scholarly journals Action of Disinfectant Quaternary Ammonium Compounds against Staphylococcus aureus

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Ioannou ◽  
Geoff W. Hanlon ◽  
Stephen P. Denyer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Η Value ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Cell Leakage

ABSTRACT Mode-of-action studies concluded that alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC) (a blend of C12, C14 and C16 alkyl homologues) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) are both membrane-active agents, possessing subtly different modes of action reflecting early cell interactions against Staphylococcus aureus. ADBAC and DDAC exhibited similar MIC behaviors from 0.4 ppm to 1.8 ppm over an inoculum range of 1 × 105 to 1 × 109 CFU/ml at 35°C. For ADBAC and DDAC, an increased rapidity of killing against S. aureus (final concentration, 2 × 109 CFU/ml) was observed at 35°C compared to 25°C. Concentration exponents (η) for killing were <2.5 for both agents, and temperature influenced the η value. Examination of leakage and kill data suggested that a single leakage marker was not indicative of cell death. ADBAC and DDAC possessed Langmuir (L4) and high-affinity (H3/4) uptake isotherms, respectively. ADBAC molecules formed a single monolayer of coverage of cells at the end of primary uptake, and DDAC formed a double monolayer. Rapid cell leakage occurred at bactericidal concentrations, with total depletion of the intracellular potassium and 260-nm-absorbing pools released in this strict order. Autolysis was observed for ADBAC and DDAC at concentrations of 9 μg/ml (0.0278 mM and 0.0276 mM, respectively) and above, together with the depletion of approximately 30% of the internal potassium pool. Autolysis contributed to ADBAC and DDAC lethality, although high biocide concentrations may have inhibited autolytic enzyme activity.

Determination of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Oranges and Cucumbers Using QuEChERS Extraction and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Arrebola-Liébanas ◽  
María Angeles Herrera Abdo ◽  
José Luis Fernandez Moreno ◽  
José L Martínez-Vidal ◽  
Antonia Garrido Frenich
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Benzethonium Chloride ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Abstract A simple and fast method has been developed for determining relevant quaternary ammonium compounds in cucumber and orange samples. The target compounds were benzoalkonium chloride (BAC-10, BAC-12, BAC-14, and BAC-16), didecyldimethylammonium chloride, and benzethonium chloride, all frequently used biocides in the agrifood industry. An extraction based on the buffered Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method and determination by ultra-performance LC/MS/MS that eluted the biocides in less than 5 min were used. The method was fully validated and implemented in a UNE-EN-ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory for its application to the analysis of real samples. Performance characteristics of the method are reported, including an estimation of measurement uncertainty. Calibration curves were set between 0.01 and 0.150 mg/kg, LOD values were always between 0.4 and 1.0 μg/kg, LOQ values were in the range 1–4 μg/kg, recovery was between 81 and 115%, intraday and interday precision were always lower than 17% (expressed as RSD), and expanded uncertainty was always lower than 40%. The validation was accomplished for the two studied matrixes at spiking concentrations of 0.011 and 0.050 mg/kg. The method has been applied to the analysis of 30 cucumber and orange samples that were found to contain concentrations of BAC-12 that ranged between 0.015 and 0.210 mg/kg and of BAC-14 between 0.018 and 0.081 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Adherence of staphylococcus aureus to catheter tubing inhibition by quaternary ammonium compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Liesse Iyamba ◽  
Daniel Tassa Okombe ◽  
Francis Nsimba Zakanda ◽  
Trésor Kimbeni Malongo ◽  
Joseph Welo Unya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Catheter Tubing ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

scholarly journals Quaternary ammonium compounds: an alternative disinfection method for fresh produce wash water

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristobal Chaidez ◽  
Javier Lopez ◽  
Nohelia Castro-del Campo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Irrigation water can serve as a vehicle for transporting pathogenic microorganisms, and numerous cases of bacterial infections from consumption of irrigated fresh produce have been reported in recent years. Chlorine-based disinfectants applied when produce is packed are widely used to control microorganisms. When applied properly, the chlorine products are effective. However, hazardous disinfection breakdown products can be formed, and chlorine disinfectants have high oxidant activity that can affect produce quality and pose a risk to food handlers. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) are a disinfectant alternative for the washing of fruits and vegetables. They can control a great number of microorganisms, have low toxicity when used at recommended doses, and are stable in storage. The purpose of this work was to assess the disinfectant activity of QACs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus under worst-case and average-case turbidity conditions, (2 and 100 nephelometric units); two disinfectant concentrations (100 and 200 mg/L; and two contact times (30 and 120 seconds). Our research showed that QACs were effective against both bacteria. The percentage reduction of Escherichia coli was significantly higher in the less turbid solution (P=0.027), while turbidity did not affect the reduction of Staphylococcus aureus (P&gt;0.05). E. coli was more resistant to QAC treatment than S. aureus. Based on the data obtained we can conclude that QACs could be an alternative in washing processes of fruits and vegetables.

scholarly journals Disinfectant Efficacy Against Dry Surface Biofilms of Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Is Product, Time Point and Strain Dependent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine A Nkemngong ◽  
Gurpreet K Chaggar ◽  
Xiaobao Li ◽  
Peter J Teska ◽  
Haley F Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Disinfectant Efficacy

Abstract Background: Globally, healthcare associated infections (HAI) are the most frequent adverse outcome in healthcare delivery. Although bacterial biofilms contribute significantly to the incidence of HAI, few studies have investigated the efficacy of common disinfectants against dry surface biofilms (DSB). The objective of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of seven disinfectants against DSB of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We hypothesized that overall, hydrogen peroxides, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione and quaternary ammonium compounds plus alcohol disinfectants will be more bactericidal against DSB than quaternary ammonium. We also hypothesized that regardless of differences in product chemistries, higher bactericidal efficacies against DSB will be exhibited after 24 h of dehydration compared to 72 h.Methods: Wet surface biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were grown following EPA-MLB-SOP-MB-19 and dehydrated for 24 h and 72 h to establish DSB. Seven EPA-registered disinfectants were tested against dehydrated DSB following EPA-MLB-SOP-MB-20. Results: Overall, quaternary ammonium plus alcohol, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione, and hydrogen peroxide products were more efficacious against DSB than quaternary ammoniums for both tested strains. While there was no significant difference in biofilm killing efficacies between 24 h and 72 h S. aureus biofilms, significantly higher log10 reductions were observed when products were challenged with 24 h P. aeruginosa DSB compared to 72 h P. aeruginosa DSB. Conclusion: Strain type, active ingredient class, and dry time significantly impact disinfectant efficacy against DSB of S. aureus or P. aeruginosa.

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