scholarly journals New Tracking System of Human Scapula Using Ultrasonography and Motion Sensors: A Descriptive Test–Retest Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Trinidad-Fernández ◽  
Manuel González-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
New Method

Context: Several studies have shown that the kinematics of the scapula is altered in many disorders that affect the shoulder. Description of scapular motion in the chest continues to be a scientific and clinical challenge. Objective: To check the validity and reliability of a new, minimally invasive method of tracking the internal and external rotation of the scapula using ultrasound imaging combined with the signal provided by a 3-dimensional electromagnetic sensor. Design: A cross-sectional study with a repeated-measures descriptive test–retest design was employed to evaluate this new tracking method. The new method was validated in vitro and the reliability of data over repeated measures between scapula positions was calculated in vivo. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: A total of 30 healthy men and women. Main Outcome Measure: The validation of the scapula rotation tracking using the in vitro model was calculated by Pearson correlation test between a 2-dimensional cross-correlation algorithm of the new method and another software image. The reliability of the tracking of the scapula rotation was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: In the validation in vitro, the correlation of rotations obtained by the 2 methods was good (r = .77, P = .01). The reliability in vivo had excellent results (intraclass correlation coefficient = .88; 95% confidence interval, .82–.93) in the test–retest analysis of 8 measures. The intrarater analysis of variance test showed no significant differences between the measures (P = .85, F = 0.46). Conclusion: Ultrasound imaging combined with a motion sensor to track the scapula has been shown to be a reliable and valid method for measuring internal and external rotation during separation of the upper limb.

scholarly journals Tibial Accelerations During the Single-Leg Hop Test: Influence of Fixation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hannah W. Tucker ◽  
Emily R. Tobin ◽  
Matthew F. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Hop Test

Context: Performance on single-leg hopping (SLH) assessments is commonly included within return-to-sport criteria for rehabilitating athletes. Triaxial accelerometers have been used to quantify impact loading in a variety of movements, including hopping; however, they have never been attached to the tibia during SLH, and their method of fixation has not been investigated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify triaxial accelerations and evaluate the influence of the fixation method of a lightweight inertial measurement unit (Blue Trident) mounted to the tibia during SLH performance. Design: Single cohort, repeated-measures experimental design. Participants: Sixteen healthy participants (10 females and 6 males; 20 [0.9] y; 1.67 [0.08] m; 66.0 [8.5] kg) met the inclusion criteria, volunteered, and completed this study. Interventions: Participants performed 2 sets of 3 SLH trials with an inertial measurement unit (1500 Hz) fixated to the tibia, each set with 1 of 2 attachment methods (double-sided tape [DST] with athletic tape and silicon strap [SS] with Velcro adhesion). Main Outcome Measures: Hop distance, peak tibial acceleration (PTA), time to PTA, and the acceleration slope were assessed during each hop landing. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance determined no significant effect of the attachment method on hop metrics (P = .252). Across 3 trials, both fixation methods (DST and SS) had excellent reliability values (intraclass correlation coefficient: .868–.941) for PTA and acceleration slope but not for time to PTA (intraclass correlation coefficient: .397–.768). The PTA for DST (27.22 [7.94] g) and SS (26.21 [10.48] g) was comparable and had a moderate, positive relationship (DST: r = .72, P < .01; SS: r = .77, P < .01) to SLH distance. Conclusions: Tibial inertial measurement units with triaxial accelerometers can reliably assess PTA during performance of the SLH, and SS is a viable alternative tibial attachment to DST.

scholarly journals Intra-rater reliability of transversus abdominis measurement by a novice examiner: Comparison of “freehand” to “probe force device” method of real-time ultrasound imaging

Ultrasound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa L Kennedy ◽  
Carol A Flavell ◽  
Kenji Doma
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Transverse Abdominis

A “free hand” real-time-ultrasound method is commonly applied to measure transversus abdominis. Potentially, this increases transversus abdominis measurement error due to uncontrolled variability in probe to skin force, inclination, and roll, particularly for novice examiners. This single-group repeated-measures reliability study compared the intra-rater reliability of transversus abdominis thickness and activation measurement by a novice examiner between free hand and a standardized probe force device method. The examiner captured ultrasound videos of transversus abdominis in a single session in healthy participants ( n =  33). Free hand ultrasound featured uncontrolled probe force, inclination, and roll, while probe force device method ultrasound standardized these parameters. Images of transversus abdominis at rest and contracted were measured and transversus abdominis activation calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, standard error of measurement, and worthwhile differences were calculated. The probe force device method resulted in greater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.75–0.96) and lower measurement error (coefficient of variation = 8.89–28.7%) compared to free hand (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.63–0.93; coefficient of variation = 6.52–29.4%). Reliability was good for all measurements except free hand TrA-C, which was moderate. TrA-C had the lowest reliability, followed by contracted thickness of the transverse abdominis, with resting thickness of the transverse abdominis being highest. Worthwhile differences were lower using a probe force device method versus free hand for resting thickness of the transverse abdominis and contracted thickness of the transverse abdominis and similar for TrA-C. Standardization using probe force device method ultrasound to measure transversus abdominis improved intra-rater reliability in a novice examiner. Use of a probe force device method is recommended to improve reliability through reduced sources of measurement error. Probe force device method intra- and inter-rater reliability in examiners of varying experience, in clinical populations, and to visualize other structures merits exploration.

scholarly journals In vivo electrical conductivity measurement of muscle, cartilage, and peripheral nerve around knee joint using MR-electrical properties tomography

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
Young Cheol Yoon ◽  
Hyun Su Kim ◽  
Jiyeong Lee ◽  
Eunju Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissues

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether in vivo MR-electrical properties tomography (MR-EPT) is feasible in musculoskeletal tissues by evaluating the conductivity of muscle, cartilage, and peripheral nerve around the knee joint, and to explore whether these measurements change after exercise. This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board. On February 2020, ten healthy volunteers provided written informed consent and underwent MRI of the right knee using a three-dimensional balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence. To test the effect of loading, the subjects performed 60 squatting exercises after baseline MRI, immediately followed by post-exercise MRI with the same sequences. After reconstruction of conductivity map based on the bSSFP sequence, conductivity of muscles, cartilages, and nerves were measured. Measurements between the baseline and post-exercise MRI were compared using the paired t-test. Test–retest reliability for baseline conductivity was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The baseline and post-exercise conductivity values (mean ± standard deviation) [S/m] of muscles, cartilages, and nerves were 1.73 ± 0.40 and 1.82 ± 0.50 (p = 0.048), 2.29 ± 0.47 and 2.51 ± 0.37 (p = 0.006), and 2.35 ± 0.57 and 2.36 ± 0.57 (p = 0.927), respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient for the baseline conductivity of muscles, cartilages, and nerves were 0.89, 0.67, and 0.89, respectively. In conclusion, in vivo conductivity measurement of musculoskeletal tissues is feasible using MR-EPT. Conductivity of muscles and cartilages significantly changed with an overall increase after exercise.

Reliability of 5 Novel Reaction Time and Cognitive Load Protocols

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Picha ◽  
Carolina Quintana ◽  
Amanda Glueck ◽  
Matt Hoch ◽  
Nicholas R. Heebner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Medicine Research

Context: Reaction time (RT) is crucial to athletic performance. Therefore, when returning athletes to play following injury, it is important to evaluate RT characteristics ensuring a safe return. The Dynavision D2® system may be utilized as an assessment and rehabilitation aid in the determination of RT under various levels of cognitive load. Previous research has demonstrated good reliability of simple protocols when assessed following a 24- to 48-hour test–retest window. Expanding reliable test–retest intervals may further refine novel RT protocols for use as a diagnostic and rehabilitation tool. Objective: To investigate the test–retest reliability of a battery of 5 novel RT protocols at different time intervals. Design: Repeated measures/reliability. Setting: Interdisciplinary sports medicine research laboratory. Participants: Thirty healthy individuals. Methods: Participants completed a battery of protocols increasing in difficulty in terms of reaction speed requirement and cognitive load. Prior to testing, participants were provided 3 familiarization trials. All protocols required participants to hit as many lights as quickly as possible in 60 seconds. After completing the initial testing session (session 1), participants waited 1 hour before completing the second session (session 2). Approximately 2 weeks later (average 14 [4] d), the participants completed the same battery of tasks for the third session (session 3). Main Outcome Measures: The intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and repeated-measures analysis of variance were calculated for RT. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient values for each of the 5 protocols illustrated good to excellent reliability between sessions 1, 2, and 3 (.75–.90). There were no significant differences across time points (F < 0.105, P > .05). Conclusions: The 1-hour and 14-day test–retest intervals are reliable for clinical assessment, expanding the time frames previously reported in the literature of when assessments can be completed reliably. This study provides novel protocols that challenge cognition in unique ways.

Prospective Trial on Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for the Identification of the Distal Limit in Rectal Adenocarcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Wijsmuller ◽  
Jean-Pierre Ghnassia ◽  
Sharmini Varatharajah ◽  
Mickael Schaeffer ◽  
Joel Leroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Rectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation ◽  
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser

Background. Intraoperative decision of the level of distal resection in rectal cancer is often imprecise, based exclusively on digital examination and pretherapeutic imaging. Design. Prospective, single institution, nonrandomized trial ( ClinicalTrial.gov identification no. NCT01887509) to evaluate the contribution of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) to establish the optimal resection margin of rectal adenocarcinoma. The primary outcome was the concordance in the identification of lower tumor margins between pCLE and histopathology. For each patient, pCLE examination was performed on nonneoplastic and neoplastic aspects of the distal tumor margin, before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation, or preceding surgery, if chemoradiation was not required. Biopsies were taken at the same locations. The intraclass correlation coefficient was determined. Results. Twenty-one patients were enrolled. Thirteen patients completed the full study. Six patients completed imaging only before chemoradiation. Two patients retracted their consent after inclusion. A total of 134 videos and corresponding histopathology samplings were analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of in vivo pCLE interpretation were 0.915 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.840-0.970) and 0.736 (95% CI = 0.657-0.821), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the blinded pCLE reinterpretation were 0.930 (95% CI = 0.858-0.980) and 0.688 (95% CI = 0.600-0.770), respectively. No deep layer tumor infiltration was encountered in the samplings with superficial healthy layers. The intraclass correlation coefficient for in vivo pCLE interpretation and blinded pCLE reinterpretation were 0.747 (95% CI = 0.257-0.993) and 0.766 (95% CI = 0.280-0.995), respectively. Conclusions. This supports the concordance between pCLE and histopathology in identifying the “tumor-free” limit of a rectal tumor preceding resection.

scholarly journals Reliability of Measurement of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation, External Rotation, and Total Arc of Motion in 3 Test Positions

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Kevern ◽  
Michael Beecher ◽  
Smita Rao
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Test Position

Context: Athletes who participate in throwing and racket sports consistently demonstrate adaptive changes in glenohumeral-joint internal and external rotation in the dominant arm. Measurements of these motions have demonstrated excellent intrarater and poor interrater reliability. Objective: To determine intrarater reliability, interrater reliability, and standard error of measurement for shoulder internal rotation, external rotation, and total arc of motion using an inclinometer in 3 testing procedures in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball and softball athletes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Athletic department. Patients or Other Participants Thirty-eight players participated in the study. Shoulder internal rotation, external rotation, and total arc of motion were measured by 2 investigators in 3 test positions. The standard supine position was compared with a side-lying test position, as well as a supine test position without examiner overpressure. Results: Excellent intrarater reliability was noted for all 3 test positions and ranges of motion, with intraclass correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.93 to 0.99. Results for interrater reliability were less favorable. Reliability for internal rotation was highest in the side-lying position (0.68) and reliability for external rotation and total arc was highest in the supine-without-overpressure position (0.774 and 0.713, respectively). The supine-with-overpressure position yielded the lowest interrater reliability results in all positions. The side-lying position had the most consistent results, with very little variation among intraclass correlation coefficient values for the various test positions. Conclusions: The results of our study clearly indicate that the side-lying test procedure is of equal or greater value than the traditional supine-with-overpressure method.

scholarly journals Equal Opportunities for Stroke Survivors’ Rehabilitation: A Study on the Validity of the Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale Translated and Adapted into Romanian

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Nadinne Roman ◽  
Roxana Miclaus ◽  
Angela Repanovici ◽  
Cristina Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Fit Index

Background and objectives: The Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (UEFMA) is one of the most recommended and used methods of clinical evaluation not only for post-stroke motor function disability conditions but also for physiotherapy goal-setting. Up to the present, an official Romanian version has not been officially available. This study aims to carry out a translation, adaptation, and validation of UEFMA in Romanian, thus giving both patients and medical practitioners the equal opportunity of benefiting from its proficiency. Material and methods: The English version of the motor component of UEFMA was back and forth translated in the assent of best practice translation guidelines. The research was performed on a group of 64 post-stroke in-patients regarding psychometric properties for content validation and an exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis was performed using the Bayesian model. To assess internal consistency and test–retest reliability, we used the Cronbach Alpha index and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). We used Pearson correlation with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) to determine concurrent validation. Standardized response mean (SRM) was applied to determine the responsiveness of the instrument used. Results: After performing the exploratory factor analysis, a single factor was extracted, with an Eigenvalue of 19.363, which explained 64.543% of the variation. The model was confirmed by Bayesian exploration, with Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) 0.051, Goodness-of-fit Index (GFI) 0.980, Normed-Fit Index (NFI) 0.978 and Relative Fit Index (RFI) 0.977. The Cronbach Alpha value was 0.981, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) index for average measures was 0.992, the Pearson correlation with FIM 0.789, and MRS −0.787, while the SRM was 1.117. Conclusions: The Romanian version of the UEFMA scale is a reliable, responsive and valid tool which can be used as a standardized assessment in post-stroke patients across Romania.

Parallel Comparison of Grip Strength Measures Obtained with a Microfet 4 and a Jamar Dynamometer

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Bohannon
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Jamar Dynamometer

Repeated measures of grip strength obtained bilaterally with a Jamar and a MicroFET 4 dynamometer were compared. Measurements obtained with the MicroFET 4 tended to be slightly (2.2–3.1 lb.) higher but were highly correlated ( r ≥ .96) with those obtained with the Jamar. Parallel reliability for the two devices was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ .96). Although clinicians should be cautious about using the devices interchangeably, the MicroFET 4 appears to be a legitimate alternative to the Jamar dynamometer.

scholarly journals In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation in Dermal Delivery: The Role of Excipients

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Avnish Patel ◽  
Fotis Iliopoulos ◽  
Peter J. Caspers ◽  
Gerwin J. Puppels ◽  
Majella E. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Skin Delivery ◽  
Diffusion Studies

The composition of topical and transdermal formulations is known to determine the rate and the extent of drug delivery to and through the skin. However, to date, the role of excipients in these formulations on skin delivery of actives has received little attention from scientists in the field. Monitoring skin absorption of both drug and vehicle may provide insights into the mechanism by which excipients promote permeation and may facilitate the design of effective and safer products. Previously, we have investigated the use of quantitative Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRS) to investigate the delivery of an active to the skin, and we also reported the first fully quantitative study that compared this method with the well-established in vitro permeation test (IVPT) model. To further explore the potential of quantitative CRS in assessing topical delivery, the present work investigated the effects of commonly used excipients on the percutaneous absorption of a model drug, ibuprofen (IBU). Permeation of IBU and selected solvents following finite dose applications to human skin was determined in vitro and in vivo by Franz diffusion studies and quantitative CRS, respectively. The solvents used were propylene glycol (PG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), tripropylene glycol (TPG), and polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300). Overall, the cumulative amounts of IBU that permeated at 24 h in vitro were similar for PG, DPG, and TPG (p > 0.05). These three vehicles outperformed PEG 300 (p < 0.05) in terms of drug delivery. Concerning the vehicles, the rank order for in vitro skin permeation was DPG ≥ PG > TPG, while PEG 300 did not permeate the skin. A linear relationship between maximum vehicle and IBU flux in vitro was found, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.95. When comparing in vitro with in vivo data, a positive in vitro–in vivo (IVIV) correlation between the cumulative permeation of IBU in vitro and the total amount of IBU that penetrated the stratum corneum (SC) in vivo was observed, with a Pearson correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.90. A strong IVIV correlation, R2 = 0.82, was found following the linear regression of the cumulative number of solvents permeated in vitro and the corresponding skin uptake in vivo measured with CRS. This is the first study to correlate in vivo permeation of solvents measured by CRS with data obtained by in vitro diffusion studies. The IVIV correlations suggest that CRS is a powerful tool for profiling drug and vehicle delivery from dermal formulations. Future studies will examine additional excipients with varying physicochemical properties. Ultimately, these findings are expected to lead to new approaches for the design, evaluation, and optimization of formulations that target actives to and through the skin.

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