Xs and Os and What the Coach Knows: Improving Team Strategy through Critical Thinking

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Strean ◽  
Kim L. Senecal ◽  
Stephen G. Howlett ◽  
J. Mark Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Causal Assumptions ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
And Performance

Critical thinking can be defined most simply as thinking that assesses itself (Paul, 1995). We explored the degree to which coaches engage in critical thinking about strategy. We used Brookfield’s (1995) critical thinking model to examine coaches’ strategic thinking processes. The merit of the model as a tool to facilitate research and intervention in team sports was considered. We examined whether identifying and examining paradigmatic, prescriptive, and causal assumptions, as well as exploring alternatives for thinking and acting, can improve team strategy. The results provide examples of these various conceptual categories. The data support the use of Brookfield’s (1995) model for understanding and intervening with coaches and athletes. Examples of how sport psychology and performance enhancement consultants might use this model in their work are offered.

An Integrated, Multifactorial Approach to Periodization for Optimal Performance in Individual and Team Sports

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Shona Halson ◽  
Louise M. Burke ◽  
Gloria Balagué ◽  
Damian Farrow
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Recent Criticism ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Altitude Adaptation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Multifactorial Approach

Sports periodization has traditionally focused on the exercise aspect of athletic preparation, while neglecting the integration of other elements that can impact an athlete’s readiness for peak competition performances. Integrated periodization allows the coordinated inclusion of multiple training components best suited for a given training phase into an athlete’s program. The aim of this article is to review the available evidence underpinning integrated periodization, focusing on exercise training, recovery, nutrition, psychological skills, and skill acquisition as key factors by which athletic preparation can be periodized. The periodization of heat and altitude adaptation, body composition, and physical therapy is also considered. Despite recent criticism, various methods of exercise training periodization can contribute to performance enhancement in a variety of elite individual and team sports, such as soccer. In the latter, both physical and strategic periodization are useful tools for managing the heavy travel schedule, fatigue, and injuries that occur throughout a competitive season. Recovery interventions should be periodized (ie, withheld or emphasized) to influence acute and chronic training adaptation and performance. Nutrient intake and timing in relation to exercise and as part of the periodization of an athlete’s training and competition calendar can also promote physiological adaptations and performance capacity. Psychological skills are a central component of athletic performance, and their periodization should cater to each athlete’s individual needs and the needs of the team. Skill acquisition can also be integrated into an athlete’s periodized training program to make a significant contribution to competition performance.

Performance Enhancement for Ballroom Dancers: Psychological Perspectives

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patsy Tremayne ◽  
Debra A. Ballinger
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Mental Preparation ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Ballroom Dance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Insight Into

Ballroom dance has resurfaced worldwide as a highly popular competitive sport and might be added to Olympic medal competition for the 2012 London Games. This resurgence presents opportunities for sport psychologists to provide psychological-skills and performance-enhancement training for ballroom dancers at all competitive levels. Few sport psychologists have the personal experience, expertise, or an adequate knowledge base about the competitive-ballroom-dance environment to provide meaningful intervention strategies for participants. This article was developed to provide initial guidance for sport psychology professionals interested in working in this environment. An overview of the competitive-dance and ballroom-dance environment, strategies used by dance couples for enhanced mental preparation before and during dance competitions, and excerpts from an interview with an Australian championship-level couple provide readers insight into performance-enhancement strategies for DanceSport.

Sport Psychology Considerations in Intercollegiate Athletics in the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Bader ◽  
Scott B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Athletic Department ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic ◽  
And Performance

As a field of study, sport psychology is relatively young, gaining its formalized start in the United States in the 1920s. Then and now, the practice of sport psychology is concerned with the recognition of psychological factors that influence performance and ensuring that individuals and teams can perform at an optimal level. In the past 30 years, sport psychologists have made their way into intercollegiate athletics departments providing mental health and performance enhancement services to intercollegiate student-athletes. The differentiation between mental health practice and performance enhancement practice is still a source of some confusion for individuals tasked with hiring sport psychology professionals. Additionally, many traditionally trained practitioners (in both mental health and performance enhancement) are unaware of the dynamics of an intercollegiate athletic department. The interplay of the practitioner and those departmental dynamics can greatly influence the efficacy of the practitioner.

History of Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology in Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Bond ◽  
Tony Morris
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Performance Psychology ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Sports Programs ◽  
Conference Presentations ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance

Australian sport psychology was effectively “launched” in conjunction with the establishment of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) in 1981. Prior to this date, sport psychology sat within the realm of a small number of research academics in tertiary institutions and many more unqualified practitioners with backgrounds in sport, hypnotherapy, medicine, and marketing and sales. The commencement of the legitimacy of the profession in the early 1980s correlated with the co-location of the AIS Sport Psychology Department with other sports medicine and sports science disciplines. From this rather humble but significant beginning, Australian sport psychology quickly became integrated into the training and competition plans of the vast majority of Australian Olympic sports and the developing professional football, tennis, golf, and cricket codes. The rapid growth of the AIS and its team of qualified and experienced sport psychology practitioners, combined with international competition exposure, international conference presentations, reciprocal visits to international sports institutes, and Olympic training centers culminated in the inclusion of sport psychology within the auspices of the Australian Psychological Society (APS) and the accreditation of undergraduate and postgraduate tertiary programs in Australian universities. Applied sport psychology services are now a regular inclusion in most, if not all, Australian sports programs. An increasing emphasis on athlete and coach mental health in conjunction with the performance enhancement capability associated with sport psychology support has firmly entrenched the profession within the Australian sporting milieu.

Single-Subject Designs for Evaluation of Sport Psychology Interventions

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne J. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Sport Skills ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Single Subject Designs

The case is made for using single-subject designs in evaluating psychological interventions for sport skills acquisition and performance enhancement. Advantages of single-subject designs are discussed, along with examples and considerations in the use of the A-B-A-B and multiple-baseline designs.

Reflections on Providing Personal and Performance Enhancement Consulting Services in Professional Baseball

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey A. Dorfman
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
Minor League ◽  
And Performance

This article describes the delivery of personal and performance enhancement consulting services to the major league and minor league teams in the Oakland Athletics baseball organization over a 6-year period. The use of a combined clinical, educational approach is discussed as well as the range and type of services provided in the role as a full-time instructor/counselor. Factors affecting the effectiveness of delivering sport psychology services to professional baseball players are discussed, with special emphasis on developing trust and a good connection in the player/consultant relationship.

scholarly journals Masters Athletes’ Views on Sport Psychology for Performance Enhancement and Sport Lifestyle Adherence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tyler Makepeace ◽  
Bradley W. Young ◽  
Scott Rathwell
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Masters Athletes

This study explored the views of Canadian Masters athletes (MAs; Mage = 51, range 38–62; three men and five women) from 12 sports (10 individual and two team sports) on sport psychology for performance, experiential, and lifestyle enhancement. Using Braun and Clarke’s procedures for thematic analysis, the authors interpreted data from semistructured interviews deductively in relation to five strategic themes in which psychological skills are applied for performance enhancement. Deductive results demonstrated MAs used goal setting, imagery, arousal regulation, concentration, and self-confidence to enhance performance and obtain competitive advantages. The authors also analyzed data inductively to reveal themes related to experiential and lifestyle factors. Inductive results showed that MAs “placed priorities on sport,” which involved cognitively justifying the priority and framing sport as an outlet and as the embodiment of the authentic self. Social strategies associated with continued sport pursuit included cultivation of supportive social environments, social contracts/negotiations, social signaling, and social accountability. Strategies “to fit sport in” included integrating/twinning, scheduling, and managing commitment. Managing age-related concerns involved mindfulness and compensation strategies. Results show how MAs uniquely apply sport psychology to enhance their performance and to support sport adherence.

Issues Confronting Female Sport Psychology Consultants Working with Male Student-Athletes

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi Yambor ◽  
Deidre Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
Male Client ◽  
Delivery Of Services ◽  
And Performance

This article discusses issues related to the delivery of personal and performance enhancement consulting services to male student-athletes by female sport psychology consultants. A holistic, developmental, educational philosophy is described as a basis for providing services. Ethics, delivery, and consultant effectiveness are discussed relative to the male client/female consultant situation. A number of prevalent attitudes and stereotypes that may present obstacles to the successful delivery of services are discussed, along with the authors’ experiences and suggested tactics to minimize or confront and cope with these potential barriers.

Facilitating critical thinking in online courses

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Lunney, RN, PhD ◽  
Keville Frederickson, RN, PhD ◽  
Arlene Spark, EdD, RD, FADA, FACN ◽  
Georgia McDuffie, RN, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Thinking Processes

Development of critical thinking abilities is essential for students in clinical disciplines of the health sciences. Past research has shown that critical thinking is a learned skill that can be fostered through teaching strategies. Ten educational strategies that were developed and tested by the authors in online courses are presented to assist instructors to encourage students in the health sciences to improve critical thinking processes.

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