Parallel single-shot measurement and coherent control of solid-state spins below the diffraction limit

Solid-state spin defects are a promising platform for quantum science and technology. The realization of larger-scale quantum systems with solid-state defects will require high-fidelity control over multiple defects with nanoscale separations, with strong spin-spin interactions for multi-qubit logic operations and the creation of entangled states. We demonstrate an optical frequency-domain multiplexing technique, allowing high-fidelity initialization and single-shot spin measurement of six rare-earth (Er3+) ions, within the subwavelength volume of a single, silicon photonic crystal cavity. We also demonstrate subwavelength control over coherent spin rotations by using an optical AC Stark shift. Our approach may be scaled to large numbers of ions with arbitrarily small separation and is a step toward realizing strongly interacting atomic defect ensembles with applications to quantum information processing and fundamental studies of many-body dynamics.

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Observation of an environmentally insensitive solid-state spin defect in diamond

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aao0290 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 361 (6397) ◽

pp. 60-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Brendon C. Rose ◽

Ding Huang ◽

Zi-Huai Zhang ◽

Paul Stevenson ◽

Alexei M. Tyryshkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Relaxation Times ◽

Lattice Relaxation ◽

Spin Lattice Relaxation ◽

Zero Phonon Line ◽

Spin Lattice ◽

Network Applications ◽

Field Noise ◽

Quantum Science ◽

State Spin

Engineering coherent systems is a central goal of quantum science. Color centers in diamond are a promising approach, with the potential to combine the coherence of atoms with the scalability of a solid-state platform. We report a color center that shows insensitivity to environmental decoherence caused by phonons and electric field noise: the neutral charge state of silicon vacancy (SiV0). Through careful materials engineering, we achieved >80% conversion of implanted silicon to SiV0. SiV0 exhibits spin-lattice relaxation times approaching 1 minute and coherence times approaching 1 second. Its optical properties are very favorable, with ~90% of its emission into the zero-phonon line and near–transform-limited optical linewidths. These combined properties make SiV0 a promising defect for quantum network applications.

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Single-Shot Readout of a Solid-State Spin in a Decoherence-Free Subspace

Physical Review Applied ◽

10.1103/physrevapplied.15.l031002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

Author(s):

D. Farfurnik ◽

R. M. Pettit ◽

Z. Luo ◽

E. Waks

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Single Shot ◽

State Spin ◽

Decoherence Free Subspace

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Robust coherent control of solid-state spin qubits using anti-Stokes excitation

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23471-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jun-Feng Wang ◽

Fei-Fei Yan ◽

Qiang Li ◽

Zheng-Hao Liu ◽

Jin-Ming Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Quantum Information ◽

Solid State ◽

Color Center ◽

Coherent Control ◽

Quantum Information Processing ◽

Spin Qubits ◽

Silicon Vacancy ◽

Quantum Sensing ◽

Anti Stokes

AbstractOptically addressable solid-state color center spin qubits have become important platforms for quantum information processing, quantum networks and quantum sensing. The readout of color center spin states with optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) technology is traditionally based on Stokes excitation, where the energy of the exciting laser is higher than that of the emission photons. Here, we investigate an unconventional approach using anti-Stokes excitation to detect the ODMR signal of silicon vacancy defect spin in silicon carbide, where the exciting laser has lower energy than the emitted photons. Laser power, microwave power and temperature dependence of the anti-Stokes excited ODMR are systematically studied, in which the behavior of ODMR contrast and linewidth is shown to be similar to that of Stokes excitation. However, the ODMR contrast is several times that of the Stokes excitation. Coherent control of silicon vacancy spin under anti-Stokes excitation is then realized at room temperature. The spin coherence properties are the same as those of Stokes excitation, but with a signal contrast that is around three times greater. To illustrate the enhanced spin readout contrast under anti-Stokes excitation, we also provide a theoretical model. The experiments demonstrate that the current anti-Stokes excitation ODMR approach has promising applications in quantum information processing and quantum sensing.

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Cavity-enhanced microwave readout of a solid-state spin sensor

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-21256-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Erik R. Eisenach ◽

John F. Barry ◽

Michael F. O’Keeffe ◽

Jennifer M. Schloss ◽

Matthew H. Steinecker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Quantum Electrodynamics ◽

Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy ◽

Microwave Cavity ◽

High Fidelity ◽

Collective Interaction ◽

Nitrogen Vacancy Centers ◽

State Spin ◽

Nyquist Noise

AbstractOvercoming poor readout is an increasingly urgent challenge for devices based on solid-state spin defects, particularly given their rapid adoption in quantum sensing, quantum information, and tests of fundamental physics. However, in spite of experimental progress in specific systems, solid-state spin sensors still lack a universal, high-fidelity readout technique. Here we demonstrate high-fidelity, room-temperature readout of an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers via strong coupling to a dielectric microwave cavity, building on similar techniques commonly applied in cryogenic circuit cavity quantum electrodynamics. This strong collective interaction allows the spin ensemble’s microwave transition to be probed directly, thereby overcoming the optical photon shot noise limitations of conventional fluorescence readout. Applying this technique to magnetometry, we show magnetic sensitivity approaching the Johnson–Nyquist noise limit of the system. Our results pave a clear path to achieve unity readout fidelity of solid-state spin sensors through increased ensemble size, reduced spin-resonance linewidth, or improved cavity quality factor.

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Universal, high-fidelity quantum gates based on superadiabatic, geometric phases on a solid-state spin-qubit at room temperature

npj Quantum Information ◽

10.1038/s41534-018-0098-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Felix Kleißler ◽

Andrii Lazariev ◽

Silvia Arroyo-Camejo

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Quantum Gates ◽

High Fidelity ◽

Geometric Phases ◽

Spin Qubit ◽

State Spin

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Single-shot readout of a solid-state spin in a decoherence-free subspace

Frontiers in Optics / Laser Science ◽

10.1364/fio.2020.jw6a.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Demitry Farfurnik ◽

Robert M. Pettit ◽

Zhouchen Luo ◽

Edo Waks

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Single Shot ◽

State Spin ◽

Decoherence Free Subspace

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Universal coherence protection in a solid-state spin qubit

Science ◽

10.1126/science.abc5186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 369 (6510) ◽

pp. 1493-1497 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kevin C. Miao ◽

Joseph P. Blanton ◽

Christopher P. Anderson ◽

Alexandre Bourassa ◽

Alexander L. Crook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Ground State ◽

Temperature Fluctuations ◽

Coherence Time ◽

Independent Components ◽

Spin Qubit ◽

Quantum Science ◽

State Spin ◽

Ground State Electron ◽

Selection Of

Decoherence limits the physical realization of qubits, and its mitigation is critical for the development of quantum science and technology. We construct a robust qubit embedded in a decoherence-protected subspace, obtained by applying microwave dressing to a clock transition of the ground-state electron spin of a silicon carbide divacancy defect. The qubit is universally protected from magnetic, electric, and temperature fluctuations, which account for nearly all relevant decoherence channels in the solid state. This culminates in an increase of the qubit’s inhomogeneous dephasing time by more than four orders of magnitude (to >22 milliseconds), while its Hahn-echo coherence time approaches 64 milliseconds. Requiring few key platform-independent components, this result suggests that substantial coherence improvements can be achieved in a wide selection of quantum architectures.

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