scholarly journals Comment on “The impact of past vaccination coverage and immunity on pertussis resurgence”

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (472) ◽  
pp. eaau0548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Winter ◽  
Nicola P. Klein ◽  
Sarah Ackley ◽  
James D. Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Administration ◽  
The Us ◽  
Duration Of Protection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modeling Study

Limitations in the data used for a recent modeling study of pertussis resurgence in the US may explain why the results were not consistent with several observational studies demonstrating a shorter duration of protection after acellular pertussis vaccine administration.

Hurricane Katrina: an environmental perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 364 (1845) ◽  
pp. 2099-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewen McCallum ◽  
Julian Heming
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hurricane Season ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Hurricane Center

On 29 August 2005, Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast of the USA to become one of the worst natural disasters in the country's history. The forecasts and official warnings of the event issued by the US National Hurricane Center up to 60 h ahead were excellent and largely based on an ‘ensemble’ of model and statistical guidance. The Met Office Global Model is highlighted as one of the best performers for Hurricane Katrina. The active 2005 Atlantic hurricane season has fuelled the debate on the impact of climate change on tropical cyclones. Some recent publications have suggested that this impact is already apparent, while others are more cautious. Inconsistencies remain among many of the theoretical, modelling and observational studies. Despite the excellent warnings, there was a tragic loss of life as a result of Hurricane Katrina which has led to political questions concerning complex socio-economic issues, the state of flood defences and how to coordinate the reaction to and mitigate the impact of such monumental natural hazards.

Pertussis epidemic despite high levels of vaccination coverage with acellular pertussis vaccine

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Rosa Sala-Farré ◽  
César Arias-Varela ◽  
Assumpta Recasens-Recasens ◽  
Maria Simó-Sanahuja ◽  
Carmen Muñoz-Almagro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

Duration of Protection After First Dose of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. e513-e519 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Quinn ◽  
T. L. Snelling ◽  
K. K. Macartney ◽  
P. B. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Duration Of Protection

scholarly journals Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Protects against Exacerbation of Allergic Asthma Due to Bordetella pertussis in a Murine Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren P. Ennis ◽  
Joseph P. Cassidy ◽  
Bernard P. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Airway Pathology ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The prevalence of asthma and allergic disease has increased in many countries, and there has been speculation that immunization promotes allergic sensitization. Bordetella pertussis infection exacerbates allergic asthmatic responses. We investigated whether acellular pertussis vaccine (Pa) enhanced or prevented B. pertussis-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma. Groups of mice were immunized with Pa, infected with B. pertussis, and/or sensitized to ovalbumin. Immunological, pathological, and physiological changes were measured to assess the impact of immunization on immune deviation and airway function. We demonstrate that immunization did not enhance ovalbumin-specific serum immunoglobulin E production. Histopathological examination revealed that immunization reduced the severity of airway pathology associated with sensitization in the context of infection and decreased bronchial hyperreactivity upon methacholine exposure of infected and sensitized mice. These data demonstrate unequivocally the benefit of Pa immunization to health and justify selection of Pa in mass vaccination protocols. In the absence of infection, the Pa used in this study enhanced the interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-13 responses and influenced airway hyperresponsiveness to sensitizing antigen; however, these data do not suggest that Pa contributes to childhood asthma overall. On the contrary, wild-type virulent B. pertussis is still circulating in most countries, and our data suggest that the major influence of Pa is to protect against the powerful exacerbation of asthma-like pathology induced by B. pertussis.

Evaluating the Impact of Pharmacies on Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Administration

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Schwerzmann ◽  
Samuel B. Graitcer ◽  
Barbara Jester ◽  
David Krahl ◽  
Daniel Jernigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Retail Pharmacy ◽  
Vaccine Administration ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to quantify the potential retail pharmacy vaccine administration capacity and its possible impact on pandemic influenza vaccine uptake.MethodsWe developed a discrete event simulation model by use of ExtendSim software (Imagine That Inc, San Jose, CA) to forecast the potential effect of retail pharmacy vaccine administration on total weekly vaccine administration and the time needed to reach 80% vaccination coverage with a single dose of vaccine per person.ResultsResults showed that weekly national vaccine administration capacity increased to 25 million doses per week when retail pharmacist vaccination capacity was included in the model. In addition, the time to achieve 80% vaccination coverage nationally was reduced by 7 weeks, assuming high public demand for vaccination. The results for individual states varied considerably, but in 48 states the inclusion of pharmacies improved time to 80% coverage.ConclusionsPharmacists can increase the numbers of pandemic influenza vaccine doses administered and reduce the time to achieve 80% single-dose coverage. These results support efforts to ensure pharmacist vaccinators are integrated into pandemic vaccine response planning. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:587–593)

scholarly journals Projecting the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the COVID-19 epidemic and social restoration in the United States: a mathematical modelling study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhuoru Zou ◽  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Xinghui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
The Us ◽  
Alpha Variant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant B.1.1.7 became prevalent in the United States (US). We aimed to evaluate the impact of vaccination scale-up and potential reduction in the vaccination effectiveness on the COVID-19 epidemic and social restoration in the US. Methods: We extended a published compartmental model and calibrated the model to the latest US COVID-19 data. We estimated the vaccine effectiveness against B.1.1.7 and evaluated the impact of a potential reduction in vaccine effectiveness on future epidemics. We projected the epidemic trends under different levels of social restoration. Results: We estimated the overall existing vaccine effectiveness against B.1.1.7 to be 88.5% (95%CI: 87.4-89.5%) and vaccination coverage would reach 70% by the end of August, 2021. With this vaccine effectiveness and coverage, we anticipated 498,972 (109,998-885,947) cumulative infections and 15,443 (3,828-27,057) deaths nationwide over the next 12 months, of which 95.0% infections and 93.3% deaths were caused by B.1.1.7. Complete social restoration at 70% vaccination coverage would only slightly increase cumulative infections and deaths to 511,159 (110,578-911,740) and 15,739 (3,841-27,638), respectively. However, if the vaccine effectiveness were reduced to 75%, 50% or 25% due to new SARS-CoV-2 variants, we predicted 667,075 (130,682-1,203,468), 1.7m (0.2-3.2m), 19.0m (5.3-32.7m) new infections and 19,249 (4,281-34,217), 42,265 (5,081-79,448), 426,860 (117,229-736,490) cumulative deaths to occur over the next 12 months. Further, social restoration at a lower vaccination coverage would lead to even greater future outbreaks. Conclusion: Current COVID-19 vaccines remain effective against the B.1.1.7 variant, and 70% vaccination coverage would be sufficient to restore social activities to a pre-pandemic level. Further reduction in vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants would result in a potential surge of the epidemic in the future.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on the COVID-19 Epidemic and Social Restoration in the United States: A Mathematical Modelling Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhuoru Zou ◽  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Xinghui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vaccine Booster ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants are still rampant across the United States (US). We aimed to evaluate the impact of vaccination scale-up and potential reduction in the vaccination effectiveness on the COVID-19 epidemic and social restoration in the US.Methods: We extended a published compartmental model and calibrated the model to the latest US COVID-19 data. We estimated the vaccine effectiveness against the variant and evaluated the impact of a potential reduction in vaccine effectiveness on the epidemics. We explored the epidemic trends under different levels of social restoration.Results: We estimated the overall existing vaccine effectiveness against the variant as 88.5% (95% CI: 87.4–89.5%) with the vaccination coverage of 70% by the end of August, 2021. With this vaccine effectiveness and coverage, there would be 498,972 (109,998–885,947) cumulative infections and 15,443 (3,828–27,057) deaths nationwide over the next 12 months, of which 95.0% infections and 93.3% deaths were caused by the variant. Complete social restoration at 60, 65, 70% vaccination coverage would increase cumulative infections to 1.6 (0.2–2.9) million 0.7 (0.1–1.2) million, and 511,159 (110,578–911,740), respectively. At same time it would increase cumulative deaths to 39,040 (5,509–72,570), 19,562 (3,873–35,250), 15,739 (3,841–27,638), respectively. However, if the vaccine effectiveness were reduced to 75%, 50% or 25% due to new SARS-CoV-2 variants, there would be 667,075 (130,682–1,203,468), 1.7 (0.2–3.2) million, 19.0 (5.3–32.7) million new infections and 19,249 (4,281–34,217), 42,265 (5,081–79,448), 426,860 (117,229–736,490) cumulative deaths to occur over the next 12 months. Further, social restoration at a lower vaccination coverage would lead to even greater secondary outbreaks.Conclusion: Current COVID-19 vaccines remain effective against the SARS-CoV-2 variant, and 70% vaccination coverage would be sufficient to restore social activities to a pre-pandemic level. Further reduction in vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants would result in a potential surge of the epidemic. Multiple measures, including public health interventions, vaccination scale-up and development of a new vaccine booster, should be integrated to counter the new challenges of new SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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