scholarly journals A chimeric gene paternally instructs female sex determination in the haplodiploid wasp Nasonia

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6520) ◽  
pp. 1115-1118
Author(s):  
Yuan Zou ◽  
Elzemiek Geuverink ◽  
Leo W. Beukeboom ◽  
Eveline C. Verhulst ◽  
Louis van de Zande
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Genomic Rearrangements ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Paternal Genome ◽  
Zygotic Transcription ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Haploid Embryos ◽  
Origin Effect ◽  
Insect Sex

Various primary signals direct insect sex determination. In hymenopteran insects, the presence of a paternal genome is needed to initiate female development. When absent, uniparental haploid males develop. We molecularly and functionally identified the instructor sex-determination gene, wasp overruler of masculinization (wom), of the haplodiploid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. This gene contains a P53-like domain coding region and arose by gene duplication and genomic rearrangements. Maternal silencing of wom results in male development of haploid embryos. Upon fertilization, early zygotic transcription from the paternal wom allele is initiated, followed by a timely zygotic expression of transformer (tra), leading to female development. Wom is an instructor gene with a parent-of-origin effect in sex determination.

Weak male-determining genes and female heterogamety in Chironomus tentans

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-751
Author(s):  
Ray Feraday
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chironomus Tentans ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Female Heterogamety ◽  
Dominant Female

Female heterogamety in the midge Chironomus tentans has been previously reported and attributed to a dominant female determiner. Published results are not consistent with the interpretation, and the female heterogamety, if any, can be better explained by a model involving a weakened male determiner. Suggestions are made for crosses between populations with different sex-determining mechanisms that would discriminate between models for the evolution of female heterogamety, and serve to determine whether indeed female development is the norm in the absence of any parental sex chromosomes.Key words: Chironomus, heterogamety, sex determination, sex chromosome.

The dual role of hermaphrodite in the Drosophila sex determination regulatory hierarchy

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Pultz ◽  
B.S. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Dosage Compensation ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Maternal Function ◽  
Different Levels

The hermaphrodite (her) locus has both maternal and zygotic functions required for normal female development in Drosophila. Maternal her function is needed for the viability of female offspring, while zygotic her function is needed for female sexual differentiation. Here we focus on understanding how her fits into the sex determination regulatory hierarchy. Maternal her function is needed early in the hierarchy: genetic interactions of her with the sisterless genes (sis-a and sis-b), with function-specific Sex-lethal (Sxl) alleles and with the constitutive allele SxlM#1 suggest that maternal her function is needed for Sxl initiation. When mothers are defective for her function, their daughters fail to activate a reporter gene for the Sxl early promoter and are deficient in Sxl protein expression. Dosage compensation is misregulated in the moribund daughters: some salivary gland cells show binding of the maleless (mle) dosage compensation regulatory protein to the X chromosome, a binding pattern normally seen only in males. Thus maternal her function is needed early in the hierarchy as a positive regulator of Sxl, and the maternal effects of her on female viability probably reflect Sxl's role in regulating dosage compensation. In contrast to her's maternal function, her's zygotic function in sex determination acts at the end of the hierarchy. This zygotic effect is not rescued by constitutive Sxl expression, nor by constitutive transformer (tra) expression. Moreover, the expression of doublesex (dsx) transcripts appears normal in her mutant females. We conclude that the maternal and zygotic functions of her are needed at two distinctly different levels of the sex determination regulatory hierarchy.

scholarly journals Parent-of-origin effect in multiple sclerosis: Observations from interracial matings

Neurology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 602-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Ramagopalan ◽  
I. M. Yee ◽  
D. A. Dyment ◽  
S. -M. Orton ◽  
R. A. Marrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effect

scholarly journals A Parent-of-Origin Effect Determines the Susceptibility of a Non-Informative F1 Population to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection In Vivo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e56347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace K. Silva ◽  
Larissa D. Cunha ◽  
Catarina V. Horta ◽  
Alexandre L. N. Silva ◽  
Fredy R. S. Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effect ◽  
Cruzi Infection

scholarly journals Familial autoimmunity: maternal parent-of-origin effect in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Zeft ◽  
Edith S. Shear ◽  
Susan D. Thompson ◽  
David N. Glass ◽  
Sampath Prahalad
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effect

Abstract 3673: Molecular analysis of pheochromocytoma aftermaternaltransmission ofSDHDmutation elucidates mechanism of parent-of-origin effect.

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward S. Tobias ◽  
Phey M. Yeap ◽  
Eleni Mavraki ◽  
Alexander Fletcher ◽  
Marie E. Freel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effect
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