scholarly journals The Influence of Organized Physical Activity (Including Gymnastics) on Young Adult Skeletal Traits: Is Maturity Phase Important?

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittney Bernardoni ◽  
Tamara A. Scerpella ◽  
Paula F. Rosenbaum ◽  
Jill A. Kanaley ◽  
Lindsay N. Raab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Gynecological Age ◽  
Dxa Scans ◽  
Buckling Ratio ◽  
Adult Bone

We prospectively evaluated adolescent organized physical activity (PA) as a factor in adult female bone traits. Annual DXA scans accompanied semiannual records of anthropometry, maturity, and PA for 42 participants in this preliminary analysis (criteria: appropriately timed DXA scans at ~1 year premenarche [predictor] and ~5 years postmenarche [dependent variable]). Regression analysis evaluated total adolescent interscan PA and PA over 3 maturity subphases as predictors of young adult bone outcomes: 1) bone mineral content (BMC), geometry, and strength indices at nondominant distal radius and femoral neck; 2) subhead BMC; 3) lumbar spine BMC. Analyses accounted for baseline gynecological age (years pre- or postmenarche), baseline bone status, adult body size and interscan body size change. Gymnastics training was evaluated as a potentially independent predictor, but did not improve models for any outcomes (p < .07). Premenarcheal bone traits were strong predictors of most adult outcomes (semipartial r2 = .21-0.59, p < .001). Adult 1/3 radius and subhead BMC were predicted by both total PA and PA 1-3 years postmenarche (p < .03). PA 3-5 years postmenarche predicted femoral narrow neck width, endosteal diameter, and buckling ratio (p < .05). Thus, participation in organized physical activity programs throughout middle and high school may reduce lifetime fracture risk in females.

scholarly journals Does Physical Activity in Adolescence Have Site-Specific and Sex-Specific Benefits on Young Adult Bone Size, Content, and Estimated Strength?

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L Duckham ◽  
Adam DG Baxter-Jones ◽  
James D Johnston ◽  
Hassanali Vatanparast ◽  
David Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Bone Size ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Adult Bone

HOLOCENE LAND SNAIL BODY SIZE CHANGE IN ALGERIA, NW AFRICA, AND ITS POSSIBLE CAUSES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Soto ◽  
◽  
Yurena Yanes ◽  
David Lubell
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Size Change

scholarly journals Effects of a structured counselling-based intervention to improve physical activity behaviour of adolescents and young adult cancer survivors – the randomized phase II Motivate AYA – MAYA trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552199797
Author(s):  
Jannike Salchow ◽  
Barbara Koch ◽  
Julia Mann ◽  
Julia von Grundherr ◽  
Simon Elmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Physical Activity Behaviour ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Young Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Young Adult Cancer ◽  
Activity Behaviour

Objective: To explore whether a structured counselling-based intervention increases vigorous physical activity behaviour of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors. Design: Randomized controlled phase II trial. Setting: University Cancer Center Hamburg, Germany. Subjects: Eighty-nine participants (mean age 24.1 ± 6.3) were randomized to control ( n = 44) or intervention group ( n = 45). Interventions: The intervention group was consulted about physical activity behaviour via interview (week 0), and telephone counselling (weeks 1, 3 and 12). The control group only received general physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors (week 0). Main measures: The primary outcome was the rate of participants with ⩾9 metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours per week of vigorous activity post-intervention, measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included assessing physical activity behaviour (e.g. amount and type of physical activity) and quality of life. Assessments were completed in weeks 0 (baseline), 12 (post-intervention) and 52 (follow-up). Results: Sixty-nine participants completed the post-intervention- and 47 the follow-up-assessment. The rate of participants performing vigorous physical activity increased from baseline to post-intervention for both without differing significantly ( P = 0.541). Both increased their total metabolic equivalent from baseline to post-intervention (intervention group from 55.2 ± 43.7 to 61.7 ± 29.4, control group from 75.3 ± 81.4 to 88.3 ± 80.2). At follow-up the intervention group (73.7 ± 80.2) was more active than baseline when compared to the control group (78.5 ± 50.0). Conclusions: A structured counselling-based physical activity intervention did not significantly impact the level of vigorous physical activity behaviour in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.

scholarly journals The Positive Relationship between Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Content Is Not Mediated by Free Leptin Index in Prepubertal Children: The PANIC Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5365
Author(s):  
Annie M. Constable ◽  
Josie E. Porter ◽  
Danielle Benger ◽  
Dimitris Vlachopoulos ◽  
Alan R. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) positively influences bone mineral content (BMC) in prepubertal children, but it is unknown whether this relationship is partially mediated by free leptin index. The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between MVPA and total body less head (TBLH) BMC is mediated or moderated by free leptin index in prepubertal children. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 401 children (194 girls) from baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Childhood Study. We applied the four-way decomposition mediation analysis method to assess whether free leptin index, measured from fasted blood samples, mediated the relationship between accelerometer-measured MVPA and TBLH BMC measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: MVPA had a positive controlled direct effect on TBLH BMC in girls and boys (β = 0.010 to 0.011, p < 0.05). There was no mediation or interaction between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC in girls or boys (β = −0.000 to 0.001, p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicates that MVPA positively influences TBLH BMC through pathways not related to free leptin index in predominantly normal-weight prepubertal children, likely primarily through mechanical loading. The relationships between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC may be influenced by other factors such as pubertal status and adiposity, so it is unknown whether these observations extend to overweight and obese children at different stages of puberty.

scholarly journals Impacts of vigorous and non-vigorous activity on daily energy expenditure

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas R. Westerterp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Daily Energy

Activity intensity is a potential determinant of activity-induced energy expenditure. Tri-axial accelerometery is the most objective measurement technique for the assessment of activity intensity, in combination with doubly-labelled water for the measurement of energy expenditure under free-living conditions. Data on the effects of subject characteristics, including body size and age, and exercise training on the relationship between activity intensity and daily energy expenditure are reviewed. Average daily metabolic rate and non-basal energy expenditure are positively related to body size. The duration and intensity of physical activities do not need to be equivalent to the energy spent on activity. Obese subjects spend more energy on physical activity but can perform fewer activities, especially high-intensity (weight-bearing) activities, because of their higher body weight. Physical activity generally declines gradually from about 60 years of age onwards. Most subjects >80 years have an activity level well below the level defined for sedentary middle-aged adults. Spending relatively more time on low-intensity activities has a negative effect on the mean physical activity level. To obtain a higher physical activity level does not necessarily imply high-intensity activities. In an average subject 25% of the activity-induced energy expenditure may be attributed to high-intensity activities. Exercise training, as a form of high-intensity activity, affects the physical activity level more in younger subjects than in elderly subjects.

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