scholarly journals Connection between Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Use and Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 2480-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Kärpänoja ◽  
Solja T. Nyberg ◽  
Miika Bergman ◽  
Tinna Voipio ◽  
Pirkko Paakkari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Reasonable Price

ABSTRACT The association between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use and resistance among the major respiratory tract pathogens was investigated by comparing regional consumption of the drug to regional resistance in the following year in 21 central hospital districts in Finland. A total of 23,530 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 28,320 Haemophilus influenzae isolates, and 14,138 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates were tested for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole susceptibility during the study period (1998-2004). Among the S. pneumoniae isolates, a statistically significant connection was found between regional consumption and resistance. No statistically significant connection was found between regional trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use and resistance among H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis isolates. According to our results, it seems that only in pneumococci can the development of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance be influenced by restricting its use. However, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remains an important antimicrobial agent because of its reasonable price. Hence, resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole among these pathogens needs continuous monitoring.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Novel 2-Fluoro-Naphthyridine-Containing Ketolides

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Abbanat ◽  
Glenda Webb ◽  
Barbara Foleno ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
Mark Macielag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Erythromycin A ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Vitro Protein

ABSTRACT In vitro activities of erythromycin A, telithromycin, and two investigational ketolides, JNJ-17155437 and JNJ-17155528, were evaluated against clinical bacterial strains, including selected common respiratory tract pathogens. Against 46 macrolide-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, the MIC90 (MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited) of the investigational ketolides was 0.25 μg/ml, twofold lower than that of telithromycin and at least 64-fold lower than that of erythromycin A. Against erm(B)-containing pneumococci, the MIC90 of all the ketolides was 0.06 μg/ml. The MIC90 of the investigational ketolides against mef(A)-containing pneumococci or pneumococci with both mef(A) and erm(B) was 0.25 μg/ml, two-and fourfold lower, respectively, than that of telithromycin. In contrast, the MICs of the investigational ketolides against macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae strains with ribosomal mutations were similar to or, in some cases, as much as eightfold higher than those of telithromycin. Against Haemophilus influenzae, MICs of all the ketolides were ≤2 μg/ml. Against three Moraxella catarrhalis isolates, the MIC of the ketolides was 0.25 μg/ml. The ketolides inhibited in vitro protein synthesis, with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.23 to 0.27 μM. In time-kill studies against macrolide-susceptible and erm- or mef-containing pneumococci, the ketolides were bacteriostatic to slowly bactericidal, with 24-h log10 decreases ranging from 2.0 to 4.1 CFU. Intervals of postantibiotic effects for the ketolides against macrolide-susceptible and -resistant S. pneumoniae were 3.0 to 8.1 h.

Etiological Trends and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Strains Causing Respiratory Tract Infections

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LTRIs) are emerging as the most common infectious diseases of humans. Antibiotic resistance has increased in all the major pathogens therefore, this project engrossed on defining the current drift of bacterial etiologies of respiratory tract infections among the patients and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Methods: This cross-sectional study with non-probability consecutive sampling was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of Ziauddin Hospital. Bacterial isolates (163) were recuperated from respiratory sputum specimens obtained from patients with lower respiratory tract infections. The pathogens collected for study were Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Frequencies and percentages were computed for categorical variables like microorganism, gender, age, duration of lower respiratory tract infections, etc. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables like age and infection duration. Furthermore, duration of disease was stratified by post stratification Chi Square with p value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most commonly isolated pathogen is Moraxella catarrhalis 72.39% followed by Haemophilus influenza 14.72% and Streptococcus pneumonia 12.88%. For Streptococcus pneumoniae 47% sensitivity showed to Ampicillin, 52% Penicillin, 61.9% Erythromycin and 57% to Ceftriaxone. For Haemophilus influenzae 100%, sensitivity showed to Ceftriaxone, 100% Amoxicillin and 62.5% Co-trimoxazole. Similarly, for Moraxella catarrhalis 54% sensitivity was showed to Erythromycin, 100% Ceftriaxone and 27% with Levofloxacin. Conclusion: Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most common bacterial isolates recovered from LTRIs. We found M. catarrhalis resistant rate was elevated for Levofloxacin, Streptococcus pneumonia for Co-trimoxazole and Haemophilus influenzae to all β-lactams. Keywords: Respiratory Tract Infection; Haemophilus influenzae; Moraxella catarrhalis; Streptococcus pneumonia.

scholarly journals Activities of Faropenem, an Oral β-Lactam, against Recent U.S. Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 550-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Critchley ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Deborah C. Draghi ◽  
Mark E. Jones ◽  
Clyde Thornsberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of faropenem and other antimicrobial agents were determined against 4,725 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 2,614 Haemophilus influenzae isolates, and 1,193 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates collected from 273 U.S. laboratories during 1999. Faropenem MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited were 0.008, 0.25, and 1 μg/ml for penicillin-susceptible, -intermediate, and -resistant S. pneumoniae strains, respectively; 0.5 and 1 μg/ml for β-lactamase-positive and -negative H. influenzae strains, respectively; and 0.12 and 0.5 μg/ml for β-lactamase-negative and -positive M. catarrhalis strains, respectively. Faropenem holds promise as an oral therapy for community-acquired respiratory tract infections.

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