scholarly journals Mucosal immunity–mediated modulation of the gut microbiome by oral delivery of probiotics into Peyer’s patches

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. eabf0677
Author(s):  
Sisi Lin ◽  
Subhajit Mukherjee ◽  
Juanjuan Li ◽  
Weiliang Hou ◽  
Chao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Microfold Cells

Methods capable of maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis to prevent bacterial translocation and infection under external threats are critical for multiple facets of human health but have been rarely reported. Here, we describe the elicitation of mucosal immunity to modulate the gut microbiota by oral delivery of living probiotics into Peyer’s patches. Probiotics are individually camouflaged within a yeast membrane, on which the embedded β-glucan can facilitate the phagocytosis of microfold cells that locate in the intestinal epithelium. The delivery of probiotics into lymphoid follicles after oral ingestion promotes robust mucosal immune responses and notably upgrades the production of secretory immunoglobulin A. The provoked immunity positively regulates the gut microflora, which, in turn, retains gut homeostasis and provides defense against environmental attacks. In two murine models of gut barrier impairment, oral administration with camouflaged probiotics effectively prevents the breakdown of intestinal barrier and evidences limited bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation.

scholarly journals Effect of TU‐100 on Peyer's patches in a bacterial translocation rat model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chie Takasu ◽  
Katsuki Miyazaki ◽  
Kozo Yoshikawa ◽  
Masaaki Nishi ◽  
Takuya Tokunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches

scholarly journals The DNA Sensor AIM2 Protects against Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes by Regulating Intestinal Homeostasis via the IL-18 Pathway

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Antônio Leite ◽  
Gabriela Pessenda ◽  
Isabel C. Guerra-Gomes ◽  
Alynne Karen Mendonça de Santana ◽  
Camila André Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Dna Sensor ◽  
Proinflammatory Response

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Nod2, Nlrp3, Tlr2, Trl4, and Tlr9, are directly involved in type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility. However, the role of the cytosolic DNA sensor, AIM2, in T1D pathogenesis is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that C57BL/6 mice lacking AIM2 (AIM2−/−) are prone to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D, compared to WT C57BL/6 mice. The AIM2−/− mice phenotype is associated with a greater proinflammatory response in pancreatic tissues, alterations in gut microbiota and bacterial translocation to pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs). These alterations are related to an increased intestinal permeability mediated by tight-junction disruption. Notably, AIM2−/− mice treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX) are protected from STZ-induced T1D and display a lower pancreatic proinflammatory response. Mechanistically, the AIM2 inflammasome is activated in vivo, leading to an IL-18 release in the ileum at 15 days after an STZ injection. IL-18 favors RegIIIγ production, thus mitigating gut microbiota alterations and reinforcing the intestinal barrier function. Together, our findings show a regulatory role of AIM2, mediated by IL-18, in shaping gut microbiota and reducing bacterial translocation and proinflammatory response against insulin-producing β cells, which ultimately results in protection against T1D onset in an STZ-induced diabetes model.

Isolation oflactobacillus reuterifrom Peyer's patches and their effects on sIgA production and gut microbiota diversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2020-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan Wang ◽  
Ya Li ◽  
Hang Xiao ◽  
Yonghui Shi ◽  
Guo-wei Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relationships between Intestinal Regional Lymph Nodes and Immune Responses in Viral Infections in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Yayoi Aoki ◽  
Tomoya Ikeda ◽  
Naoto Tani ◽  
Miho Watanabe ◽  
Takaki Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cultured Human Cells ◽  
Iga Production

Viral infections increase the risk of developing allergies in childhood, and disruption of mucosal homeostasis is presumed to be involved. However, no study has reported a role for viral infections in such disruption. In this study, we clarified the mechanism of immunoglobulin A (IgA) overproduction in viral infections. Autopsies were performed on 33 pediatric cases, IgA and interferon (IFN)β levels were measured, and histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were conducted. Furthermore, we cultured human cells and measured IFNβ and IgA levels to examine the effect of viral infections on IgA production. Blood IgA levels in viral infections were higher than in bacterial infections. Moreover, IFNβ levels in most viral cases were below the detection limit. Cell culture revealed increased IgA in gastrointestinal lymph nodes, especially in Peyer’s patches, due to enhanced IFNβ after viral stimulation. Conversely, respiratory regional lymph nodes showed enhanced IgA with no marked change in IFNβ. Overproduction of IgA, identified as an aberration of the immune system and resulting from excessive viral infection-induced IFNβ was observed in the intestinal regional lymph nodes, particularly in Peyer’s patches. Further, increased IgA without elevated IFNβ in the respiratory system suggested the possibility of a different mechanism from the gastrointestinal system.

scholarly journals S100A4 Protein Is Essential for the Development of Mature Microfold Cells in Peyer’s Patches

Cell Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 2823-2834.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazufumi Kunimura ◽  
Daiji Sakata ◽  
Xin Tun ◽  
Takehito Uruno ◽  
Miho Ushijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
S100a4 Protein ◽  
Microfold Cells

scholarly journals Peyer's Patches Are Required for Intestinal Immunoglobulin A Responses to Salmonella spp.

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Hashizume ◽  
Atsushi Togawa ◽  
Tomonori Nochi ◽  
Osamu Igarashi ◽  
Mi-Na Kweon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Bacterial Antigen ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Intestinal Iga

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that Peyer's patches (PP) are not required for intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses to orally administered soluble protein. However, the roles of PP in regulation of mucosal immune responses against bacterial antigen remain to be clarified. In the present study, we generated several gut-associated lymphoreticular tissue-null mice by treatment with anti-interleukin-7 receptor antibody, the fusion protein of lymphotoxin β receptor and IgG Fc, and/or tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 and IgG Fc. These mice were then immunized with recombinant Salmonella expressing the C fragment of the tetanus toxin (rSalmonella-Tox C). Orally immunized PP-null mice as well as isolated lymphoid follicle (ILF)-null, PP/ILF-null, and PP/ILF/mesenteric lymph node-null mice induced identical levels of tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific systemic IgG responses to those of control mice. However, PP-null mice, but not ILF-null mice, failed to induce TT-specific intestinal IgA antibodies. Analysis of TT-specific CD4+ T-cell responses showed a reduction of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) synthesis in the intestinal lamina propriae of PP-null mice given oral rSalmonella-Tox C. In contrast, TT-specific IFN-γ responses in the spleen and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were intact in those immunized mice. Interestingly, Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific fecal IgA responses were not elicited in PP-null mice, while serum IgG anti-LPS antibodies were identical to those of control mice. These results suggest that while none of the gut-associated lymphoreticular tissues are required for the induction of systemic immune responses, PP are an essential lymphoid tissue for induction and regulation of intestinal IgA immunity against orally administered rSalmonella.

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