scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Microalgae Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis chuii and Isochrysis galbana Against Aquatic Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Ita Widowati ◽  
Muhammad Zainuri ◽  
Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum ◽  
Yann Hardivillier
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Tetraselmis Chuii ◽  
Aquatic Pathogens

Recently, expanded consideration has been paid to the business and potentiality of microalgae. Some microalgae are at present being studied for their capacity to find important metabolites for the drug industry or aquacultural applications. Concerning these biotechnological challenges, there is a consistent exertion accommodated in both finding and taking advantage of new microalgal assets and fostering their putative business results or modern valorizations. The crude methanol extracts of three microalgae, Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis chuii, and Isochrysis galbana, have been investigated for antibacterial activity using the disk diffusion method against aquatic pathogens of fish, shrimp, and shellfish e.g. Pseudomonas fluorescence and Vibrio harveyi. This research aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of crude extract of these microalgae against aquatic pathogens. The disk diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial activity. The result showed that only T. chuii has the inhibition zone for both tested bacteria P. fluorescence and V. harveyi with the inhibition zone of 3.0 ± 0.6 mm on 100 µg. g–1 of extract concentration and 4.20 ± 1.1 mm against P. fluorescence on 10000 µg. g–1 of extract concentration. While D. salina and I. galbana have inhibition zone only for V. harveyi with the inhibition zone of 4.4 ± 0.6 mm and 3.2 ± 0.7 mm on 10000 µg. g–1 of extract concentration. These three microalgae may have potential use in aquatic pathogens as antimicrobial agents. It would be possible to develop biologically active compounds of microalgae as a functional feed for aquaculture.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) pada Berbagai Konsentrasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara In-Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Budi Artaningsih ◽  
Nur Habibah ◽  
Mastra Nyoman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Growth Inhibition Zone

<p><em>Streptococcus mutans</em> is a positive gram bacteria which cause dental caries. From the several previous studies, Gamal leaf has been predicted as the antibacterial agent because of their active substance such as tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. The objective of the study was to know the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Gamal leaf (<em>Gliricidia sepium</em>) for <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> in various concentrations. This study was a true experimental with post-test only control design. The determination of antibacterial activity in this study was conducted by using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method with the various concentrations, there were 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80%. The positive and negative controls in this study were 30 µg disk diffusion of chloramphenicol and the 96% of ethanol. The average inhibition of zone diameter in the concentrations of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80% were 11.3, 12.3, 13.4, 15.3 and 19.2 mm, respectively. One Way ANOVA statistical analysis showed that the value of p was 0.000, so there was a difference of growth inhibition zone of <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> in various concentrations of ethanol extract of Gamal leaf (<em>Gliricidia sepium</em>). Based on the result, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Gamal leaf (<em>Gliricidia sepium</em>) have strong antibacterial activity, especially to <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> bacteria.</p>

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BUAH ADAS (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) PADA Vibrio harveyi DAN Vibrio alginolyticus Antibacterial Activity of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) Extract on Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Budianto Budianto ◽  
Arief Prajitno ◽  
Ating Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Paper Disk

Evaluation of natural products as a safe and effective antimicrobial agent is a scientific strategy to treat the drugresistant pathogens.Fennel(FoeniculumvulgareMill) is an herbal plant that has an active in gredient which is one of its benefit sasan antibacterial material.In thisstudy,water extract of fennel fruit determined the antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus using the minimumInhibitory  Concentration Test (MIC) and paper disk diffusion method. The results obtained on the MIC, the smallest concentration inhibited the growth was 0,060 g/ml, for both bacteria. The variations on Paper Disk Diffusion Method were the concentrations of A (0.065 g/ml), B (0.070g/ml), C (0.075 g/mL), D (0.080 g/ml), E (0.085 g/ml), F (0.090 g/ml) and Control (0.000 g/ml). The concentration of 0.090 g/ml had the highest inhibition zone diameter in 11.17 ± 0.5 mm (V. harveyi) and 12.53 ± 1.14 mm (V. alginolyticus). It can be concluded that the fruits of fennel (F. vulgare Mill) has a very important ecological role as an alternative treatment in controlling the spread of vibriosis caused by V. harveyi and V. alginolyticus.Keywords: Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, MIC test and paper disk diffusionABSTRAKEvaluasi produk alami sebagai agen antimikrobia yang aman dan efektif adalah salah satu strategi ilmiah untuk memerangi ancaman patogen resistan terhadap obat. Fennel, (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), umumnya dikenal sebagai adas, merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki bahan aktif yang salah satu manfaatnya adalah sebagai bahan antibakteri.Pada penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak air dari buah adas untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Vibrio harveyi dan Vibrio alginolyticus dengan menggunakan metode uji Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan difusi cakram kertas. Hasil yang diperoleh pada uji MIC, konsentrasi terkecil untuk menghambat pertumbuhan adalah 0,060 g/ml, untuk kedua spesies bakteri. Variasi perlakuan pada uji cakram kertas yaitu konsentrasi A (0,065 g/ml), B (0,070 g/ml), C (0,075 g/ml), D (0,080 g/ml), E (0,085 g/ml), F (0,090 g/ml) dan kontrol (0,000 g/ml), hasil yang diperoleh adalah konsentrasi 0,090 g/ml memiliki diameter zona hambat tertinggi sebesar 11,17 ± 0,5 mm (V. harveyi) dan 12,53 ± 1,14 mm (V. alginolyticus), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa buah adas (F. vulgare Mill) memiliki peranan ekologi yang sangat penting sebagai bahan pengobatan alternatif dalam pengendalian penyebaran penyakit Vibriosis yang disebabkan oleh V. harveyi dan V. alginolyticus.Kata kunci: Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, uji MIC dan difusi cakram kertas 

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Jatropha curcas (Linn) Leaves Extract a gainst Vibrio harveyi and Aeromonas hydrophila

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Nasrullah Bai Arifin ◽  
Imas Marthapratama ◽  
Ellana Sanoesi ◽  
Arief Prajitno
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Paper Disk

The use of natural products as an antimicrobial agent is an alternative way in the treating drug-resistant pathogens. A. hydrophila and V. harveyi are pathogenic bacteria both in freshwater and marine culture, respectively. Physic nut (Jatropha curcas, Linn) has been known as an herbal plant that has an antibacterial agent. The purpose of this study was to analyze inhibition ability of an extract of physic nut leaves on the growth of V. harveyi and A. hydrophila. In this study, water extract of physic nut leaves was determined to evaluate the antibacterial activity against V. harveyi and A. hydrophila using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Test (MIC) and Paper Disk Diffusion Method. The smallest concentration on the MIC was 0.10 g/ml for A. hydrophila and 0.15 g/ml for V. harveyi, respectively. The Paper Disk Diffusion Method used difference concentrations (0.10 g/ml; 0.15 g/ml; 0.20 g/ml; 0.25 g/ml; 0.30 g/ml; 0.35 g/ml; dan 0.40 g/ml) and Control (0 g/ml). The concentration of 0.35 g/ml had the highest inhibition zone diameter in 11.3±0.2 mm for A. hydrophila and 0.40 g/ml had the highest inhibition zone in 11.2±0.3 mm for V. harveyi. The result showed that water extract of physic nut leaves was able to inhibit both tested bacteria.

Synthesis and Characterization of Some New 1,3,4-thiadiazole Compounds Derived from 3,4-(Methylenedioxy)cinnamic Acid and their Antimicrobial Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 825-836
Author(s):  
Halit Muğlu ◽  
Mahmut Gür ◽  
Maesm Ahmed Mohamed Ben Hsin ◽  
Nesrin Şener ◽  
Sevil Özkınalı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Compound Viii ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Some new 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds derived from 3,4-(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid were synthesized in this study. Their structures were determined using UV-Vis, IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the antibacterial activities of the new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were tested against Gram positive (Enterococcus durans, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Enterobacter aerogenes) bacteria using the disk diffusion method. Furthermore, their antifungal activity was tested against Candida albicans using the disk diffusion method. Some of the synthesized compounds (V, VII, XIII, and XIV) showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Also, one synthesized compound (VIII) showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, exhibiting 8 and 9 mm inhibition zones using 50 and 80 &#181;L. One compound (IX) showed antibacterial activity against E. aerogenes, exhibiting a 12 mm inhibition zone using 80 &#181;L. One compound (XIII) showed antibacterial activity against S. kentucky, exhibiting an inhibition zone of about 9 mm using 80 &#181;L. Also, one compound (VII) showed antibacterial activity against E. durans, exhibiting 7, 7, and 8 mm inhibition zones using 30, 50, and 80 &#181;L. None of the compounds (I-XV) showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. These results showed that some of the synthesized compounds could be used as antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) terhadap Salmonella typhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Achmad Syarifudin Noor ◽  
Bawon Triatmoko ◽  
Nuri Nuri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Zone Diameter

The leaves of kenikir are known to have many benefits, one of which can be used as medicine. Kenikir leaves are reported to have antibacterial activity against the bacteria Salmonella typhi (S.typhi). S. typhi is a bacterium that causes typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is still an endemic disease in Asian countries, especially Indonesia. Typhoid fever became the third largest disease in Indonesia in 2010. The study related to the antibacterial activity of kenikir leaf fraction to S. typhi has never been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to the antibacterial activity of extracts and leaf fractions of kenikir to compare their potential against S. typhi. The study was conducted using the disk diffusion method using 5 series of concentrations namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%. Tests were carried out on methanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction. The results showed that highest inhibition zone diameter is 7,75 mm which is reached by methanol extract. The order of the highest inhibiting zone diameter are extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of two Mentha Species Essential Oil and its Dependence on Different Origin and Chemical Diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Pl'uchtová ◽  
Teresa Gervasi ◽  
Qada Benameur ◽  
Vito Pellizzeri ◽  
Daniela Grul'ová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Growth Inhibition Zone

Genus Mentha presents group of plants which are the most studied in family Lamiaceae. Aboveground parts are used for different purposes in pharmacy, food industry or confectionery. Most important is natural product extracted from leaves - essential oil (EO). The aim of presented experiment was to demonstrate different chemotype and compare antibacterial activity of two Mentha species EO. Plant samples were obtained from various environments – from Slovakia and from Italy. Dominant compounds were determined by GC/MS. The results showed high amount of menthol and menthone in tested Slovak peppermint EO. On the other hand, carvone and 1,8-cineole were determinate as dominant compounds in Italian spearmint EO. The antimicrobial activity of the EO was investigated by disc diffusion and broth micro dilution methods. EO was evaluated for their antibacterial activity against 7 microorganisms: Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes. The determination results of antibacterial activity by agar disk diffusion method ranged from 7 to 14 mm of the growth inhibition zone. MIC of tested mint EO varied from 0.625 to 2.5 μg/mL. In addition, both EO showed relatively the same antibacterial activity against the selected Gram-negative bacteria. However, there is a variation in the antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals Effect of Culture Medium on the Disk Diffusion Method for Determining Antifungal Susceptibilities of Dermatophytes

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2222-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belkys Fernández-Torres ◽  
Alfonso Carrillo-Muñoz ◽  
Isabel Inza ◽  
Josep Guarro
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT We have evaluated a disk diffusion method to determine the activities of five drugs against 50 strains of dermatophytes and to assess the influence of the culture medium (antibiotic medium 3, high-resolution medium, and RPMI) on the inhibition zone diameters (IZD). There were no differences among the medium/drug combinations, except for itraconazole-RPMI, which showed the narrowest IZD.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG KUNYIT (Curcuma longa L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
Lia Fikayuniar ◽  
Neni Sri Gunarti ◽  
Mellya Apriliani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Paper Disk

ABSTRAK Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman obat yang termasuk dalam keluarga Zingiberaceae. Senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) mampu bekerja sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara refluks menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi paper disk dengan masing-masing konsentrasi ekstrak 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% b/v. Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah Ciprofloxacin sedangkan kontrol negatif yang digunakan adalah DMSO. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin dan terpenoid. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% dan konsentrasi 40% merupakan konsentrasi yang memberikan diameter zona hambat terbesar terhadap kedua bakteri uji yaitu 8,63 mm dan 7,8 mm. Kata Kunci : aktivitas antibakteri, Curcuma longa L., Staphylococcus aureus,    ABSTRACT Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one type of medicinal plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The active compounds contained in the Curcuma longa L. rhizome can work as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Curcuma longa L. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the paper disk diffusion method with each extract concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%. The positive control used was Ciprofloxacin while the negative control used was DMSO. The results of phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of Curcuma longa L. rhizome contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and terpenoids. Based on the results of the study, the ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 40% concentrations which give the largest inhibition zone diameter of the two test bacteria which is 8.63 mm and 7.8 mm. Keywords: antibacterial activity, Curcuma longa L., Staphylococcus aureus,  

scholarly journals Screening of Antibacterial Activities of the Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Leaves of Medinilla speciosa Blume

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Puteri Amelia ◽  
Rachma Ayunda ◽  
Saiful Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc

Endophytes or endophytic fungi have been investigated as a store house of bioactive compound. This study was aimed to evaluate the potential antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Medinilla speciosa Blume. The antibacterial test was determined by measuring the inhibition zone with disk-diffusion method. Twenty endophytes were isolated from the leaves of Medinilla speciosa Blume and identified morphologically. The results demonstrated that ten isolates showed variation in their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313. Further investigation will be needed to explore and identify the bioactive molecules of the isolated endophytic fungi.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TEA, BREADFRUIT, AND PIPER BETLE LEAVES EXTRACTS AGAINST Propionibacterium acnes AND ITS APPLICATION AS ANTI-ACNE MASK

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Angie Lucita ◽  
Tensiska Tensiska
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extract Concentration

Tea, breadfruit, and piper betle leaves contain bioactive components that have a function as an antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of leaf extract that has the highest inhibition power against Proponibacterium acnes and determine the concentration of the selected extract for mask applications that have good physical characteristics and acceptable to panelists. Extraction of tea, breadfruit, and piper betel leaves were carried out with 96% ethanol solvent using maceration method for 24 hours and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. Thick extracts contribute to antibacterial activity by disk diffusion method and total phenolic content. The selected extract was formulated into a clay mask with concentration of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The result showed that breadfruit leaf extract had the highest inhibition power against Propionibacterium acnes which was 10.844 ± 0.327 mm (strong inhibition category) so that extract can be applied to clay mask. Breadfruit leaf extract concentration of 1.5% was the chosen formulation because it meets the standards, approved by the panelists and the most effective antibacterial for acne problems.

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