Reliability and Construct Validity of Yo-Yo Tests in Untrained and Soccer-Trained Schoolgirls Aged 9–16

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana C. A. Póvoas ◽  
Carlo Castagna ◽  
José Manuel da Costa Soares ◽  
Pedro Silva ◽  
Manuel Coelho-e-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Purpose:The reliability and construct validity of three age-adapted-intensity Yo-Yo tests were evaluated in untrained (n = 67) vs. soccer-trained (n = 65) 9- to 16-year-old schoolgirls.Methods:Tests were performed 7 days apart for reliability (9- to 11-year-old: Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 children’s test; 12- to 13-yearold: Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1; and 14- to 16-year-old: Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 2).Results:Yo-Yo distance covered was 40% (776 ± 324 vs. 556 ± 156 m), 85% (1252 ± 484 vs. 675 ± 252 m) and 138% (674 ± 336 vs. 283 ± 66 m) greater (p ≤ .010) for the soccer-trained than for the untrained girls aged 9–11, 12–13 and 14–16 years, respectively. Typical errors of measurement for Yo-Yo distance covered, expressed as a percentage of the coefficient of variation (confidence limits), were 10.1% (8.1–13.7%), 11.0% (8.6–15.4%) and 11.6% (9.2–16.1%) for soccer players, and 11.5% (9.1–15.8%), 14.1% (11.0–19.8%) and 10.6% (8.5–14.2%) for untrained girls, aged 9–11, 12–13 and 14–16, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient values for test-retest were excellent (0.795–0.973) in both groups. No significant differences were observed in relative exercise peak heart rate (%HRpeak) between groups during test and retest.Conclusion:The Yo-Yo tests are reliable for determining intermittent-exercise capacity and %HRpeak for soccer players and untrained 9- to 16-year-old girls. They also possess construct validity with better performances for soccer players compared with untrained age-matched girls, despite similar %HRpeak.

Straight-Line and Change-of-Direction Intermittent Running in Professional Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Fessi ◽  
Fayçal Farhat ◽  
Alexandre Dellal ◽  
James J. Malone ◽  
Wassim Moalla
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: To investigate the difference between straight-line (STL) and change-of-direction (COD) intermittent-running exercises in soccer players. Methods: Seventeen male professional soccer players performed the agility T test and 6 intermittent-running exercises: 10 s at 130% of maximal aerobic speed (MAS) alternated with 10 s of rest (10-10), 15 s at 120% of MAS alternated with 15 s of rest (15-15), and 30 s at 110% of MAS alternated with 30 s of rest (30-30) both in STL and with COD. All exercises were monitored using a global positioning system. Heart rate was measured during exercises, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected postexercise. The difference (Δ) between covered distance in STL and COD exercises at a similar load was calculated, and relationships between T test and Δ distance were analyzed. Results: COD intermittent exercises showed a significantly decreased distance covered and an increase in the number of accelerations, peak heart rate, and RPE compared with STL intermittent exercises at a similar load. High relationships were observed between T-test performance and Δ distance in 10-10 (r = .72, P < .01) and 15-15 (r = .77, P < .01), whereas no significant relationships were observed between T-test performance and Δ distance in 30-30 (r = −.37, P = .2). Conclusion: Intermittent COD exercises were associated with higher acceleration, peak heart rate, and RPE than STL during 10-10 and 15-15 exercises. The ability to rapidly change direction is crucial to perform intense sport-specific running in professional soccer players.

Reliability of Submaximal Yo-Yo Tests in 9- to 16-Year-Old Untrained Schoolchildren

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Cristina Araújo Póvoas ◽  
Peter Krustrup ◽  
Carlo Castagna ◽  
Pedro Miguel Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Distance ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Purpose: To examine the reliability of age-adapted submaximal Yo-Yo (Yo-Yosubmax) intermittent tests in untrained schoolchildren aged 9–16 years (n = 139; 72 boys and 67 girls) and within children with high and low percentage of body fat (%BF). Methods: Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 children’s (YYIR1C), Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1 (YYIE1), and Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 2 (YYIE2) tests were performed 7 days apart by 9- to 11-, 12- to 13-, and 14- to 16-year-old children, respectively. Reliability was tested for Yo-Yosubmax heart rate (HRsubmax), peak HR, and maximal distance. Results: HRsubmax typical errors of measurement (TEM) in YYIR1C, YYIE1, and YYIE2 were 2.2% (1.7%–2.9%), 2.4% (1.9%–3.3%), 1.9% (1.6%–2.5%) and 2.4% (1.9%–3.3%), 2.4% (1.9%–3.2%), 1.9% (1.5%–2.4%) for girls and boys, respectively. HRsubmax intraclass correlation coefficient values were good to excellent (.62–.87) in all age groups and in schoolchildren of different %BF. TEM for HRsubmax ranged from 2.1% to 2.3% in high and low %BF groups. Maximal distance intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent and TEM values ranged from 11% to 12% in both %BF groups. HRsubmax was moderately to largely associated (r = −.46 to −.64; P < .002) with Yo-Yo maximal distance across the age groups. Conclusion: Yo-Yosubmax tests are a reliable tool providing useful and sustainable aerobic performance testing in physical education, irrespective of individual %BF.

Reliability of Fitness Measures in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Joyce Obeid ◽  
Brian W. Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Fitness Measures

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of short-term power output, heart rate (HR) response during and after a treadmill test, and time to complete a 25-m dash in healthy preschool children. Thirty-two 3- to 5-year-old boys and girls completed two sessions approximately one week apart. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated to evaluate reliability. Power output was found to be reliable with ICCs ranging from 0.83 to 0.93 and CVs from 8.1 to 9.7%. Time to complete the 25-m dash was highly reliable (ICC = 0.91, CV = 3.7%). Reliability for HR at submaximal exercise (ICC = 0.28, CV = 18.8%) and HR recovery (ICC = 0.42, CV = 14.0%) was not as strong. These findings should assist in determining appropriate fitness tests for preschoolers.

scholarly journals Quantitative Aortic Distensibility Measurement Using CT in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Reproducibility and Clinical Relevance

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfei Zha ◽  
Gongling Peng ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Chunying Yang ◽  
Xuesong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Aortic Distensibility ◽  
Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Purpose.To investigate the reproducibility of aortic distensibility (D) measurement using CT and assess its clinical relevance in patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).Methods.54 patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm were studied to determine their distensibility by using 64-MDCT. Aortic cross-sectional area changes were determined at two positions of the aorta, immediately below the lowest renal artery (level 1.) and at the level of its maximal diameter (level 2.) by semiautomatic segmentation. Measurement reproducibility was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analyses. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to assess linear associations between aorticDand anthropometric and biochemical parameters.Results.A mean distensibility ofDlevel  1.=(1.05±0.22)×10-5  Pa-1andDlevel  2.=(0.49±0.18)×10-5  Pa-1was found. ICC proved excellent consistency between readers over two locations: 0.92 for intraobserver and 0.89 for interobserver difference in level 1. and 0.85 and 0.79 in level 2. Multivariate analysis of all these variables showed sac distensibility to be independently related (R2=0.68) to BMI, diastolic blood pressure, and AAA diameter.Conclusions.Aortic distensibility measurement in patients with AAA demonstrated high inter- and intraobserver agreement and may be valuable when choosing the optimal dimensions graft for AAA before endovascular aneurysm repair.

scholarly journals Acute ischemic preconditioning does not influence high-intensity intermittent exercise performance

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Coelho Marocolo ◽  
Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota ◽  
André Monteiro Londe ◽  
Stephen D. Patterson ◽  
Octávio Barbosa Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
And Control

This study evaluated the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on a high-intensity intermittent exercise performance and physiological indicators in amateur soccer players. Thirteen players (21.5 ± 2 yrs) attended three trials separated by 3–5 days in a counterbalanced randomized cross-over design: IPC (4 × 5-min occlusion 220 mmHg/reperfusion 0 mmHg) in each thigh; SHAM (similar to the IPC protocol but “occlusion” at 20 mmHg) and control (seated during the same time of IPC). After 6-min of each trial (IPC, SHAM or control), the players performed the YoYo Intermittent Endurance Test level 2 (YoYoIE2). The distance covered in the YoYoIE2 (IPC 867 ± 205 m; SHAM 873 ± 212 m; control 921 ± 206 m) was not different among trials (p = 0.10), furthermore, lactate concentration and rate of perceived exertion did not differ (P > 0.05) among protocols. There were also no significant differences in either mean heart rate (HR) or peak HR (p > 0.05) for both IPC and SHAM compared to control. Therefore, we conclude that acute IPC does not influence high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in amateur soccer players and that rate of perceived exertion, heart rate and lactate do not differ between the intervention IPC, SHAM and control.

Reliability and Sensitivity of Reaction Time Measurements During Quasi-Realistic Soccer Situations

Motor Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lazar Tomic ◽  
Danica Janicijevic ◽  
Aleksandar Nedeljkovic ◽  
Bojan Leontijevic ◽  
Amador García-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Size Range ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
The Difference

Reliability and sensitivity of reaction time (RT) during quasi-realistic soccer situations was explored in 10 professional soccer players (skilled; age = 20.9 ± 3.6 years) and 10 males without soccer experience (nonskilled; age = 23.4 ± 0.5 years). The participants were instructed to react as fast as possible to a stimulus presented via the video-based method while standing on force platforms. RT was computed as the difference between the instant when the rate of force development of any leg reaches 5% of its maximal value and the instant of stimulus presentation. The results revealed acceptable to high reliability of RT (intraclass correlation coefficient median = .90; coefficient of variation ≤ 5.83%), and shorter RT for skilled compared with nonskilled participants in three out of eight comparisons (effect size range = 1.00–1.41). The video-based methods can be confidently used to assess the RT in soccer players.

scholarly journals Validation of the da Vinci Surgical Skill Simulator across three surgical disciplines

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Alzahrani ◽  
Richard Haddad ◽  
Abdullah Alkhayal ◽  
Josee Delisle ◽  
Laura Drudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Board Level ◽  
Level 2

Objective: In this paper, we evaluate face, content and construct validity of the da Vinci Surgical Skills Simulator (dVSSS) across 3 surgical disciplines.Methods: In total, 48 participants from urology, gynecology and general surgery participated in the study as novices (0 robotic cases performed), intermediates (1-74) or experts (≥75). Each participant completed 9 tasks (Peg board level 2, match board level 2, needle targeting, ring and rail level 2, dots and needles level 1, suture sponge level 2, energy dissection level 1, ring walk level 3 and tubes). The Mimic Technologies software scored each task from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) using several predetermined metrics. Face and content validity were evaluated by a questionnaire administered after task completion. Wilcoxon test was used to perform pairwise comparisons.Results: The expert group comprised of 6 attending surgeons. The intermediate group included 4 attending surgeons, 3 fellows and 5 residents. The novices included 1 attending surgeon, 1 fellow, 13 residents, 13 medical students and 2 research assistants. The median number of robotic cases performed by experts and intermediates were 250 and 9, respectively. The median overall realistic score (face validity) was 8/10. Experts rated the usefulness of the simulator as a training tool for residents (content validity) as 8.5/10. For construct validity, experts outperformed novices in all 9 tasks (p < 0.05). Intermediates outperformed novices in 7 of 9 tasks (p < 0.05); there were no significant differences in the energy dissection and ring walk tasks. Finally, experts scored significantly better than intermediates in only 3 of 9 tasks (matchboard, dots and needles and energy dissection) (p < 0.05).Conclusions: This study confirms the face, content and construct validities of the dVSSS across urology, gynecology and general surgery. Larger sample size and more complex tasks are needed to further differentiate intermediates from experts.

Influence of players’ physical performances on the variation of the external and internal responses to repeated bouts of small-sided games across youth age categories

2021 ◽  
pp. 175433712110175
Author(s):  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
Javier Yanci ◽  
Javier Raya-González ◽  
Ángel Lago-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Physical Performances ◽  
Training Impulse ◽  
And Training ◽  
Age Category

The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to test for differences on the external and internal responses encountered by youth soccer players during four bouts of 5-a-side small-sided game (SSG) across age categories and, (2) to analyze the external and internal responses attending to players’ sprinting and jumping profile within each age-category (i.e. under 14 (U14), under 16 (U16) and under 18 (U18)). Forty-eight young soccer players participated in this study and were distributed by each age-category. Players were classified based on jumping-profile (stronger and weaker) and sprint-profile (faster and slower). Also, players played four bouts of 4 min of a 5-a-side SSG, including goalkeepers. Likewise, external responses (i.e. total distance, distance covered at walking, jogging and high-intensity speeds, number of accelerations and decelerations, body impacts and player load) and internal responses (peak heart rate, % of peak heart rate and training impulse) were collected. The main results revealed a significant age-category by bout interaction for total distance covered, distance at jogging, number of accelerations, body impacts and player load for players from the U16 and U18 age categories, showing lower values during the last bouts, compared to the first bouts ( p ≤ 0.001–0.020, [Formula: see text] = 0.13–0.17). Moreover, while no significant ( p = 0.09–0.95) sprint-profile by bout interaction was found for the registered variables across age categories, stronger U18 players showed a smaller decrease across bouts for distance covered at high-intensity, compared to weaker U18 players. These findings suggest there is a need for coaching staff to include training strategies that allow for reducing accumulated neuromuscular fatigue in U16 and U18 age categories.

scholarly journals Use of the CR100 Scale for Session Rating of Perceived Exertion in Soccer and Its Interchangeability With the CR10

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Fanchini ◽  
Ivan Ferraresi ◽  
Roberto Modena ◽  
Federico Schena ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
Rate Method ◽  
The Mean

Purpose:To examine the construct validity of the session rating perceived exertion (s-RPE) assessed with the Borg CR100 scale to measure training loads in elite soccer and to examine if the CR100 is interchangeable and can provide more-accurate ratings than the CR10 scale.Methods:Two studies were conducted. The validity of the CR100 was determined in 19 elite soccer players (age 28 ± 6 y, height 180 ± 7 cm, body mass 77 ± 6 kg) during training sessions through correlations with the Edwards heart-rate method (study 1). The interchangeability with CR10 was assessed in 78 soccer players (age 19.3 ± 4.1 y, height 178 ± 5.9 cm, body mass 71.4 ± 6.1 kg) through the Bland–Altman method and correlations between change scores in different sessions. To examine whether the CR100 is more finely graded than the CR10, the proportions of responses corresponding to the verbal expressions were calculated (study 2).Results:Individual correlations between the Edwards method and s-RPE were large to very large (.52–.85). The mean difference between the 2 scales was –0.3 ± 0.33 AU (90% CI –0.41 to –0.29) with 95% limits of agreements (0.31 to –0.96 AU). Correlations between scales and between-changes scores were nearly perfect (.95 and .91–.98). Ratings corresponding to the verbal anchors were 49% in CR10 and 26% in CR100.Conclusions:The CR100 is valid for assessing the training load in elite soccer players. It can be used interchangeably with the CR10 and may provide more-precise measures of exercise intensity.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in asymptomatic patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (04) ◽  
pp. 655-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Boissel ◽  
Michel Cucherat ◽  
Sandrine Sonie ◽  
Nirav Shah ◽  
Alain Leizorovicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Orthopedic Patients ◽  
Patient Enrollment ◽  
Level 2

SummaryEvaluation of the accuracy of ultrasound has yielded heterogeneous results. Our objective was to summarize the evidence on the accuracy of ultrasound compared to venography in asymptomatic patients, taking into account the variation due to threshold differences. Searches of journal table of contents, computer databases (Medline, Embase, Biomed, Cochrane) and conference proceedings were performed. A study was eligible if it prospectively compared ultrasound to venography for the diagnosis of DVT in asymptomatic patients. Data of studies selected for inclusion were extracted independently by two authors. High quality studies with consecutive patient enrollment, blind evaluation of the two techniques, and absence of verification bias are summarized as Level 1, while those not fulfilling one or more of these criteria are considered Level 2. Original study authors were contacted to confirm accuracy and to provide missing data. A pooled estimate of the accuracy of ultrasound was obtained according to the method of Moses and coworkers. This method gives a summary diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). The DOR is a single indicator of test performance. It varies between 0 and infinity and exceeds 1, only when ultrasound is more often positive in patients with DVT relative to those without DVT. Higher DOR indicates better discriminatory test performance. Thirty one studies were rated as potentially unbiased and graded as Level 1.The mean prevalence of DVT as determined by venography was 22%. In Level 1 studies, the odds of positive ultrasound in proximal veins was 379 times higher (95% confidence limits 65, 2,200) and in distal veins 32 times higher (7.5, 135) among patients with DVT than those without. Our results suggest that, particularly for proximal veins, ultrasound is accurate for the diagnosis of DVT in asymptomatic postoperative orthopedic patients. More research is needed in other clinical settings.

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