scholarly journals Disinfectant Efficacy Against Dry Surface Biofilms of Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Is Product, Time Point and Strain Dependent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine A Nkemngong ◽  
Gurpreet K Chaggar ◽  
Xiaobao Li ◽  
Peter J Teska ◽  
Haley F Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Disinfectant Efficacy

Abstract Background: Globally, healthcare associated infections (HAI) are the most frequent adverse outcome in healthcare delivery. Although bacterial biofilms contribute significantly to the incidence of HAI, few studies have investigated the efficacy of common disinfectants against dry surface biofilms (DSB). The objective of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of seven disinfectants against DSB of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We hypothesized that overall, hydrogen peroxides, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione and quaternary ammonium compounds plus alcohol disinfectants will be more bactericidal against DSB than quaternary ammonium. We also hypothesized that regardless of differences in product chemistries, higher bactericidal efficacies against DSB will be exhibited after 24 h of dehydration compared to 72 h.Methods: Wet surface biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were grown following EPA-MLB-SOP-MB-19 and dehydrated for 24 h and 72 h to establish DSB. Seven EPA-registered disinfectants were tested against dehydrated DSB following EPA-MLB-SOP-MB-20. Results: Overall, quaternary ammonium plus alcohol, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione, and hydrogen peroxide products were more efficacious against DSB than quaternary ammoniums for both tested strains. While there was no significant difference in biofilm killing efficacies between 24 h and 72 h S. aureus biofilms, significantly higher log10 reductions were observed when products were challenged with 24 h P. aeruginosa DSB compared to 72 h P. aeruginosa DSB. Conclusion: Strain type, active ingredient class, and dry time significantly impact disinfectant efficacy against DSB of S. aureus or P. aeruginosa.

An optimized co-formulation minimized quaternary ammonium compounds adsorption onto raw cotton disposable disinfecting wipes and maintained efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (20) ◽  
pp. 2329-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Hinchliffe ◽  
BD Condon ◽  
CA Madison ◽  
M Reynolds ◽  
RJ Hron
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ionic Interactions ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

The transmission of infectious agents can occur through secondary routes by contact with contaminated inanimate objects in clinical and food service settings. Effective disinfection of exposed surfaces can aid in reducing secondary transmission of infectious agents. Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) are biocides widely used as active ingredients in disinfecting solutions and are effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including those with antibiotic resistance. Cellulosic fibers such as cotton are desirable as disposable substrates for the application of disinfecting solutions, since they have good absorbency and cleaning properties and are sustainable and biodegradable. However, cotton fibers deplete quats from solution through strong ionic interactions at the solid–liquid interface, thereby reducing the amount of quat deposited onto a surface for effective disinfection. In this study, we used response surface methodology to model the depletion of the quat, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC), onto cotton wipe substrates in the presence of chemical compounds that interfered or competed with the ionic interactions between the quat and the cotton fiber surface. Preliminary efficacy testing successfully demonstrated that an optimized disinfecting ADBAC co-formulation applied with a raw cotton disposable wipe maintained efficacy against representative gram negative ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram positive ( Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria compared to a control disinfecting solution containing only ADBAC. Our optimized disinfecting ADBAC co-formulation remained efficacious against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, demonstrating for the first time that quat adsorption onto cotton substrates can be minimized and efficacy maintained with inexpensive added chemistries.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to constant sub-inhibitory concentrations of quaternary ammonium compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaux Voumard ◽  
Leonardo Venturelli ◽  
Myriam Borgatta ◽  
Antony Croxatto ◽  
Sandor Kasas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

The susceptibility profile of P. aeruginosa exposed to constant sub-inhibitory 3 concentrations of quaternary ammonium compounds was characterized as well as the 4 nanomechanical membrane properties.

scholarly journals Hormones Can Influence Antibiotic Susceptibilities Even in Mono- and Co-Culture Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Fatma Kalaycı-Yüksek ◽  
Defne Gümüş ◽  
Mine Anğ-Küçüker
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Strain Dependent

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are known as important nosocomial infectious agents also their co-infections are commonly seen in some patient groups. It is well known that host factors such as hormones have roles in modulation of growth, pathogenesis and susceptibilities to antimicrobials. In our study, the influences of norepinephrine (NE) and melatonin (MEL) on antibiotic susceptibilities were examined in mono and co-culture conditions. Methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were investigated to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of ciprofloxacin and gentamicin in the absence/presence of NE (0.0017 and 0.04μg/mL) and MEL (6 and 60 pg/mL) by microdilution method in mono and co-culture. It was found that hormones decreased (among 2-64 fold) MIC and MBC values of both antibiotics for MRSA. However, it was shown that hormones had no effect on MIC values of both antibiotics for P. aeruginosa. MIC and MBC values of both antibiotics for co-culture were found to be reduced compared to monoculture of MRSA; were found to be increased compared to monoculture of P. aeruginosa. Whereas, hormones decreased MIC values of both antibiotics in co-culture conditions. Our results suggest that both hormones decreased MIC values and it seems that hormones could influence antibiotic susceptibilities in a strain-dependent manner.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF MANGIFERA INDICA ETHANOL AND AQUEOUS LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
M. A. Garga ◽  
U. M. Garasin ◽  
M. Abdullahi ◽  
B. A. Muhammed ◽  
A. Yakubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The aim of this research is to investigate the antibacterial activity and identify the phytochemical constituents of Mangifera indica leafs on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus using disc diffusion method. The sample was collected fresh from the premises of Bioresources Development Center (BIODEC), Katsina, Katsina State and was dried and pounded into powder. The powdered leaves were extracted using ethanol and aqueous solvents. Various concentrations ranging from 500mg to 62.5mg were prepared. Test isolates were obtained from the Microbiology laboratory, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina (UMYUK) and were further authenticated using Gram staining and biochemical test. The bacterial inoculums were standardized to McFarland scale 0.5. Zones of inhibition were read after 24 hours at 370C. The results of the antibacterial study revealed that the ethanolic leaves extracts at 500mg/ml had effect on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus with zones of inhibition of 12mm and 6mm respectively. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and phenols where only alkaloids was found to be absent in the aqueous extract. There is no significant difference between the solvents and various concentrations used base on t-test data analysis.

scholarly journals CURRENT TREND OF RESISTANT FOR THE COMMONLY PRESCRIBED NEW FLUOROQUINOLONES AMONG HOSPITALISED PATIENTS IN SANA'A, YEMEN

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alyahawi ◽  
Ali Alkaf ◽  
Taha Alnosary
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
P Value ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

The new fluoroquinolones have demonstrated enhanced activity against the most common bacteria involved in lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Moxifloxacin is the most commonly prescribed respiratory flouroquinolone drug in Yemen. Pneumonia is a major and an on-going public health problem globally. With the widely use of fluoroquinolones in the clinical practice, the potential for developing resistance has become a concern. The aim of present study was to determine the trend of moxifloxacin resistant and the distribution of resistant for different sample types among hospitalised patients in Sana'a, Yemen. The study was performed at a private hospital in Sana’a, Yemen. The records were taken from the microbiology department for hospitalised patients. Moxifloxacin susceptibility samples were collected from January, 2017 to December, 2017. The moxifloxacin susceptibility was studied against several isolates. Full ethical clearance was obtained from the qualified authorities who approved the study design. All data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 21. Out of 927 sample isolates, 580 (62.6%) were moxifloxacin resistant isolates and only 30.1% were sensitive. The Escherichia coli was observed in 24.4% of total sample isolates, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.1%). From the study findings, 44.8% of total sample was isolated from sputum cultures.There was a statistically significant difference between bacteria type and culture results (P-value < 0.001). Moreover, 96.2% of Acinetobacter species and all Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were moxifloxacin resistant. The study findings reported that 70.4% of Escherichia coli isolates were resistant for moxifloaxin, followed by methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (64.7%), Klebsiella pneumonia (60.6%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (46.4%). However, 86.1% of staphylococcus aureus isolates were moxifloxacin resistant. Results in this study showed that there was high significantly relationship between culture results and sample type (P-value< 0.001).  Also 44.8% of sample isolates were from sputum cultures. Moreover, 74.2% of sputum cultures isolates were moxifloxacin resistant. There was a statistically significant difference between culture results with age groups (P-value = 0.02). Also 64.1% of males had moxifloxacin resistant and 36.9% of isolate resistant were aged > 60 years. This study reveals that varieties of pathogens are responsible for LRTI and moxifloxacin resistance has become a great public health issue. The possibility of reducing resistance by controlling the use of antibiotics is a reasonable approach. Inappropriate and irrational drug usage should be avoided. This study may help the government’s regulatory authority to develop a policy about rational prescription of antibiotics to minimize resistance of new antibiotics and also to ensure the maximum safety to the health of patients.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document