolny
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Context:Muscle activation during aquatic treadmill (ATM) running has not been examined, despite similar investigations for other modes of aquatic locomotion and increased interest in ATM running.Objectives:The objectives of this study were to compare normalized (percentage of maximal voluntary contraction; %MVC), absolute duration (aDUR), and total (tACT) lower-extremity muscle activity during land treadmill (TM) and ATM running at the same speeds.Design:Exploratory, quasi-experimental, crossover design.Setting:Athletic training facility.Participants:12 healthy recreational runners (age = 25.8 ± 5 y, height = 178.4 ± 8.2 cm, mass = 71.5 ± 11.5 kg, running experience = 8.2 ± 5.3 y) volunteered for participation.Intervention:All participants performed TM and ATM running at 174.4, 201.2, and 228.0 m/min while surface electromyographic data were collected from the vastus medialis, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and biceps femoris.Main Outcome Measures:For each muscle, a 2 × 3 repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the main effects and environment–speed interaction (P ≤ .05) of each dependent variable: %MVC, aDUR, and tACT.Results:Compared with TM, ATM elicited significantly reduced %MVC (−44.0%) but increased aDUR (+213.1%) and tACT (+41.9%) in the vastus medialis, increased %MVC (+48.7%) and aDUR (+128.1%) in the rectus femoris during swing phase, reduced %MVC (−26.9%) and tACT (−40.1%) in the gastrocnemius, increased aDUR (+33.1%) and tACT (+35.7%) in the tibialis anterior, and increased aDUR (+41.3%) and tACT (+29.2%) in the biceps femoris. At faster running speeds, there were significant increases in tibialis anterior %MVC (+8.6−15.2%) and tACT (+12.7−17.0%) and rectus femoris %MVC (12.1−26.6%; swing phase).Conclusion:No significant environment–speed interaction effects suggested that observed muscle-activity differences between ATM and TM were due to environmental variation, ie, buoyancy (presumed to decrease %MVC) and drag forces (presumed to increase aDUR and tACT) in the water.

scholarly journals Effect of Global Postural Reeducation Exercise on Pain and Hip Muscle Flexibility in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Movement Control Dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Bahram Sheikhi
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Hip Muscles ◽  
Tensor Fasciae Latae

Introduction: Patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) and movement control dysfunction demonstrate alternation in hip muscles flexibility and spinal movement patterns. Therapeutic modalities that augment hip muscles flexibility could help these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of global postural reeducation (GPR) on pain and hip muscle flexibility in patients with NSLBP and movement control dysfunction. Materials and Methods: A total of 27 men with a mean age of 31.21±2.5147 years, height of 166.44±6.11 cm, and weight of 64.21±5.25 kg participated in this study. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain. The flexibility of hip muscles (rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, external rotators and hamstring) was measured using universal goniometer. All data were assessed at baseline and after the intervention. The Shapiro-Wilk test and paired t test were used for statistical analysis at significance level of P=0.05. Results: Our results revealed a decline in pain (P<0.004) and an increase in the flexibility of the hamstring muscles in the right (P<0.003) and left (P<0.003) legs. There were no statistically significant differences in the flexibility of rectus femoris muscle, external rotators, and tensor fasciae latae. Conclusion: The results suggest that GPR had a significant effect on the level of pain. Further, it affected the flexibility of hamstring muscles in legs. Using GPR is recommended for pain relief and improving the flexibility of hamstring muscles in patients with NSLBP.

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