Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor Laninamivir Octanoate (CS-8958) versus Oseltamivir as Treatment for Children with Influenza Virus Infection

ABSTRACT We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial to compare a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor, laninamivir octanoate, with oseltamivir. Eligible patients were children 9 years of age and under who had febrile influenza symptoms of no more than 36-h duration. Patients were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: a group given 40 mg laninamivir (40-mg group), a group given 20 mg laninamivir (20-mg group), and an oseltamivir group. Laninamivir octanoate was administered as a single inhalation. Oseltamivir (2 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally twice daily for 5 days. The primary end point was the time to alleviation of influenza illness. The primary analysis included 184 patients (61, 61, and 62 in the 40-mg group, 20-mg group, and oseltamivir group, respectively). Laninamivir octanoate markedly reduced the median time to illness alleviation in comparison with oseltamivir in patients infected with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H1N1) virus, and the reductions were 60.9 h for the 40-mg group and 66.2 h for the 20-mg group. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the times to alleviation of illness between the laninamivir groups and oseltamivir group for patients with influenza A (H3N2) or B virus infection. Laninamivir octanoate was well tolerated. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal events. Laninamivir octanoate was an effective and well-tolerated treatment for children with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Further study will be needed to confirm clinical efficacy against influenza A (H3N2) or B virus infection. Its ease of administration is noteworthy, because a single inhalation is required during the course of illness.

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Seasonal H1N1 2007 influenza virus infection is associated with elevated pre‐exposure antibody titers to the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus

Clinical Microbiology and Infection ◽

10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03352.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 732-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. Lemaitre ◽

M. Leruez‐Ville ◽

X.N. De Lamballerie ◽

N. Salez ◽

P. Garrone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Antibody Titers

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Prevalence of Influenza Virus Type and Subtype at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand During 2013 - 2017

Ramathibodi Medical Journal ◽

10.33165/rmj.2020.43.3.241918 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Nattapol Narong ◽

Siriwat Manajit ◽

Sirikarn Athipanyasil ◽

Niracha Athipanyasilp ◽

Ruengpung Sutthent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Influenza A ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

B Virus ◽

Siriraj Hospital

Background: Influenza A (pandemic and seasonal H1/H3) and influenza B viruses were the predominant circulating seasonal influenza strains. Following its massive outbreak in 2009 globally, including Thailand, influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 viruses have replaced the previous seasonal H1 strain and become one of the circulating strains ever since. Both influenza A and B viruses are highly contagious and potentially cause respiratory illness ranging from mild to severe. Objective: To determine the prevalence of types and subtypes of circulating influenza virus strains in Bangkok, Thailand during 2013 - 2017. Methods: The 4385 nasopharyngeal wash specimens were collected from patients presented with influenza-like illness from January 2013 to December 2017 at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Influenza virus types and subtypes were determined using real-time RT-PCR technique. Clinical characteristics of patients infected with influenza A viruses and influenza B virus were compared and analyzed. Results: Of 4385 nasopharyngeal wash specimens, the prevalence of influenza virus infection during 2013 - 2017 was 18.22% (n = 799). Of 799 influenza-positive samples, 608 (76.09%) and 191 (23.90%) samples were positive for influenza A and influenza B viruses, respectively. Most patients were presented with fever, cough, and runny nose; however, patients infected with influenza A virus generally had higher severity than those with influenza B virus infection (P < .05). Conclusions: The findings provided the characteristics of influenza virus types and subtypes at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand during 2013 - 2017. Sporadic cases of influenza occurred all year round, but the incidence peaked in March 2014 and August 2017. The outcomes of this study are potentially useful for prevention, treatment, and disease monitoring.

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Influenza-induced thrombocytopenia is dependent on the subtype and sialoglycan receptor and increases with virus pathogenicity

Blood Advances ◽

10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001640 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (13) ◽

pp. 2967-2978 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. J. Gerard Jansen ◽

Thom Spaan ◽

Hui Zhi Low ◽

Daniele Di Iorio ◽

Judith van den Brand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Platelet Count ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Hepatic Clearance ◽

H3n2 Virus ◽

Influenza A H1n1

Abstract Thrombocytopenia is a common complication of influenza virus infection, and its severity predicts the clinical outcome of critically ill patients. The underlying cause(s) remain incompletely understood. In this study, in patients with an influenza A/H1N1 virus infection, viral load and platelet count correlated inversely during the acute infection phase. We confirmed this finding in a ferret model of influenza virus infection. In these animals, platelet count decreased with the degree of virus pathogenicity varying from 0% in animals infected with the influenza A/H3N2 virus, to 22% in those with the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus, up to 62% in animals with a highly pathogenic A/H5N1 virus infection. This thrombocytopenia is associated with virus-containing platelets that circulate in the blood. Uptake of influenza virus particles by platelets requires binding to sialoglycans and results in the removal of sialic acids by the virus neuraminidase, a trigger for hepatic clearance of platelets. We propose the clearance of influenza virus by platelets as a paradigm. These insights clarify the pathophysiology of influenza virus infection and show how severe respiratory infections, including COVID-19, may propagate thrombocytopenia and/or thromboembolic complications.

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Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum, Pneumopericardium and Pneumorrhachis as potential complications of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in healthy children

Open Medicine ◽

10.2478/s11536-011-0036-y ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 386-389

Author(s):

Filomena Pierri ◽

Antonio Chiaretti ◽

Giuseppe Barone ◽

Donato Rigante ◽

Piero Valentini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

H1n1 Virus Infection

AbstractWe report on two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium, in one case associated with pneumorrhachis, occurring in two children suffering from the novel influenza H1N1 virus infection. At the admission both children presented with fever, violent dry cough, dyspnea and tachypnea. Radiological studies showed sizeable pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium in both patients. One of the patients also a pneumorrachis. Children were initially treated by intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics, antipyretics and a cough sedative. Oral Oseltamivir (60 mg twice daily for 5 days) was administered after the diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Patients’ clinical condition quickly improved and children were discharged with a partial resolution of their radiological findings. Although these conditions are usually self-limiting and without respiratory or systemic consequences, their prompt recognition in children with H1N1 influenza virus infection is essential to establish fast and adequate therapy mainly related to the control of cough and the commencement of antiviral treatment.

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Effects of Heat-Killed Levilactobacillus brevis KB290 in Combination with β-Carotene on Influenza Virus Infection in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13093039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 3039

Author(s):

Shohei Satomi ◽

Naoko Waki ◽

Chinatsu Arakawa ◽

Kazuhiko Fujisawa ◽

Shigenori Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Influenza A ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Winter Season ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Β Carotene

Influenza, a seasonal acute respiratory disease caused primarily by the influenza virus A or B, manifests with severe symptoms leading to considerable morbidity and mortality and is a major concern worldwide. Therefore, effective preventive measures against it are required. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the preventive effects of heat-killed Levilactobacillus brevis KB290 (KB290) in combination with β-carotene (βC) on influenza virus infections in healthy Japanese subjects aged between 20 and 59 y throughout the winter season. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial from 16 December 2019 to 8 March 2020, comparing KB290 + βC beverage with placebo beverage. The primary endpoint was the incidence of influenza based on a doctor’s certificate. The incidence of influenza was not significantly different between the two groups. However, the subgroup analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups (influenza incidence: the KB290 + βC group 1.9%, and the placebo group 3.9%) in the subgroup of subjects aged ˂40 y, but not in the subgroup of subjects aged ≥40 y. The results of this trial suggest that the combination of KB290 and βC might be a possible candidate supplement for protection against the seasonal influenza virus infection in humans aged <40 y, although further clinical studies are needed to confirm the concrete preventive effect of this combination on influenza.

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Neurologic Complications Associated with Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in Children--Dallas, Texas, May 2009

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e552022010-003 ◽

2009 ◽

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Neurologic Complications ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Novel Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus Infection

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Protective effect of orally administered Spirulina braun-type lipoproteins against influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in mice

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1382706 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ND Pugh ◽

D Edwall ◽

L Lindmark ◽

KG Kousoulas ◽

A Iyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

H1n1 Virus Infection

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Next Generation of Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive HA Vaccines Elicited Cross-Reactive Immune Responses and Provided Protection against H1N1 Virus Infection

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9070793 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 793

Author(s):

Ying Huang ◽

Monique S. França ◽

James D. Allen ◽

Hua Shi ◽

Ted M. Ross

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Immune Responses ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Next Generation ◽

Wild Type ◽

Influenza A H1n1

Vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza virus infections, but the diversity of antigenically distinct isolates is a persistent challenge for vaccine development. In order to conquer the antigenic variability and improve influenza virus vaccine efficacy, our research group has developed computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRAs) in the form of recombinant hemagglutinins (rHAs) to elicit broader immune responses. However, previous COBRA H1N1 vaccines do not elicit immune responses that neutralize H1N1 virus strains in circulation during the recent years. In order to update our COBRA vaccine, two new candidate COBRA HA vaccines, Y2 and Y4, were generated using a new seasonal-based COBRA methodology derived from H1N1 isolates that circulated during 2013–2019. In this study, the effectiveness of COBRA Y2 and Y4 vaccines were evaluated in mice, and the elicited immune responses were compared to those generated by historical H1 COBRA HA and wild-type H1N1 HA vaccines. Mice vaccinated with the next generation COBRA HA vaccines effectively protected against morbidity and mortality after infection with H1N1 influenza viruses. The antibodies elicited by the COBRA HA vaccines were highly cross-reactive with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09-like viruses isolated from 2009 to 2021, especially with the most recent circulating viruses from 2019 to 2021. Furthermore, viral loads in lungs of mice vaccinated with Y2 and Y4 were dramatically reduced to low or undetectable levels, resulting in minimal lung injury compared to wild-type HA vaccines following H1N1 influenza virus infection.

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