Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic with millions infected and more than 1 million fatalities. Questions regarding the robustness, functionality, and longevity of the antibody response to the virus remain unanswered. Here, on the basis of a dataset of 30,082 individuals screened at Mount Sinai Health System in New York City, we report that the vast majority of infected individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 experience robust immunoglobulin G antibody responses against the viral spike protein. We also show that titers are relatively stable for at least a period of about 5 months and that anti-spike binding titers significantly correlate with neutralization of authentic SARS-CoV-2. Our data suggest that more than 90% of seroconverters make detectable neutralizing antibody responses. These titers remain relatively stable for several months after infection.

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SARS-CoV-2 infection induces robust, neutralizing antibody responses that are stable for at least three months

10.1101/2020.07.14.20151126 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Ania Wajnberg ◽

Fatima Amanat ◽

Adolfo Firpo ◽

Deena Altman ◽

Mark Bailey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Antibody Response ◽

York City ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Near Term

SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic with millions infected and numerous fatalities. Questions regarding the robustness, functionality and longevity of the antibody response to the virus remain unanswered. Here we report that the vast majority of infected individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 experience robust IgG antibody responses against the viral spike protein, based on a dataset of 19,860 individuals screened at Mount Sinai Health System in New York City. We also show that titers are stable for at least a period approximating three months, and that anti-spike binding titers significantly correlate with neutralization of authentic SARS-CoV-2. Our data suggests that more than 90% of seroconverters make detectible neutralizing antibody responses and that these titers are stable for at least the near-term future.

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Long-term persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific and neutralizing antibodies in recovered COVID-19 patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1073046/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jira Chansaenroj ◽

Ritthideach Yorsaeng ◽

Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽

Chintana Chirathaworn ◽

Natthinee Sudhinaraset ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Immunological Study ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Vaccine Schedule

Abstract Understanding antibody responses after natural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can guide the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine schedule. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, including anti-spike protein 1 (S1) immunoglobulin (Ig)G, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) total Ig, anti-S1 IgA, and neutralizing antibody against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of patients who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Between March and May 2020, 531 individuals with virologically confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in our immunological study. The neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 95.2%, 86.7%, 85.0%, and 85.4% of recovered COVID-19 patients at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after symptom onset, respectively. The seropositivity rate of anti-S1 IgG, anti-RBD total Ig, anti-S1 IgA, and neutralizing titers remained at 68.6%, 89.6%, 77.1%, and 85.4%, respectively, at 12 months after symptom onset. The half-life of neutralizing titers was estimated at 100.7 days (95% confidence interval = 44.5 – 327.4 days, R2 = 0.106). These results support that the decline in serum antibody levels over time depends on the symptom severity, and the individuals with high IgG antibody titers experienced a significantly longer persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses than those with lower titers.

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Potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses are Associated with Better Prognosis in Hospital Inpatient COVID-19 Disease

10.1101/2020.08.22.20176834 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick J Tighe ◽

Richard A Urbanowicz ◽

Lucy Fairclough ◽

C Patrick McClure ◽

Brian J Thomson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Clinical Intervention ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Hospital Inpatient ◽

Protein Variant ◽

Immune Correlates

COVID-19 continues to cause a pandemic, having infected more than 20 million people globally. Successful elimination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus will require an effective vaccine. However, the immune correlates of infection are currently poorly understood. While neutralizing antibodies are believed to be essential for protection against infection, the contribution of the neutralizing antibody response to resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection has not yet been defined. In this study the antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleocapsid proteins were investigated in a UK patient cohort, using optimised immunoassays and a retrovirus-based pseudotype entry assay. It was discovered that in severe COVID-19 infections an early antibody response to both antigens was associated with improved prognosis of infection. While not all SARS-CoV-2-reactive sera were found to possess neutralizing antibodies, neutralizing potency of sera was found to be greater in patients who went on to resolve infection, compared with those that died from COVID-19. Furthermore, viral genetic variation in spike protein was found to influence the production of neutralizing antibodies. Infection with the recently described spike protein variant 614G produced higher levels of neutralizing antibodies when compared to viruses possessing the 614D variant. These findings support the assertion that vaccines targeting generation of neutralizing antibodies may be useful at limiting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Assessment of the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 at time of diagnosis will be a useful addition to the diagnostic toolkit, enabling stratification of clinical intervention for severe COVID-19 disease.

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The localized rise of a B.1.526 variant containing an E484K mutation in New York State

10.1101/2021.02.26.21251868 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Erica Lasek-Nesselquist ◽

Pascal Lapierre ◽

Erasmus Schneider ◽

Kirsten St. George ◽

Janice Pata

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

York City ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Immune Escape ◽

New York State ◽

Spike Protein ◽

York State

The E484K mutation in the spike protein of SARS CoV-2 contributes to immune escape from monoclonal antibodies as well as neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent plasma. It appears in two variants of concern: B.1.351 and P.1 but has evolved multiple times in different SARS-CoV-2 lineages, suggesting an adaptive advantage. Here we report on the emergence of a 484K variant in the B.1.526 lineage that has recently become prevalent in New York State, particularly in the New York City metropolitan area. In addition to the E484K mutation, these variants also harbor a D235G substitution in spike that might help to reduce the efficacy of neutralizing antibodies.

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mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

10.1101/2021.12.20.473557 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Venkata-Viswanadh Edara ◽

Kelly E Manning ◽

Madison Ellis ◽

Lilin Lai ◽

Kathryn M Moore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Neutralization Assay ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Live Virus ◽

Neutralizing Activity ◽

Virus Neutralization Assay ◽

Fold Reduction

The BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines generate potent neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the spike protein, the principal antigenic target of these vaccines, has raised concerns over the neutralizing activity of vaccine-induced antibody responses. The Omicron variant, which emerged in November 2021, consists of over 30 mutations within the spike protein. Here, we used an authentic live virus neutralization assay to examine the neutralizing activity of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant against mRNA vaccine-induced antibody responses. Following the 2nd dose, we observed a 30-fold reduction in neutralizing activity against the omicron variant. Through six months after the 2nd dose, none of the sera from naive vaccinated subjects showed neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant. In contrast, recovered vaccinated individuals showed a 22-fold reduction with more than half of the subjects retaining neutralizing antibody responses. Following a booster shot (3rd dose), we observed a 14-fold reduction in neutralizing activity against the omicron variant and over 90% of boosted subjects showed neutralizing activity against the omicron variant. These findings show that a 3rd dose is required to provide robust neutralizing antibody responses against the Omicron variant.

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SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Responses in New York City

10.1101/2020.05.23.20111427 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Josh Reifer ◽

Nosson Hayum ◽

Benzion Heszkel ◽

Ikey Klagsbald ◽

Vincent A. Streva

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

World Health ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Patient Symptom ◽

Health Organization ◽

The City

ABSTRACTSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a strain of coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Total cases of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide exceed 4.8 million, with over 320,000 deaths recorded. Little is known about the body’s immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this paper, we describe SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in 28,523 patients from the New York City metropolitan area and report a SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity rate of 44%, indicating the widespread nature of the pandemic in the city and state of New York. Additionally, for a subset of patients, we report on the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 patient symptom severity and level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody found in the patient sample.

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Cytokine Profiles and Antibody Response Associated to Choclo Orthohantavirus Infection

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.603228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Tybbysay P. Salinas ◽

Jose L. Garrido ◽

Jacqueline R. Salazar ◽

Publio Gonzalez ◽

Nicole Zambrano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Cytokine Profiles ◽

Th2 Cytokine ◽

Igg1 Subclass ◽

Asymptomatic Individuals

BackgroundNew World Hantaviruses (NWHs) are the etiological agent underlying hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe respiratory disease with high mortality rates in humans. In Panama, infections with Choclo Orthohantavirus (CHOV) cause a much milder illness characterized by higher seroprevalence and lower mortality rates. To date, the cytokine profiles and antibody responses associated with this milder form of HCPS have not been defined. Therefore, in this study, we examined immune serological profiles associated with CHOV infections.MethodsFor this retrospective study, sera from fifteen individuals with acute CHOV-induced HCPS, were analyzed alongside sera from fifteen convalescent phase individuals and thirty-three asymptomatic, CHOV-seropositive individuals. Cytokine profiles were analyzed by multiplex immunoassay. Antibody subclasses, binding, and neutralization against CHOV-glycoprotein (CHOV-GP) were evaluated by ELISA, and flow cytometry.ResultsHigh titers of IFNγ, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-10 serum cytokines were found in the acute individuals. Elevated IL-4 serum levels were found in convalescent and asymptomatic seropositive individuals. High titers of IgG1 subclass were observed across the three cohorts analyzed. Neutralizing antibody response against CHOV-GP was detectable in few acute individuals but was strong in both convalescent and asymptomatic seropositive individuals.ConclusionA Th1/Th2 cytokine signature is characteristic during acute mild HCPS caused by CHOV infection. High expression of Th2 and IL-8 cytokines are correlated with clinical parameters in acute mild HCPS. In addition, a strong IL-4 signature is associated with different cohorts, including asymptomatic individuals. Furthermore, asymptomatic individuals presented high titers of neutralizing antibodies.

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