scholarly journals Emotions in Team Contact Sports: A Systematic Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël Campo ◽  
Stephen Mellalieu ◽  
Claude Ferrand ◽  
Guillaume Martinent ◽  
Elisabeth Rosnet
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Relational Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Specific Regulation

This study systematically reviewed the literature on the emotional processes associated with performance in team contact sports. To consider the entire emotional spectrum, Lazarus’s (1999) cognitive motivational relational theory was used as a guiding framework. An electronic search of the literature identified 48 of 5,079 papers as relevant. Anxiety and anger were found to be the most common emotions studied, potentially due to the combative nature of team contact sports. The influence of group processes on emotional experiences was also prominent. The findings highlight the need to increase awareness of the emotional experience in team contact sports and to develop emotion-specific regulation strategies. Recommendations for future research include exploring other emotions that might emerge from situations related to collisions (e.g., fright) and emotions related to relationships with teammates (e.g., guilt and compassion).

scholarly journals I don´t fit, so I blame you? - Influence of Regulatory Focus and Fit on Emotion Generation and Regulation in Single- and Group-Context

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Martin Jones ◽  
Daniel Memmert
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Regulatory Fit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Group Environments

Person-environment-interactions play a main role in the process of emotional experience. While Regulatory Focus Theory has been adopted to illustrate how some goal-oriented parts of this process might shape by proposing a regulatory fit between individual and environmental characteristics, whether this fit not only implies feeling “right” but feeling “good” or at least cope better, has not been tested empirically. In this study, we extend earlier research on the influence of regulatory fit to the generation and regulation of emotions. We additionally emphasize the role of the context, by integrating current work on group-based emotion regulation in comparing single- and group-environments. We used a within-subjects design, with 2 (situational focus) x 2 (single/group environment) levels. Thirty-two male football players participated in one football-specific task per level. Emotional experience and cognitive regulation strategies were measured after each. Multilevel regression showed, that a regulatory fit predicted more passive-negative emotions in both and more active-negative emotions in the group-environments. The Regulatory fit predicted stronger use of functional regulation strategies in the single- but less in the group-environment. Group-membership predicted stronger use of group-based regulation strategies and weaker use of other strategies – thus indicating further constraints and new ways to cope. We discuss the counter-intuitive results regarding emotional experience in the light of the athletic context as well as theoretical accounts of regulatory fit and its role in moderating motivational intensity and value assignment. Results regarding influence of group-membership are integrated into current research and we highlight directions for future research.

scholarly journals Understanding Emotion in Adolescents: A Review of Emotional Frequency, Intensity, Instability, and Clarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha H. Bailen ◽  
Lauren M. Green ◽  
Renee J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Typical Trajectory ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Intensity Instability ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Adolescence is a time of transition from childhood to adulthood during which significant changes occur across multiple domains, including emotional experience. This article reviews the relevant literature on adolescents’ experience of four specific dimensions of emotion: emotional frequency, intensity, instability, and clarity. In an effort to examine how emotional experiences change as individuals approach adulthood, we examine these dimensions across ages 10 to 19, and review how the emotional functioning of adolescents compares to that of adults. In addition, we explore whether and how gender and puberty explain age differences in emotional experience. Finally, we discuss how these findings could inform future research on both the typical trajectory of emotional experience and the development of psychopathology in adolescence.

scholarly journals Differences in emotion regulation strategies across time and situational contexts among emotion laborers

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-605
Author(s):  
MinYoung Kim ◽  
Sohee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regulation Strategies

 This study investigated emotional experience and emotion regulations among emotional laborers at work and off work across work years. In order to make a cross-sectional approach, 165 cabin crews were recruited from a commercial airline in Korea, whose work experiences varies from 1 month to longer than 16 years. The results of regression analysis showed that negative emotional experiences were explained by work years. However, positive emotional experiences reduced among laborers with up to around 8 work years and then increased. Such curvlinear pattern was also found in cognitive reappraisal, which is a type of emotion regulation strategies. In addition, we conducted moderation analyses to investigate the association between emotion regulation at work and off work in terms of work years. The results showed that the association between cognitive reappraisal at work and off work were stronger among laborers with short work years than those with long work years. These findings suggest that the maladaptive consequences of emotional labor such as less positive emotional experiences, less cognitive reappraisal, and more spillover effect may tone down at some point of work years. Theoretical implications and suggestions for practitioners were included.

The Development of Moral Self-Presentation

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-109
Author(s):  
Robin Banerjee ◽  
Gail D. Heyman ◽  
Kang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Moral Self ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Context

Children come to recognize that the impressions one makes on other people can be controlled and managed. In this chapter, the authors situate the development of such “self-presentation” in the moral context, with attention to a range of relevant social, cultural, cognitive, motivational, and emotional processes. Children’s appreciation of self-presentational tactics such as self-promotion, modesty, and ingratiation is reviewed before turning specifically to the factors involved in deception and truth-telling. The authors analyze the emergence of children’s self-presentational competencies in shaping both their own individual reputations and the reputations of the social groups with which they identify, especially in contexts where moral and social-conventional rules have been transgressed. Key goals for future research that illuminates the nature and implications of children’s moral self-presentation are identified.

scholarly journals A group processes approach to antiscience beliefs and endorsement of “alternative facts”

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
Bastiaan T. Rutjens ◽  
Sander van der Linden ◽  
Romy van der Lee ◽  
Natalia Zarzeczna
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
Intragroup Processes ◽  
Group Identities

The global spread of antiscience beliefs, misinformation, fake news, and conspiracy theories is posing a threat to the well-being of individuals and societies worldwide. Accordingly, research on why people increasingly doubt science and endorse “alternative facts” is flourishing. Much of this work has focused on identifying cognitive biases and individual differences. Importantly, however, the reasons that lead people to question mainstream scientific findings and share misinformation are also inherently tied to social processes that emerge out of divisive commitments to group identities and worldviews. In this special issue, we focus on the important and thus far neglected role of group processes in motivating science skepticism. The articles that feature in this special issue cover three core areas: the group-based roots of antiscience attitudes; the intergroup dynamics between science and conspiratorial thinking; and finally, insights about science denial related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Across all articles, we highlight the role of worldviews, identities, norms, religion, and other inter- and intragroup processes that shape antiscientific attitudes. We hope that this collection will inspire future research endeavors that take a group processes approach to the social psychological study of science skepticism.

scholarly journals Interventions to Improve Patient Comprehension in Informed Consent for Medical and Surgical Procedures: An Updated Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Glaser ◽  
Sarah Nouri ◽  
Alicia Fernandez ◽  
Rebecca L. Sudore ◽  
Dean Schillinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Feedback ◽  
Patient Comprehension ◽  
Improve Patient

Background. Patient comprehension is fundamental to valid informed consent. Current practices often result in inadequate patient comprehension. Purpose. An updated review to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of interventions to improve patient comprehension in clinical informed consent. Data Sources. Systematic searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE (2008–2018). Study Selection. We included randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials evaluating interventions to improve patient comprehension in clinical informed consent. Data Extraction. Reviewers independently abstracted data using a standardized form, comparing all results and resolving disagreements by consensus. Data Synthesis. Fifty-two studies of 60 interventions met inclusion criteria. Compared with standard informed consent, a statistically significant improvement in patient comprehension was seen with 43% (6/14) of written interventions, 56% (15/27) of audiovisual interventions, 67% (2/3) of multicomponent interventions, 85% (11/13) of interactive digital interventions, and 100% (3/3) of verbal discussion with test/feedback or teach-back interventions. Eighty-five percent of studies (44/52) evaluated patients’ understanding of risks, 69% (41/52) general knowledge about the procedure, 35% (18/52) understanding of benefits, and 31% (16/52) understanding of alternatives. Participants’ education level was reported heterogeneously, and only 8% (4/52) of studies examined effects according to health literacy. Most studies (79%, 41/52) did not specify participants’ race/ethnicity. Limitations. Variation in interventions and outcome measures precluded conduct of a meta-analysis or calculation of mean effect size. Control group processes were variable and inconsistently characterized. Nearly half of studies (44%, 23/52) had a high risk of bias for the patient comprehension outcome. Conclusions. Interventions to improve patient comprehension in informed consent are heterogeneous. Interactive interventions, particularly with test/feedback or teach-back components, appear superior. Future research should emphasize all key elements of informed consent and explore effects among vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Cultural Differences in the Hedonic Rewards of Recalling Kindness: Priming Cultural Identity with Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Lilian J. Shin ◽  
Seth M. Margolis ◽  
Lisa C. Walsh ◽  
Sylvia Y. C. L. Kwok ◽  
Xiaodong Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
The Usa

AbstractRecent theory suggests that members of interdependent (collectivist) cultures prioritize in-group happiness, whereas members of independent (individualist) cultures prioritize personal happiness (Uchida et al. Journal of Happiness Studies, 5(3), 223–239 Uchida et al., 2004). Thus, the well-being of friends and family may contribute more to the emotional experience of individuals with collectivist rather than individualist identities. We tested this hypothesis by asking participants to recall a kind act they had done to benefit either close others (e.g., family members) or distant others (e.g., strangers). Study 1 primed collectivist and individualist cultural identities by asking bicultural undergraduates (N = 357) from Hong Kong to recall kindnesses towards close versus distant others in both English and Chinese, while Study 2 compared university students in the USA (n = 106) and Hong Kong (n = 93). In Study 1, after being primed with the Chinese language (but not after being primed with English), participants reported significantly improved affect valence after recalling kind acts towards friends and family than after recalling kind acts towards strangers. Extending this result, in Study 2, respondents from Hong Kong (but not the USA) who recalled kind acts towards friends and family showed higher positive affect than those who recalled kind acts towards strangers. These findings suggest that people with collectivist cultural identities may have relatively more positive and less negative emotional experiences when they focus on prosocial interactions with close rather than weak ties.

scholarly journals Future research avenues to facilitate social connectedness and safe collective behavior at organized crowd events

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Anne Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Accurate Perception ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Crowd Psychology ◽  
Perception Of Health

During the COVID-19 pandemic, organizers of crowd events must facilitate physical distancing in environments where attendees previously enjoyed being close with ingroup members, encourage accurate perception of health risks and close adherence to safety guidance, and stop expected normative behaviors that may now be unsafe. Research from crowd psychology demonstrates how group processes are integral to each of these issues. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, has created an extreme case environment in which to evaluate the collective findings from previous research and identify future research directions. This paper outlines how organizers of crowd events and researchers can work together to further develop our understanding of social connectedness in crowds, reasons for risk-taking behavior, and level of engagement in new collective behaviors. By working together to address these issues, practitioners and researchers can develop our understanding of crowd processes and improve safety at future crowd events.

scholarly journals A qualitative study of the shared experience of humour between people living with dementia and their partners

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1794-1810
Author(s):  
Helen Hickman ◽  
Chris Clarke ◽  
Emma Wolverson
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Relationship Strength ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Care Partners ◽  
Person With Dementia

Humour is a complex social and emotional experience which could constitute a positive resource for people endeavouring to live well with dementia. However, little is currently known about the shared use and value of humour in dyads where one person has dementia. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore how people with dementia and their care-partners experience, use and draw meaning from humour in relation to their shared experiences of dementia and their ongoing relationships. Ten participant dyads (the person with dementia and their spousal partner) took part in joint semi-structured interviews. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis revealed eight subthemes that were subsumed under three super-ordinate themes: ‘Humour Has Always Been There (and Always Will Be)’; ‘Withstanding Dementia’ and ‘Renewing the Value of Humour in Dementia’. Overall, the findings suggest that humour, in different forms, can represent a salient and enduring relationship strength that helps dyads maintain well-being and couplehood by providing a buffer against stressors associated with dementia. The findings highlight the potential value of integrating a dyadic perspective with strengths-based approaches in future research into how people live well with dementia.

scholarly journals 0322 Napping, Inhibitory Control, and Self-Regulation in 2-Year-Old Children

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A122-A122
Author(s):  
E L Shalowitz ◽  
A M Miller ◽  
J R Harsh ◽  
M K LeBourgeois
Keyword(s):  
School Readiness ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Delay Of Gratification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Abstract Introduction Poor sleep in early childhood is linked to reduced school readiness. This study examined the role of acute sleep loss in behavioral self-regulation using a delay of gratification task. We hypothesized that after acute nap deprivation, toddlers would have worse inhibitory control and resort to more maladaptive self-regulation strategies than after a nap. Methods 25 healthy children (11 males, 34.1±2.3 months-old) followed a strict sleep schedule for ≥5 days before a baseline (nap) and an acute nap deprivation condition (no-nap). After being introduced to an age-appropriate toy, children were instructed not to touch the toy and left alone for 3-minutes. To assess inhibitory control, videos of the waiting period were behaviorally coded for latency to touch and 11 self-regulation strategies. We combined strategies into adaptive and maladaptive composites; higher scores on each composite indicated greater use. Results During the nap condition, 19 children touched the toy (latency to touch=70.0±60.7 sec); during the no-nap condition, 18 children touched the toy (latency to touch=65.4±71.6 sec). The adaptive composite score was 1.58±0.25 for the nap condition and 1.17±0.27 for the no-nap condition. The maladaptive score was 0.92±0.17 for the nap condition and 0.83±0.19 for the no-nap condition. We found no differences between conditions in the number of children who touched the toy (X2=0, p=0.50), mean latency to touch (t=0.27, p=0.39), or the composite scores of adaptive (z=0.35, p=0.12) and maladaptive strategies (z=0.09, p=0.69). Conclusion Findings indicate that acute nap deprivation may not have an immediate impact on inhibitory control and self-regulation in toddlers. 30-36 months old children may not have sufficient cognitive resources to exert inhibitory control and self-regulate whether or not they have obtained adequate daytime sleep. Future research should examine developmental changes in the effects of acute sleep restriction on behavioral self-regulation. Support Research support from NIH R01-MH086566 to MKL.

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