scholarly journals Sport Discontinuation: An Assessment of Goal Achievement via Empirical Measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Patrick Marsh ◽  
Jeffrey C Petersen ◽  
Barbara Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Empirical Measures ◽  
Athletic Teams

Collegiate athletic teams are being eliminated at an alarming rate; however, empirical research of athletic spending and participation after these cuts occur is lacking. This study compared whether the proffered rationales for discontinuing teams were consistent with the measurable budgetary and participation outcomes. From a sample of NCAA Division I institutions that discontinued at least one team between the academic years 2000-01 and 2008-09 (N = 125), a total of 49 schools with documented cut rationales were identified. The EADA cutting tool was then used to examine athletic revenues, expenses, and participation numbers from the year prior and the year after the cuts to determine, via descriptive statistics and paired t-tests, if the stated objectives were met. The three reasons primarily cited for the program elimination included: reducing athletic spending (44.9%), reallocating resources (42.9%), and Title IX compliance (18.4%). Statistical analysis revealed that only institutions citing reallocation of athletic resources were able to achieve their stated goals. Institutions citing efforts to reduce athletic spending had significant increases in athletic expenses and none of the institutions citing Title IX compliance achieved substantial proportionality. These results show a troubling disconnection between the elimination rationale and the budgetary and participation outcomes that is worthy of additional investigation.

scholarly journals The Physical Demands of NCAA Division I Women’s College Soccer

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Sausaman ◽  
Matt L. Sams ◽  
Satoshi Mizuguchi ◽  
Brad H. DeWeese ◽  
Michael H. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Women's College ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Collegiate Level ◽  
All Speeds ◽  
Mixed Modelling

Extensive research into women’s collegiate soccer is scarce, leaving gaps in the literature with little information available detailing the physical demands at different standards of play. Our purpose was to elucidate the physical demands of the Division I collegiate level and identify differences between playing positions. Twenty-three field players were observed during four competitive seasons using 10-Hz GPS units (Catapult Sports, Melbourne, Australia). Descriptive statistics and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine group and position-specific physical demands. Linear mixed modelling (LMM) was used to compare attacker, midfielder, and defender position groups. Total distance, high-speed distance, and sprint distance were 9486 ± 300 m, 1014 ± 118 m, and 428 ± 70 m, respectively. Furthermore, attackers were observed to cover the greatest distance at all speeds compared to midfielders and defenders. Our findings suggest that the physical demands of Division I women’s soccer differ by position and appear lower compared to higher standards of play. Therefore, coaches and sports scientists responsible for the physical training of Division I collegiate players should consider the specific physical demands of the collegiate level and playing position when prescribing training, as well as in the development of their annual training programs.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Desirable Attributes for Strength and Conditioning Coaches as Perceived by Male and Female Population of Collegiate Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Severiano Tiberi ◽  
Jeremy Moody
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study aimed to suggest desirable attributes and characteristics for strength and conditioning coaches as perceived by the male and female population of collegiate athletes and statistically evaluate differences of perception between genders. Participants were 99 NCAA division I student-athletes (Male=56, Female=43) aged between 18-22 years of age, with a mean of 2.98 S&C sessions per week. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire to rank the importance of 17 research-based attributes through a 5-point Likert-type-scale. Descriptive statistics revealed that overall, “knowledgeable” and “communicative” were considered the most important attributes, whereas “overall size/muscularity” and “male gender” were the least desirable. With regards to perceived importance, attributes were ranked in the following order: knowledgeable, communicative, motivator, trustworthy, give positive feedback, approachable, organised, supportive, positive, honest, confident, role model, intense, physical fitness, sense of humour, overall size/muscularity, male gender. “Male gender” as an attribute was identified as the only significant difference in perception between genders (p = .017). The observed results are consistent with previous research that highlighted how several attributes and characteristics are important for strength and conditioning coaches. Thus, these results might foster reflection and guide personal and professional development of strength and conditioning coaches.

The Role of Football Profits in Meeting Title IX Gender Equity Regulations and Policy

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Agthe ◽  
R. Bruce Billings
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Division I ◽  
Intercollegiate Sports ◽  
Undergraduate Enrollment ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Qualitative Dimension

A conceptual model was developed to measure the influence of football profits on meeting Title IX gender equity requirements in athletic aid and participation at NCAA Division I-A institutions. Teams in Division I-A of the NCAA play intercollegiate sports at the highest level of competition. Football profits are the largest source of fan based revenue at most Division I-A institutions. An empirical version of the model including football profit, other men's sports profits, conference membership, undergraduate enrollment, endowment, and the existence of the state funding was estimated for 93 institutions. These factors, except undergraduate enrollment and other men's sports profits, significantly influenced meeting the athletic aid standard. Endowment, state funding, and conference membership significantly influenced compliance with participation standard. In addition to the quantitative analysis, responses to an original survey of Division I conference commissioners added a qualitative dimension to this study.

Male and Female Coaches of Women’s Athletic Teams: Reasons for Entering and Leaving the Profession

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Pastore
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Past ◽  
Athletic Teams ◽  
Female Coaches

During the past two decades the number of female athletes has increased while the number of female coaches has declined. The purpose of this study was to determine the reasons why NCAA Division I male and female coaches of women’s athletic teams enter and leave the profession. The findings indicate that coaches enter the profession to remain in competitive athletics and would leave the profession to spend more time with family and friends. Further research in this area is recommended to determine solutions to the problem of the declining number of female coaches.

Use of the Responsible Decision Making Model for Athletics (RDMMA) to Address Conflicting Priorities at NCAA Division I Member Institutions

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athena Yiamouyiannis ◽  
Heather J. Lawrence ◽  
Mary A. Hums ◽  
B. David Ridpath
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Division I ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Provide Background Information

Intercollegiate athletics administrators face many difficult and complex issues throughout the course of their careers related to balancing athletics budgets, remaining competitive in select sports and complying with Title IX. To better prepare future athletics administrators to handle these challenges, the authors provide background information on the complexities of the issue, discuss use of the Responsible Decision Making Model for Athletics (RDMMA) as a tool to assist in the process, and demonstrate the use of this model as applied to intercollegiate athletics. The RDMMA provides a framework from which to organize information, ensure all constituencies are considered, save time in decision making, and evaluate intended and unintended consequences of decisions. Professors can use the RDMMA as a tool in the classroom to bridge the gap between academic theory and practical application of these concepts to help guide future athletics administrators on how to approach complex issues and responsibilities.

Title IX and Intercollegiate Athletics: An Analysis of EADA Data on Student Enrollment, Sport Participation and Scholarship Allocation

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Athena Yiamouyiannis ◽  
Kay Hawes
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Division I ◽  
Student Enrollment ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Additional Information

The 2009–10 Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act (EADA) data were used to analyze and compare student enrollment, sport participation rates/participants, and scholarship allocation at NCAA Division I, II, and III colleges and their subdivisions from a critical perspective through the lens of feminism. The EADA data included 1,062 NCAA collegiate institutions, with 350 Division I colleges, 209 in Division II, and 420 in Division III. Within Division I, the three subdivisions included I-A (FBS), I-AA (FCS), and I-AAA (without football). For Divisions II and III, findings were reported for colleges with and without football. Of the 6 million students attending NCAA colleges, 54% are female students, while only 43% of sport participants are women, which reflects an 11% gap between female enrollment and sport participation. Scholarship allocation appears to favor women when using the OCR comparison of scholarships to participants; however, the opposite conclusion is drawn based upon additional information.

Agentic Denial: How Athletic Teams Sustain Divergent Structures During Concussion Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-374
Author(s):  
Alaina C. Zanin ◽  
Jessica K. Kamrath ◽  
Steven R. Corman
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Division I ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Athletic Teams ◽  
Division I Athletes ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study reveals how athletic health care teams, embedded within large bureaucratic organizations and complex social systems, negotiate and sustain multiple divergent structures. An iterative analysis of 69 in-depth interviews with National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletes’ certified athletic trainers (ATCs) and coaches from four high-contact sports (i.e., women’s lacrosse, men’s wrestling, men’s soccer, and men’s football) revealed that team members coconstructed and negotiated multiple conflicting structures during concussion events. The divergent macro-, meso-, and micro-level structures include (a) formal versus hidden authority structures, (b) prevention versus inevitability discourse, (c) assigned versus enacted roles, and (d) authentic versus inauthentic injury performance. The analysis also revealed how a specific speech act, termed agentic denial, enabled members to obscure their agency within concussion events. Theoretical implications and practical recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Changes in Maximal Strength and Home Run Performance in NCAA Division I Baseball Players Across 3 Competitive Seasons: A Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
W. Guy Hornsby ◽  
Abigail L. Tice ◽  
Jason D. Stone ◽  
Justin J. Merrigan ◽  
Joshua Hagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Division I ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Division 1

The purpose of this longitudinal, descriptive study was to observe changes in maximal strength measured via isometric clean grip mid-thigh pull and home runs (total and home runs per game) across three years of training and three competitive seasons for four National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 baseball players. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, revealing significant univariate effects of time for peak force (PF) (p = 0.003) and peak force allometrically scaled (PFa) (p = 0.002). Increases in PF were noted from season 1 to season 2 (p = 0.031) and season 3 (p = 0.004), but season 2 was not significantly different than season 3 (p = 0.232). Additionally, increases in PFa were noted from season 1 to season 2 (p = 0.010) and season 3 (p < 0.001), but season 2 was not significantly different than season 3 (p = 0.052). Home runs per game rose from the 2009 (0.32) to 2010 season (1.35) and dropped during the 2011 season (1.07). A unique aspect of the study involves 2010 being the season in which ball-bat coefficient of restitution (BBCOR) bats were introduced to the NCAA competition.

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