scholarly journals Effect of Culture Medium on the Disk Diffusion Method for Determining Antifungal Susceptibilities of Dermatophytes

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2222-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belkys Fernández-Torres ◽  
Alfonso Carrillo-Muñoz ◽  
Isabel Inza ◽  
Josep Guarro
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT We have evaluated a disk diffusion method to determine the activities of five drugs against 50 strains of dermatophytes and to assess the influence of the culture medium (antibiotic medium 3, high-resolution medium, and RPMI) on the inhibition zone diameters (IZD). There were no differences among the medium/drug combinations, except for itraconazole-RPMI, which showed the narrowest IZD.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Disk Diffusion Method for Determining Eberconazole Susceptibility of Dermatophytes and Influence of Culture Medium

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 2116-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belkys Fernández-Torres ◽  
Isabel Inza ◽  
Josep Guarro
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT We have evaluated a disk diffusion method to determine the activity of eberconazole against 50 strains of dermatophytes by testing three culture media (RPMI, antibiotic medium 3, and high resolution). No differences were found among the results obtained with the three media. A significant correlation between disk diffusion and microdilution methods was observed with AM3.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) pada Berbagai Konsentrasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara In-Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Budi Artaningsih ◽  
Nur Habibah ◽  
Mastra Nyoman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Growth Inhibition Zone

<p><em>Streptococcus mutans</em> is a positive gram bacteria which cause dental caries. From the several previous studies, Gamal leaf has been predicted as the antibacterial agent because of their active substance such as tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. The objective of the study was to know the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Gamal leaf (<em>Gliricidia sepium</em>) for <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> in various concentrations. This study was a true experimental with post-test only control design. The determination of antibacterial activity in this study was conducted by using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method with the various concentrations, there were 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80%. The positive and negative controls in this study were 30 µg disk diffusion of chloramphenicol and the 96% of ethanol. The average inhibition of zone diameter in the concentrations of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80% were 11.3, 12.3, 13.4, 15.3 and 19.2 mm, respectively. One Way ANOVA statistical analysis showed that the value of p was 0.000, so there was a difference of growth inhibition zone of <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> in various concentrations of ethanol extract of Gamal leaf (<em>Gliricidia sepium</em>). Based on the result, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Gamal leaf (<em>Gliricidia sepium</em>) have strong antibacterial activity, especially to <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> bacteria.</p>

Staphylococci isolated from animals and food with phenotypically reduced susceptibility to β-lactamase-resistant β-lactam antibiotics

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva J. Kaszanyitzky ◽  
Zsuzsanna Egyed ◽  
Sz. Jánosi ◽  
Judit Keserű ◽  
Zsuzsanna Gál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Mrsa Strains

The antibiotic resistance pattern of 1921 Staphylococcus strains isolated from animals and food within the last two years were examined using diffusion tests. Among them there were only 35 strains of S. aureus having an inhibition zone diameter of 15 mm or less, and 4 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) having a zone diameter of 18 mm or less to 1-µg oxacillin disk. These 39 strains were examined also by E-test to oxacillin and for the detection of the mecA gene by PCR in order to determine whether they might be real methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Among the 39 strains there were only two that were susceptible to penicillin by disk diffusion method; however, further examination by the penicillinase test showed that they produced ß-lactamase. While 19 (15 S. aureus, 4 CNS) strains were resistant and 7 strains were intermediate to oxacillin in disk diffusion test, the E-test gave 8 resistant and 5 intermediate results. Six out of the 8 oxacillin-resistant strains examined by disk diffusion and E-test harboured the mecA gene. Thus only 6 out of the examined 1921 strains proved to be mecA positive. These methicillin-resistant, mecA-positive strains (5 of the S. aureus strains and 1 of the S. epidermidis) originated from two dairy herds. The results prove that methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in animals are really rare in Hungary. Eighteen strains were chosen and screened for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin with or without clavulanic acid or sulbactam, and three of them produced methicillinase enzyme.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BUAH ADAS (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) PADA Vibrio harveyi DAN Vibrio alginolyticus Antibacterial Activity of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) Extract on Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Budianto Budianto ◽  
Arief Prajitno ◽  
Ating Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Paper Disk

Evaluation of natural products as a safe and effective antimicrobial agent is a scientific strategy to treat the drugresistant pathogens.Fennel(FoeniculumvulgareMill) is an herbal plant that has an active in gredient which is one of its benefit sasan antibacterial material.In thisstudy,water extract of fennel fruit determined the antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus using the minimumInhibitory  Concentration Test (MIC) and paper disk diffusion method. The results obtained on the MIC, the smallest concentration inhibited the growth was 0,060 g/ml, for both bacteria. The variations on Paper Disk Diffusion Method were the concentrations of A (0.065 g/ml), B (0.070g/ml), C (0.075 g/mL), D (0.080 g/ml), E (0.085 g/ml), F (0.090 g/ml) and Control (0.000 g/ml). The concentration of 0.090 g/ml had the highest inhibition zone diameter in 11.17 ± 0.5 mm (V. harveyi) and 12.53 ± 1.14 mm (V. alginolyticus). It can be concluded that the fruits of fennel (F. vulgare Mill) has a very important ecological role as an alternative treatment in controlling the spread of vibriosis caused by V. harveyi and V. alginolyticus.Keywords: Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, MIC test and paper disk diffusionABSTRAKEvaluasi produk alami sebagai agen antimikrobia yang aman dan efektif adalah salah satu strategi ilmiah untuk memerangi ancaman patogen resistan terhadap obat. Fennel, (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), umumnya dikenal sebagai adas, merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki bahan aktif yang salah satu manfaatnya adalah sebagai bahan antibakteri.Pada penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak air dari buah adas untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Vibrio harveyi dan Vibrio alginolyticus dengan menggunakan metode uji Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan difusi cakram kertas. Hasil yang diperoleh pada uji MIC, konsentrasi terkecil untuk menghambat pertumbuhan adalah 0,060 g/ml, untuk kedua spesies bakteri. Variasi perlakuan pada uji cakram kertas yaitu konsentrasi A (0,065 g/ml), B (0,070 g/ml), C (0,075 g/ml), D (0,080 g/ml), E (0,085 g/ml), F (0,090 g/ml) dan kontrol (0,000 g/ml), hasil yang diperoleh adalah konsentrasi 0,090 g/ml memiliki diameter zona hambat tertinggi sebesar 11,17 ± 0,5 mm (V. harveyi) dan 12,53 ± 1,14 mm (V. alginolyticus), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa buah adas (F. vulgare Mill) memiliki peranan ekologi yang sangat penting sebagai bahan pengobatan alternatif dalam pengendalian penyebaran penyakit Vibriosis yang disebabkan oleh V. harveyi dan V. alginolyticus.Kata kunci: Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, uji MIC dan difusi cakram kertas 

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Jatropha curcas (Linn) Leaves Extract a gainst Vibrio harveyi and Aeromonas hydrophila

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Nasrullah Bai Arifin ◽  
Imas Marthapratama ◽  
Ellana Sanoesi ◽  
Arief Prajitno
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Paper Disk

The use of natural products as an antimicrobial agent is an alternative way in the treating drug-resistant pathogens. A. hydrophila and V. harveyi are pathogenic bacteria both in freshwater and marine culture, respectively. Physic nut (Jatropha curcas, Linn) has been known as an herbal plant that has an antibacterial agent. The purpose of this study was to analyze inhibition ability of an extract of physic nut leaves on the growth of V. harveyi and A. hydrophila. In this study, water extract of physic nut leaves was determined to evaluate the antibacterial activity against V. harveyi and A. hydrophila using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Test (MIC) and Paper Disk Diffusion Method. The smallest concentration on the MIC was 0.10 g/ml for A. hydrophila and 0.15 g/ml for V. harveyi, respectively. The Paper Disk Diffusion Method used difference concentrations (0.10 g/ml; 0.15 g/ml; 0.20 g/ml; 0.25 g/ml; 0.30 g/ml; 0.35 g/ml; dan 0.40 g/ml) and Control (0 g/ml). The concentration of 0.35 g/ml had the highest inhibition zone diameter in 11.3±0.2 mm for A. hydrophila and 0.40 g/ml had the highest inhibition zone in 11.2±0.3 mm for V. harveyi. The result showed that water extract of physic nut leaves was able to inhibit both tested bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Microalgae Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis chuii and Isochrysis galbana Against Aquatic Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Ita Widowati ◽  
Muhammad Zainuri ◽  
Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum ◽  
Yann Hardivillier
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Tetraselmis Chuii ◽  
Aquatic Pathogens

Recently, expanded consideration has been paid to the business and potentiality of microalgae. Some microalgae are at present being studied for their capacity to find important metabolites for the drug industry or aquacultural applications. Concerning these biotechnological challenges, there is a consistent exertion accommodated in both finding and taking advantage of new microalgal assets and fostering their putative business results or modern valorizations. The crude methanol extracts of three microalgae, Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis chuii, and Isochrysis galbana, have been investigated for antibacterial activity using the disk diffusion method against aquatic pathogens of fish, shrimp, and shellfish e.g. Pseudomonas fluorescence and Vibrio harveyi. This research aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of crude extract of these microalgae against aquatic pathogens. The disk diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial activity. The result showed that only T. chuii has the inhibition zone for both tested bacteria P. fluorescence and V. harveyi with the inhibition zone of 3.0 ± 0.6 mm on 100 µg. g–1 of extract concentration and 4.20 ± 1.1 mm against P. fluorescence on 10000 µg. g–1 of extract concentration. While D. salina and I. galbana have inhibition zone only for V. harveyi with the inhibition zone of 4.4 ± 0.6 mm and 3.2 ± 0.7 mm on 10000 µg. g–1 of extract concentration. These three microalgae may have potential use in aquatic pathogens as antimicrobial agents. It would be possible to develop biologically active compounds of microalgae as a functional feed for aquaculture.

Synthesis and Characterization of Some New 1,3,4-thiadiazole Compounds Derived from 3,4-(Methylenedioxy)cinnamic Acid and their Antimicrobial Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 825-836
Author(s):  
Halit Muğlu ◽  
Mahmut Gür ◽  
Maesm Ahmed Mohamed Ben Hsin ◽  
Nesrin Şener ◽  
Sevil Özkınalı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Compound Viii ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Some new 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds derived from 3,4-(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid were synthesized in this study. Their structures were determined using UV-Vis, IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the antibacterial activities of the new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were tested against Gram positive (Enterococcus durans, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Enterobacter aerogenes) bacteria using the disk diffusion method. Furthermore, their antifungal activity was tested against Candida albicans using the disk diffusion method. Some of the synthesized compounds (V, VII, XIII, and XIV) showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Also, one synthesized compound (VIII) showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, exhibiting 8 and 9 mm inhibition zones using 50 and 80 &#181;L. One compound (IX) showed antibacterial activity against E. aerogenes, exhibiting a 12 mm inhibition zone using 80 &#181;L. One compound (XIII) showed antibacterial activity against S. kentucky, exhibiting an inhibition zone of about 9 mm using 80 &#181;L. Also, one compound (VII) showed antibacterial activity against E. durans, exhibiting 7, 7, and 8 mm inhibition zones using 30, 50, and 80 &#181;L. None of the compounds (I-XV) showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. These results showed that some of the synthesized compounds could be used as antibacterial agents.

Antibacterial Activity of Different Concentrations of Date Vinegar in Comparison to Ciprofloxacin against Multidrug-Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Infected Burn

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Ihsan S. Rabeea ◽  
Ali M.H. Janabi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Local Toxicity ◽  
Agar Dilution

Background: Despite recent advances in burns management and antimicrobial chemotherapy, infection continues to be a tricky in the burns. Treatment of a burn infection especially in case of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a big challenge in clinics and needs novel strategies. Miscarriage of the current treatment strategies to control several cases of burns infections, the systemic and local toxicity that are produced by many topical antibiotics (especially in children), and the delay of healing caused by several antiseptics, make a strong motive to find effective and safe products. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro activity of different concentration of date vinegar against P. aeruginosa in comparison to the ciprofloxacin, one of the antibiotics used in the treatment of burns infection by using disk diffusion method and agar dilution MICs assay. Results and Conclusion: The disk diffusion method revealed that mean inhibition zone of date vinegar at 100%, 50%, 20%, 10% and 5% were (50.9 ±0.27) mm, (30.5 ±0.24) mm, (25.9 ±0.29) mm, (18.3±0.22) mm, and (9.2±0.25) mm respectively while ciprofloxacin has mean inhibition zone (8.95 ±2.25) mm and MICs (1.25%). So the conclusion was that date vinegar exerted a good in vitro antimicrobial activity against all tested isolates.

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