Use of the Responsible Decision Making Model for Athletics (RDMMA) to Address Conflicting Priorities at NCAA Division I Member Institutions

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athena Yiamouyiannis ◽  
Heather J. Lawrence ◽  
Mary A. Hums ◽  
B. David Ridpath
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Division I ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Provide Background Information

Intercollegiate athletics administrators face many difficult and complex issues throughout the course of their careers related to balancing athletics budgets, remaining competitive in select sports and complying with Title IX. To better prepare future athletics administrators to handle these challenges, the authors provide background information on the complexities of the issue, discuss use of the Responsible Decision Making Model for Athletics (RDMMA) as a tool to assist in the process, and demonstrate the use of this model as applied to intercollegiate athletics. The RDMMA provides a framework from which to organize information, ensure all constituencies are considered, save time in decision making, and evaluate intended and unintended consequences of decisions. Professors can use the RDMMA as a tool in the classroom to bridge the gap between academic theory and practical application of these concepts to help guide future athletics administrators on how to approach complex issues and responsibilities.

scholarly journals Decision-Making Process Associated with Adding NCAA Division I Sports Programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sloane Milstein ◽  
Zack Damon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Division I ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
Sports Programs ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
The University

Recent college sport headlines highlight the decision to cut teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. Citing the expected budgetary impact, Old Dominion announced it was cutting its wrestling program.  St. Edward’s University is cutting the men and women’s tennis, men and women’s golf, and men’s soccer.  The University of Cincinnati eliminated its men’s soccer program with more programs to follow. Yet, a number of institutions are charging forward and have announced the addition of a team(s) to their athletic offerings.  Plymouth State will add men’s swimming, Indiana Tech is adding women’s ice hockey, and Augustana College just added men and women’s water polo. Such additions are somewhat surprising given the difficult economic climate currently facing higher education and intercollegiate athletics. This study sought to identify a structure that NCAA Division I decision-makers took part in when adding a team in previous years.  Accordingly, the authors conducted expert-based, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 Division I athletic administrators representing 23 sport teams. The following decision-making phases were identified: Identification, Justification, Evaluation, Acceptance (or Interruptions), and Authorization. Theoretical and practical implications for institutions seeking to grow their sport offerings are provided.

Title IX and Intercollegiate Athletics: An Analysis of EADA Data on Student Enrollment, Sport Participation and Scholarship Allocation

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Athena Yiamouyiannis ◽  
Kay Hawes
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Division I ◽  
Student Enrollment ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Additional Information

The 2009–10 Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act (EADA) data were used to analyze and compare student enrollment, sport participation rates/participants, and scholarship allocation at NCAA Division I, II, and III colleges and their subdivisions from a critical perspective through the lens of feminism. The EADA data included 1,062 NCAA collegiate institutions, with 350 Division I colleges, 209 in Division II, and 420 in Division III. Within Division I, the three subdivisions included I-A (FBS), I-AA (FCS), and I-AAA (without football). For Divisions II and III, findings were reported for colleges with and without football. Of the 6 million students attending NCAA colleges, 54% are female students, while only 43% of sport participants are women, which reflects an 11% gap between female enrollment and sport participation. Scholarship allocation appears to favor women when using the OCR comparison of scholarships to participants; however, the opposite conclusion is drawn based upon additional information.

scholarly journals Not Going Pro: On Seeking Lasting Returns from College Sports

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Horner ◽  
Neal Ternes ◽  
Christopher McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Personal Investment

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) clearly states there are many favorable qualities derived from participation that benefit those “who go pro in something other than sports.” However, the ability of collegiate athletics to deliver on the promise of attributable long-term vocational value is rarely questioned. Instead, student-athletes are encouraged to think of their participation as a personal investment with enduring rewards for the investor. In this study involving former NCAA Division I student-athletes, the authors examined whether participation can be regarded as an investment and how student-athletes perceive the returns thus derived. Extending Becker’s (1962) theory of human capital investment to sport participation, the authors probed participants’ experiences for evidence of investment thinking and lasting benefits in corporeal, economic, social, and cultural varieties. The findings support the notion that participation in collegiate athletics can be broadly defined as an investment, but not in accordance with the long-term utility maximizing rationale described by neoclassical economists. Furthermore, the high cost of participation, inherent uncertainty, and unreliable information confound the athlete’s decision-making and blur the distinction between consumption in the present and investing for the future.

Applications: Rating College Passers

1981 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-452
Author(s):  
William D. Jamski
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
College Football ◽  
Division I ◽  
Governing Body

In 1980 there were many good passers in college football, but how would you rate them? The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the major governing body for intercollegiate athletics, proceeds by maintaining statistical data on the performance of the passers in a number of categories. This information provides the bases for making objective comparisons among the passers. For example, in table 1, the four leading passers for NCAA Division I (major college football) in 1980 are listed alphabetically with their respective passing statistics. From these data, differences in the performance of the passers can be noted.

An Assessment of the Perception of Management and Leadership Skills by Intercollegiate Athletics Conference Commissioners

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Quarterman
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Division I ◽  
Athletic Administrators ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic ◽  
Brain Hemisphere ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Management And Leadership

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the perceptions of intercollegiate athletics conference commissioners regarding skills associated with management and leadership. A descriptive survey design was used to collect the data. The study showed that commissioners (N = 75) of NCAA Division I, II, and III conferences rated skills associated with management higher than those associated with leadership (f[l,69] = 5.109, p = .0001). Based on a 5-point Likert scale, the survey concluded: (a) Overall mean rates for management (M = 3.61, SD = .680) were higher than for leadership (M = 3.28, SD = .636), and (b) mean rates for both management and leadership were above average (M = 3.00). Serendipitously, the skills of management and leadership were discovered to be associated with brain hemisphere and whole brain thinking. The investigation's findings may serve as a guide for further research on management and leadership of intercollegiate athletic administrators.

scholarly journals Sport Discontinuation: An Assessment of Goal Achievement via Empirical Measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Patrick Marsh ◽  
Jeffrey C Petersen ◽  
Barbara Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Empirical Measures ◽  
Athletic Teams

Collegiate athletic teams are being eliminated at an alarming rate; however, empirical research of athletic spending and participation after these cuts occur is lacking. This study compared whether the proffered rationales for discontinuing teams were consistent with the measurable budgetary and participation outcomes. From a sample of NCAA Division I institutions that discontinued at least one team between the academic years 2000-01 and 2008-09 (N = 125), a total of 49 schools with documented cut rationales were identified. The EADA cutting tool was then used to examine athletic revenues, expenses, and participation numbers from the year prior and the year after the cuts to determine, via descriptive statistics and paired t-tests, if the stated objectives were met. The three reasons primarily cited for the program elimination included: reducing athletic spending (44.9%), reallocating resources (42.9%), and Title IX compliance (18.4%). Statistical analysis revealed that only institutions citing reallocation of athletic resources were able to achieve their stated goals. Institutions citing efforts to reduce athletic spending had significant increases in athletic expenses and none of the institutions citing Title IX compliance achieved substantial proportionality. These results show a troubling disconnection between the elimination rationale and the budgetary and participation outcomes that is worthy of additional investigation.

Competition, Legitimation, and the Regulation of Intercollegiate Athletics

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vern Baxter ◽  
Anthony V. Margavio ◽  
Charles Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Stable Population ◽  
Athletic Competition ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
Regulatory Dynamics ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
To Receive

This article uses data on sanctions against member schools of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) from 1952 to 1990 to examine density of competition and legitimacy of rules as regulatory dynamics in a relatively stable population of organizations. The NCAA regulates athletic competition through enforcement of rules that mediate between various definitions of legitimate conduct. Schools in less densely competitive environments are more likely to receive penalties for rules violations than are schools in more densely competitive environments. It is also found that NCAA Division I schools in the South, Southwest, and Midwest are significantly more likely to receive penalties than are schools in the Mideast and East. The article concludes that the legitimacy of rules varies across schools and across regions, creating different cultures of competition that affect the likelihood of deviance and sanction.

The Role of Football Profits in Meeting Title IX Gender Equity Regulations and Policy

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Agthe ◽  
R. Bruce Billings
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Division I ◽  
Intercollegiate Sports ◽  
Undergraduate Enrollment ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Qualitative Dimension

A conceptual model was developed to measure the influence of football profits on meeting Title IX gender equity requirements in athletic aid and participation at NCAA Division I-A institutions. Teams in Division I-A of the NCAA play intercollegiate sports at the highest level of competition. Football profits are the largest source of fan based revenue at most Division I-A institutions. An empirical version of the model including football profit, other men's sports profits, conference membership, undergraduate enrollment, endowment, and the existence of the state funding was estimated for 93 institutions. These factors, except undergraduate enrollment and other men's sports profits, significantly influenced meeting the athletic aid standard. Endowment, state funding, and conference membership significantly influenced compliance with participation standard. In addition to the quantitative analysis, responses to an original survey of Division I conference commissioners added a qualitative dimension to this study.

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