Shoulder Muscle Activation Levels During the Push-Up-Plus Exercise on Stable and Unstable Surfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela J.B. Torres ◽  
André L.T. Pirauá ◽  
Vinícius Y.S. Nascimento ◽  
Priscila S. dos Santos ◽  
Natália B. Beltrão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Push Up

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of the use of stable and unstable surfaces on electromyography (EMG) activity and coactivation of the scapular and upper-limb muscles during the push-up plus (with full protraction of the scapula). Muscle activation of anterior deltoid (AD), posterior deltoid (PD), pectoralis major, biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA) levels and coactivation index were determined by surface EMG in 20 young men during push-up plus performed on a stable and unstable condition (2 unstable devices applied to hands and feet). The paired t test and Cohen d were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that during the execution of the push-up plus on the unstable surface an increased EMG activity of the scapular stabilizing muscles (SA, MT, and LT) was observed, while AD and PD muscles showed a decrease. During exercise execution on the unstable surface there was a higher index of coactivation of the scapular muscles (SA–MT and UT–LT pairs). No significant differences were observed in TB–BB and AD–PD pairs. These results suggest that the push-up-plus exercise associated with unstable surfaces produced greater EMG activity levels and coactivation index of the scapular stabilizing muscle. On the other hand, the use of an unstable surface does not promote the same effect for the shoulder muscles.

Shoulder Muscle Activation Levels During Exercises With Axial and Rotational Load on Stable and Unstable Surfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Yan Santos Nascimento ◽  
Rafaela Joyce Barbosa Torres ◽  
Natália Barros Beltrão ◽  
Priscila Soares dos Santos ◽  
André Luiz Torres Pirauá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Rotational Load

This study evaluated the effects of instability on the EMG activity of scapular stabilizing and upper limb muscles during exercises with axial and rotational load. Twenty male volunteers (20.9 ± 1.8 years, 174.1 ± 0.04 cm, 73.17 ± 8.77 kg) experienced in strength training participated in a crossover design. Muscle activation of anterior deltoid (AD), posterior deltoid (PD), pectoralis major (PM), biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA) were determined on both conditions. Participants performed a single series of 10 repetitions of bench press and fly exercises on stable (bench) and unstable (proprioceptive disc) conditions at 60% of 1-RM. The Friedman test and post hoc Dunn’s indicated that the unstable condition showed greater EMG activity for AD (P = .001) and BB (P = .002) on the fly exercise, SA (P = .001) and LT (P = .048) on the bench press, and PM (P ≤ .002) on both exercises. These results show that using an unstable surface in exercises with rotational load provides superior EMG activity of the agonist muscles, while in exercise with axial load, the instability favors EMG activity of the scapular stabilizing muscles.

Muscle activation and biceps brachii strength under manual fixation of the scapula and different loading conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sungjoon Yun ◽  
Yongwook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Exercise Condition ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Flexion Force

BACKGROUND: Few studies have reported the contribution of isometric-specific exercise of the biceps brachii muscle to increased strength under manual fixation of the scapula. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the activation amplitude of the biceps brachii (BB), serratus anterior (SA), and upper trapezius (UT) in a supine lying posture based on various exercise conditions. METHODS: The EMG activity of BB, SA, and UT was measured in 25 healthy adults while performing maximal elbow flexion exercise with or without manual stabilization of the scapula in two different loading conditions. RESULTS: Muscle activation of the BB was significantly greater when performed with manual fixation of the scapula under the wrist-loading exercise condition (p< 0.05) but manual fixation of the scapula or absence thereof did not have an effect. Elbow flexion force was significantly increased when applying manual fixation to the scapula in both the hand and wrist-loading exercise conditions (p< 0.05). There were no interaction effects between exercise conditions and manual fixation (with or without) in any of the EMG activation values (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Manual stabilization of the scapula is a useful therapeutic technique to increase BB strength. Such an intervention may also be indicated for accurate strength measurement of this muscle.

Effects of Push-Up Exercise Phase and Surface Stability on Activation of the Scapulothoracic Musculature

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-yeon Park ◽  
Won-gyu Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Surface Stability ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Unstable Support ◽  
Support Surfaces ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Push Up

Objective:The purpose of this study was to measure muscle activation during ascending and descending phases of the push-up exercise on both stable and unstable support surfaces.Participants:Fourteen asymptomatic male amateur badminton players. During push-up exercises on stable and unstable bases, muscle activation measurements were collected with phase divisions (ascending and descending phase).Methods:Electromyography (EMG) was utilized to measure activation of the upper trapezius (UT) and lower trapezius (LT), middle serratus anterior (MSA) and lower serratus anterior (LSA), pectoralis major (PM), and triceps brachii (TB) muscles.Results:An unstable support surface produced significantly greater activation of the UT, LT, LSA, and PM muscles than a stable support surface (p < 0.05). The MSA, LSA, TB, and PM muscles demonstrated greater activation during the ascending phase than the descending phase of the push-up exercise (p < 0.05).Conclusions:The unstable support surface appeared to produce relatively greater activation of the LSA than that of the MSA. The descending phase of the push-up did not demonstrate a higher level of activation for any of the muscles tested.

Scapulothoracic Muscle Activation on Stable and Unstable Support Surfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-yeon Park ◽  
Won-gyu Yoo ◽  
Hun Kwon ◽  
Dong-hyun Kim ◽  
Si-eun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Unstable Support ◽  
Support Surfaces ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Push Up

Activation of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and triceps brachii muscles was measured, while center of pressure excursion beneath the hands was simultaneously monitored, during the performance of a push-up exercise on both a stable and an unstable base of support. The activation levels of all muscles were significantly greater for the unstable support surface when compared to those for a stable support surface (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between activation of the serriatus anterior muscle and center of pressure excursion (r = -0.64, p < 0.05). Performance of the push-up exercise on an unstable support surface appears to elicit greater muscle activation than a standard push-up exercise performed on a stable support surface.

Shoulder Muscular Activity During Isometric Three-Point Kneeling Exercise on Stable and Unstable Surfaces

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cappato de Araújo ◽  
Rodrigo de Andrade ◽  
Helga Tatiana Tucci ◽  
Jaqueline Martins ◽  
Anamaria Siriani de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Force Output ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Stable Surface ◽  
Swiss Ball

The purpose of this study was to determine if performing isometric 3-point kneeling exercises on a Swiss ball influenced the isometric force output and EMG activities of the shoulder muscles when compared with performing the same exercises on a stable base of support. Twenty healthy adults performed the isometric 3-point kneeling exercises with the hand placed either on a stable surface or on a Swiss ball. Surface EMG was recorded from the posterior deltoid, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, upper trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles using surface differential electrodes. All EMG data were reported as percentages of the average root mean square (RMS) values obtained in maximum voluntary contractions for each muscle studied. The highest load value was obtained during exercise on a stable surface. A significant increase was observed in the activation of glenohumeral muscles during exercises on a Swiss ball. However, there were no differences in EMG activities of the scapulothoracic muscles. These results suggest that exercises performed on unstable surfaces may provide muscular activity levels similar to those performed on stable surfaces, without the need to apply greater external loads to the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, exercises on unstable surfaces may be useful during the process of tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Serratus Anterior and Upper Trapezius Electromyographic Analysis of the Push-Up Plus Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1156-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Jie Kang ◽  
Hsiang-Ling Ou ◽  
Kun-Ying Lin ◽  
Jiu-Jenq Lin
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Stable Surface ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Push Up

Context Whereas the serratus anterior (SA) and the upper trapezius (UT) work as a force couple for scapular motion, weakness of the SA and overactivation of the UT are often present in overhead athletes with shoulder dysfunction. Therefore, researchers addressing an intramuscular imbalance between the SA and UT have focused on finding exercises that target the weak SA and minimally activate the UT. Objective To compare the effectiveness of push-up plus (PUP) exercise variants based on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the SA and UT. Data Sources A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus between January 1, 2000, and March 31, 2008. Study Selection Studies of PUP exercises that involved EMG analysis. Data Extraction We assessed study quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. For the systematic analysis, the following data were extracted: (1) author, year, and study design; (2) participant characteristics; (3) type of PUP intervention; (4) EMG outcome measures; and (5) main results. For the meta-analysis, the EMG data of the SA and UT were calculated using the mean difference of EMG activity with a 95% confidence interval. Data Synthesis Based on 19 studies with 356 participants, different hand positions (the distance between the hands, shoulder-flexion angle, and elbow-flexion angle) and different lower extremity positions variably affected the activation of the SA and UT during the PUP exercise. Also, when participants performed the PUP on an unstable surface compared with a stable surface, UT activity increased 2.74% (95% confidence interval = 0.07%, 5.41%). Conclusions The standard PUP exercise elicited high EMG activity of the SA. Participants generated higher SA and lower UT EMG activity when they performed the PUP exercise on a stable surface in full elbow extension, with the hands placed shoulder-width apart, shoulder-flexion angles of 110° or 120°, and the ipsilateral lower extremity lifted.

Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle Activation during Explosive Upper Body Movements

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert U. Newton ◽  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Keijo Häkkinen ◽  
Brendan J. Humphries ◽  
Aron J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Force Output ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Average Force

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematics, kinetics, and neural activation of the traditional bench press movement performed explosively and the explosive bench throw in which the barbell was projected from the hands. Seventeen male subjects completed three trials with a bar weight of 45% of the subject's previously determined 1RM. Performance was significantly higher during the throw movement compared to the press for average velocity, peak velocity, average force, average power, and peak power. Average muscle activity during the concentric phase for pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, and biceps brachii was higher for the throw condition. It was concluded that performing traditional press movements rapidly with light loads does not create ideal loading conditions for the neuromuscular system with regard to explosive strength production, especially in the final stages of the movement, because ballistic weight loading conditions where the resistance was accelerated throughout the movement resulted in a greater velocity of movement, force output, and EMG activity.

scholarly journals Guidelines for Working Heights of the Lower-Limb Exoskeleton (CEX) Based on Ergonomic Evaluations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5199
Author(s):  
Yong-Ku Kong ◽  
Chae-Won Park ◽  
Min-Uk Cho ◽  
Seoung-Yeon Kim ◽  
Min-Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Lower Limb Exoskeleton ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Subjective Discomfort

The aim of this study was to evaluate the muscle activities and subjective discomfort according to the heights of tasks and the lower-limb exoskeleton CEX (Chairless EXoskeleton), which is a chair-type passive exoskeleton. Twenty healthy subjects (thirteen males and seven females) participated in this experiment. The independent variables were wearing of the exoskeleton (w/ CEX, w/o CEX), working height (6 levels: 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 cm), and muscle type (8 levels: upper trapezius (UT), erector spinae (ES), middle deltoid (MD), triceps brachii (TB), biceps brachii (BB), biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), and tibialis anterior (TA)). The dependent variables were EMG activity (% MVC) and subjective discomfort rating. When wearing the CEX, the UT, ES, RF, and TA showed lower muscle activities at low working heights (40–80 cm) than not wearing the CEX, whereas those muscles showed higher muscle activities at high working heights (100–140 cm). Use of the CEX had a positive effect on subjective discomfort rating at lower working heights. Generally, lower discomfort was reported at working heights below 100 cm when using the CEX. At working heights of 100–140 cm, the muscle activity when wearing the CEX tended to be greater than when not wearing it. Thus, considering the results of this study, the use of the lower-limb exoskeleton (CEX) at a working height of 40–100 cm might reduce the muscle activity and discomfort of whole body and decrease the risk of related disorders.

Serratus Anterior Muscle Activation During Different Push-up Exercises: A Critically Appraised Topic

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Taylor Meier ◽  
Brice Snyder ◽  
Jennifer W. Cuchna ◽  
Johanna M. Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Full Weight Bearing ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Push Up

Clinical Question:In a healthy adult population, which push-up position produces the greatest mean serratus anterior (SA) activation, expressed as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)?Clinical Bottom Line:In a healthy population, there is moderate evidence to support the use of the standard push-up on an unstable surface, elbow push-ups on stable and unstable surfaces, wall push-ups on an unstable surface, the full weight-bearing position using the Cuff Link system, and all three hand positions (shoulder width, wide base, and narrow base) with and without the use of the Perfect Pushup™ handgrips for the purpose of SA strengthening. These exercises produced a mean SA activation of at least 50% of the MVIC in the four cross-sectional studies that were reviewed for this critically appraised topic.

scholarly journals Effects of Deep Dry Needling on Tremor Severity and Functionality in Stroke: A Case Report

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
José Antonio Ortín ◽  
Elisabeth Bravo-Esteban ◽  
Jaime Ibáñez ◽  
Pablo Herrero ◽  
Julio Gómez-Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Pinch Strength ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Upper Trapezius

This study aimed to determine the effect of one session of dry needling on the severity of tremor, motor function and skills, and quality of life of a 39-year-old woman with post-stroke tremor. Myofascial trigger points (MTrP) of the following muscles were treated: extensor digitorum, flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, brachioradialis, short head of biceps brachii, long head of triceps brachii, mid deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor, upper trapezius, and supraspinatus. Outcomes were assessed via (i) clinical scales (activity of daily living (ADL-T24), a visual analog scale (VAS), and the Archimedes spiral), (ii) a functional test (9-Hole Peg test), and (iii) biomechanical and neurophysiological measurements (inertial sensors, electromyography (EMG), and dynamometry). The subject showed a decrease in the severity of tremor during postural (72.7%) and functional (54%) tasks after treatment. EMG activity decreased after the session and returned to basal levels 4 days after. There was an improvement post-intervention (27.84 s) and 4 days after (32.43 s) in functionality and manual dexterity of the affected limb, measured with the 9-Hole Peg test, as well as in the patient’s hand and lateral pinch strength after the treatment (26.9% and 5%, respectively), that was maintained 4 days later (15.4% and 16.7%, respectively).

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