Making cross-cutting exposure more deliberative The moderating role of the equality rule in online discussions on a gender issue

Contrary to the normative emphasis on the rule of equality in the deliberation literature, little has been known about empirical consequences of the rule of equality, especially when applied in online discussions where political disagreement is prevalent. Given that hostile gender-related discussions have been noticeably increasing in South Korea, we investigated whether applying deliberative rules, especially cross-cutting exposure and equality, can improve gender-issue discussion quality and foster mutual understanding and healthy political engagement. For this purpose, we designed an online experiment involving moderated deliberations on the abolition of the national abortion ban via KakaoTalk, the most popular messenger platform in South Korea. The deliberative qualities of online discussions in terms of rationality and civility were assessed in a more objective and unobtrusive way: a content analysis of actual conversation transcripts. Participatory intention for gender issue-related activities and civic attitudes were also measured. Results indicate the equality rule can help to promote normatively desirable outcomes in discussions with disagreeing others while the positive effects of cross-cutting exposure were found limited. When combined with the rule of equality, hearing the other side meaningfully enhanced the deliberative qualities and participatory intentions of discussants.

Gender Bias and Sexual Harassment in the Mining Industry: Unceasing Hurdles to Females’ Career Development and Work Safety

Introduction: Gender issue has been tremendously discussed all over the world, and it inhibits females’ career development and work safety. Nevertheless, it specifically persists in the mining industry and continues to discourage women from developing and managing their careers in the mining industry. Moreover, gender issue hampers their work safety as well in spite of the fact that researchers have estimated that around 10% of females work in the mining sector. This research aims to explain how gender bias and sexual harassment in the mining industry hamper females’ career development and work safety, which in turn affects this industry’s sustainable development. Methods: The method of this study was qualitative descriptive research approach, and the snowball sampling technique was used, where researchers selected 23 informants who had experienced gender bias and sexual harassment while working in mining companies. Phone interviews were conducted, and informants answered questions about gender bias and sexual harassment in the workplace towards their career development. Transcription, segmentation and conceptualization were done to analyze data. Results: The research results have shown that gender bias and sexual harassment are big stumbling blocks not only to women’s career development and work safety in the mining sector but also to the industry itself. The research has revealed that the hiring process, where most women get rejected because of wrong perceptions and cultural background that mining-related works are for men, plays a big role in this issue. Moreover, those who are hired are not taken care of. Conclusion: Gender bias and sexual harassment significantly affect career development of female workers, and they also hinder their work safety and financial stability.Keywords: career development, mining, gender bias, sexual harassment, work safety

Representations of the Ideological Identity of Woman Characteristics in Commercial Advertisements

Commercial advertisement is a form of communication with the intention of promoting the sale of a particular product attached to a brand. The main strength of advertisement lies in the language and word choice (verbal signs), images (visual signs) as well as their creativity which is made as attractive as possible and followed by trends or phenomena that exist in the world, one of them is a gender issue. In commercial ads, woman is often shown referring to certain stereotypes so this research object is an advertisement that features woman as the main model. This research is focused on how advertising creates meanings regarding gender issues, especially for women through myth and ideology. Specifically, this research aims to describe the signs found in ads, the meaning of the signs, and ideological identity of the woman. The theory used in this research is the theory of semiotic by Roland Barthes (1991) and the theory of ideology by John Storey (2004). The data source of this research is commercial advertisements that have been shown on television. In collecting the data, the writer used the documentation method, observation method, and note taking technique. The collected data are classified based on their verbal and visual signs first. Then the data were analyzed based on denotative meaning, connotative meaning, myth, and representations of the ideological identity of woman produced by signs. The results of the analysis were presented by using formal and informal methods. Based on the results of the analysis, in Kondom Sutra ads there are two verbal signs in the form of dialog spoken by a woman and a man and there are six visual signs that produced denotative meaning and connotative meaning. The representation of ideological identity of woman that produced in this ads is, woman imagine as sensuality person. It shows from her sexy clothes, facial expressions like beating her lips and body curve that are able to arouse passion of the audiences.

ГРЕЧЕСКИЙ КОФЕ И ТРАДИЦИИ ГРЕЧЕСКОЙ КОФЕЙНИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

Статья посвящена кофе и кофейне в новогреческой культуре. Варианты названия кофе у греков встраиваются в определенный политический дискурс, открывающий различные грани длительного и незавершенного конфликта Греции и Турции. Похожие процессы «переназывания» напитка с использованием этнонима наблюдаются и в других балканских странах. Родившись из турецкой традиции, во времена греческого освободительного движения против османского владычества, греческая традиционная кофейня нередко становится местом, где обсуждаются пути развития нового государства и греческой идентичности. В наше время ракурс дискуссий смещается на противостояние различных партий и гендерный вопрос, что приводит к возникновению такого феномена как «женская кофейня», который впервые исследуется в данной статье. «Женская кофейня», с одной стороны, нарушает традицию, но с другой – лишний раз раскрывает неизменные черты и механизмы новогреческой традиционной культуры. The article is dedicated to coffee and coffee houses in modern Greek culture. Names of coffee types among the Greeks are embedded in a specific political discourse that sheds light on the long and unfinished conflict between Greece and Turkey. Similar processes of re-naming drinks with ethnonyms in their names are observed in other Balkan countries. A traditional Greek coffee house has its roots in the Turkish tradition. During the Greek liberation movement against the Ottomans, it often becomes a place to discuss the development of a new state and Greek identity. Nowadays, the focus of discussions is shifting to the confrontation between different parties and the gender issue, which even leads to the phenomenon of a “women's coffee house”, which is first explored in the present study. On the one hand, a “women's coffee house” violates tradition, but on the other, it once again reveals the constant nature and mechanisms of modern Greek traditional culture.

The Bridge – Gender Issue

Blogs about gender from the April 2018 edition of The Bridge, ACAMH's journal of secondary publication.

Capital sexual y desamor en la trilogía del paraíso de Ulrich Seidl=Sexual Capital and Heartbreak in the Paradise Trilogy of Ulrich Seidl

<p align="left"><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>En el presente artículo tratamos de mostrar la necesidad de una lectura de la agencia femenina desde una perspectiva multidimensional que atienda a la intersección de la cuestión de género con otras variables relacionadas con la nacionalidad, la clase social, la edad, etc. En este sentido, la obra del director austríaco Ulrich Seidl permite vislumbrar, en su trilogía <em>Paraíso</em> (2012-2013), la complejidad que acompaña a la posición de las mujeres en la sociedad austríaca contemporánea como reflejo de un occidente en decadencia. Para establecer una lectura crítica de los discursos sobre la capacidad de decisión y acción de las protagonistas respecto a cuestiones como la sexualidad y el amor contenidos en esta trilogía, partiremos de la teoría del capital sexual tardomoderno propuesta por las sociólogas Eva Illouz y Dana Kaplan, así como de las teorías sociológicas sobre el amor de la primera autora citada.</p><p align="left"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In this article we show the need for a reading of female agency from a multidimensional perspective that addresses the intersection of the gender issue with other variables related to nationality, social class, age, etc. In this sense, the work of the Austrian director Ulrich Seidl allows us to glimpse, in his Paradise Trilogy (2012-2013), the complexity that accompanies the position of women in contemporary Austrian society as a reflection of a West in decline. To establish a critical reading of the discourses on the decision-making and action capacity of the protagonists regarding issues such as sexuality and love contained in this trilogy, we will start from the theory of late modern sexual capital proposed by the sociologists Eva Illouz and Dana Kaplan as well as the sociological theories on love of the first cited author.</p>

Representasi Gender Inequality dalam Film Kim Ji-Young, Born 1982 (Analisis Wacana Kritis Sara Mills)

ABSTRACTGender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. This situation occurs more common in countries that still uphold of patriarchal system in their social structure where men hold the highest position in daily and it was considered appropriate to discriminate women as they dominate them. As it seems in “Kim Ji-young, Born 1982”, a film that tried to speak up about gender issue that has been happened in South Korea. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative to analyze how they portrayed gender inequality through research method with the approach of critical discourse analysis by Sara Mills. The conclusion of this article is as mass media, film has roles to entertain, to inform, to persuade, and to educate people. And yet in this case also to reveal the reality about how women are treated as weaklings in society and it is inevitable for women to face gender inequality.Keywords: gender inequality, gender, film, critical discourse analysis, Sara MillsABSTRAKKetidaksetaraan Gender merupakan suatu kondisi dimana terjadi ketidakadilan atau perbedaan antara laki-laki dan perempuan hingga muncul diskriminatif. Keadaan ini lebih banyak terjadi di negara yang memegang teguh struktur sosial patriarkhi, dimana laki-laki mempunyai kedudukan tertinggi pada seluruh kehidupan dan dianggap patut untuk mendominasi dan mendeskriditkan kaum perempuan. Seperti halnya dalam film Kim Ji-young, Born 1982 yang mencoba mengangkat isu gender yang terjadi di Korea Selatan. Menggunakan meode deskriptif kualitatif penelitian ini mengupas nilai-nilai ketidaksetaraan gender melalui pendekatan teori analisis wacana kritis cetusan Sara Mills. Simpulan dari tulisan ini yaitu film sebagai media massa memperlihatkan realitas bagaimana perempuan dalam konstruk sosial diperlakukan sebagai sosok yang lemah dan tidak terelakkan dari ketimpangan akibat dari ketidakadilan gender yang membudaya di masyarakat.Kata Kunci: ketidaksetaraan gender, gender, film, analisis wacana kritis, Sara Mills