scholarly journals Antifungal Susceptibility of Emerging Dimorphic Pathogens in the Family Ajellomycetaceae

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Dukik ◽  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Ilse Curfs-Breuker ◽  
Dirk Faro ◽  
Sybren de Hoog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Dimorphic Fungi ◽  
Minimum Effective Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACT The in vitro susceptibilities of 24 molecularly identified dimorphic fungi belonging to the genera Adiaspiromyces, Blastomyces, and Emergomyces within the family Ajellomycetaceae were tested against 8 standard antifungal agents using CLSI document M38-A2. Amphotericin B and posaconazole had the lowest geometric mean MICs (<0.05 μg/ml) followed by itraconazole (<0.07 μg/ml), voriconazole (<0.15 μg/ml), and isavuconazole (<0.42 μg/ml) while fluconazole was not active. Micafungin demonstrated good in vitro antifungal activity against Emergomyces (geometric mean minimum effective concentration [GM MEC] 0.1 μg/ml) and Blastomyces (GM MEC <0.017 μg/ml).

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of Isavuconazole against Rasamsonia Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 6890-6891 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Steinmann ◽  
S. Dittmer ◽  
J. Houbraken ◽  
J. Buer ◽  
P.-M. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Minimum Effective Concentration ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThein vitrosusceptibilities to the novel triazole isavuconazole and six other antifungal agents of a large collection ofRasamsoniaisolates (n= 47) belonging to seven species were determined. Isavuconazole and voriconazole had noin vitroactivity (MIC, >32 mg/liter) against isolates of theRasamsoniaargillaceaspecies complex. The echinocandins were the most potent antifungal drugs against all of the isolates tested (minimum effective concentration, ≤0.19 mg/liter).

scholarly journals Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Opportunistic Fungi in the Genera Verruconis and Ochroconis

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 3285-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Seyedmousavi ◽  
K. Samerpitak ◽  
A. J. M. M. Rijs ◽  
W. J. G. Melchers ◽  
J. W. Mouton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungi ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACTSpecies ofVerruconisand species ofOchroconisare dematiaceous fungi generally found in the environment but having the ability to infect humans, dogs, cats, poultry, and fish. This study presents the antifungal susceptibility patterns of these fungi at the species level. Forty strains originating from clinical and environmental sources were phylogenetically identified at the species level by using sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS).In vitroantifungal susceptibility testing was performed against eight antifungals, using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. The geometric mean MICs for amphotericin B (AMB), flucytosine (5FC), fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), and posaconazole (POS) and minimum effective concentrations (MECs) for caspofungin (CAS) and anidulafungin (AFG) across theOchroconisandVerruconisspecies were as follows, in increasing order. ForVerruconisspecies, the values (μg/ml) were as follows: AFG, 0.04; POS, 0.25; ITC, 0.37; AMB, 0.50; CAS, 0.65; VRC, 0.96; 5FC, 10.45; and FLC, 47.25. ForOchroconisspecies, the values (μg/ml) were as follows: AFG, 0.06; POS, 0.11; CAS, 0.67; VRC, 2.76; ITC, 3.94; AMB, 5.68; 5FC, 34.48; and FLC, 61.33. Antifungal susceptibility ofOchroconisandVerruconiswas linked with phylogenetic distance and thermotolerance. Echinocandins and POS showed the greatestin vitroactivity, providing possible treatment options forOchroconisandVerruconisinfections.

scholarly journals Low In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Tavaborole against Yeasts and Molds from Onychomycosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Abastabar ◽  
Iman Haghani ◽  
Tahereh Shokohi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Hedayati ◽  
Seyed Reza Aghili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Drug ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of tavaborole, an FDA-approved antifungal drug, was compared to that of four antifungal agents against 170 clinical fungal isolates originating from patients with onychomycosis. Tavaborole had low activity against all isolates compared to itraconazole, terbinafine, and fluconazole, the principal choices for treatment of onychomycosis. Thus, it appears that tavaborole is not a candidate for the treatment of onychomycosis due to Candida species, Aspergillus species, and dermatophytes.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Sensititre YeastOne and CLSI M38-A2 Microdilution Methods in Determining the Activity of Amphotericin B, Itraconazole, Voriconazole, and Posaconazole against Aspergillus Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuan-Chen Wang ◽  
Ming-I Hsieh ◽  
Pui-Ching Choi ◽  
Chi-Jung Wu
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT This study compared the YeastOne and reference CLSI M38-A2 broth microdilution methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species. The MICs of antifungal agents were determined for 100 Aspergillus isolates, including 54 Aspergillus fumigatus (24 TR34/L98H isolates), 23 A. flavus, 13 A. terreus, and 10 A. niger isolates. The overall agreement (within 2 2-fold dilutions) between the two methods was 100%, 95%, 92%, and 90% for voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B, respectively. The voriconazole geometric mean (GM) MICs were nearly identical for all isolates using both methods, whereas the itraconazole and posaconazole GM MICs obtained using the YeastOne method were approximately 1 dilution lower than those obtained using the reference method. In contrast, the amphotericin B GM MIC obtained using the YeastOne method was 3.3-fold higher than that observed using the reference method. For the 24 A. fumigatus TR34/L98H isolates assayed, the categorical agreement (classified according to the CLSI epidemiological cutoff values) was 100%, 87.5%, and 83.3% for itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole, respectively. For four A. niger isolates, the itraconazole MICs were >8 μg/ml using the M38-A2 method due to trailing growth, whereas the corresponding itraconazole MICs obtained using the YeastOne method were all ≤0.25 μg/ml without trailing growth. These data suggest that the YeastOne method can be used as an alternative for azole susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species and for detecting the A. fumigatus TR34/L98H isolates but that this method fails to detect A. niger isolates exhibiting trailing growth with itraconazole. Additionally, for isolates with azole MICs that approach or that are at susceptibility breakpoints or with high amphotericin B MICs detected using the YeastOne method, further MIC confirmation using the reference CLSI method is needed.

scholarly journals In VitroAntifungal Susceptibility of Yeast and Mold Phases of Isolates of Dimorphic Fungal Pathogen Emergomyces africanus (Formerly Emmonsia sp.) from HIV-Infected South African Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1812-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsidiso G. Maphanga ◽  
Erika Britz ◽  
Thokozile G. Zulu ◽  
Ruth S. Mpembe ◽  
Serisha D. Naicker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Custom Made

ABSTRACTDisseminated emmonsiosis is an important AIDS-related mycosis in South Africa that is caused byEmergomycesafricanus, a newly described and renamed dimorphic fungal pathogen.In vitroantifungal susceptibility data can guide management. Identification of invasive clinical isolates was confirmed phenotypically and by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. Yeast and mold phase MICs of fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin, and flucytosine were determined with custom-made frozen broth microdilution (BMD) panels in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. MICs of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole were determined by Etest. Fifty uniqueE. africanusisolates were tested. The yeast and mold phase geometric mean (GM) BMD and Etest MICs of itraconazole were 0.01 mg/liter. The voriconazole and posaconazole GM BMD MICs were 0.01 mg/liter for both phases, while the GM Etest MICs were 0.001 and 0.002 mg/liter, respectively. The fluconazole GM BMD MICs were 0.18 mg/liter for both phases. The GM Etest MICs of amphotericin B, for the yeast and mold phases were 0.03 and 0.01 mg/liter. The echinocandins and flucytosine had very limitedin vitroactivity. Treatment and outcome data were available for 37 patients; in a multivariable model including MIC data, only isolation from blood (odds ratio [OR], 8.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 54.4;P= 0.02) or bone marrow (OR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 120.2;P= 0.03) (versus skin biopsy) was associated with death.In vitrosusceptibility data support the management of disseminated emmonsiosis with amphotericin B, followed by itraconazole, voriconazole, or posaconazole. Fluconazole was a relatively less potent agent.

scholarly journals In VitroAntifungal Susceptibility of Clinically Relevant Species Belonging to Aspergillus SectionFlavi

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1944-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Gonçalves ◽  
Alberto M. Stchigel ◽  
Josep Cano ◽  
Josep Guarro ◽  
Arnaldo L. Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThein vitroantifungal susceptibility of 77 isolates belonging to different clinically relevant species ofAspergillussectionFlavi, including those of different phylogenetic clades ofA. flavus, was tested for nine antifungal agents using a microdilution reference method (CLSI, M38-A2). Terbinafine and the echinocandins demonstrated lower MICs/MECs for all species evaluated, followed by posaconazole. Amphotericin B showed MICs ≥ 2 μg/ml for 38 (49.4%) of the 77 isolates tested.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Novel Antifungal Olorofim against Filamentous Fungi and Comparison to Eight Other Antifungal Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Ourania Georgacopoulos ◽  
Natalie S. Nunnally ◽  
Eric M. Ransom ◽  
Derek Law ◽  
Mike Birch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Drug Classes

Olorofim is a novel antifungal drug that belongs to the orotomide drug class which inhibits fungal dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), thus halting pyrimidine biosynthesis and ultimately DNA synthesis, cell growth and division. It is being developed at a time when many invasive fungal infections exhibit antifungal resistance or have limited treatment options. The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of olorofim against a large collection of recently isolated, clinically relevant American mold isolates. In vitro antifungal activity was determined for 246 azole-susceptible Aspergillus fumigatus isolates, five A. fumigatus with TR34/L98H-mediated resistance, 19 Rhizopus species isolates, 21 Fusarium species isolates, and one isolate each of six other species of molds. Olorofim minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were compared to antifungal susceptibility testing profiles for amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, isavuconazole, itraconazole, micafungin, posaconazole, and voriconazole. Olorofim MICs were significantly lower than those of the echinocandin and azole drug classes and amphotericin B. A. fumigatus wild type and resistant isolates shared the same MIC50 = 0.008 μg/mL. In non-Aspergillus susceptible isolates (MIC ≤ 2 μg/mL), the geometric mean (GM) MIC to olorofim was 0.54 μg/mL with a range of 0.015–2 μg/mL. Olorofim had no antifungal activity (MIC ≥ 2 μg/mL) against 10% of the collection (31 in 297), including some isolates from Rhizopus spp. and Fusarium spp. Olorofim showed promising activity against A. fumigatus and other molds regardless of acquired azole resistance.

scholarly journals Comparison of in vitro susceptibility of different azoles agents against dermatophytes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Lanting Liu ◽  
Xiaoyun Liu ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Xiaoping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility

Abstract The research on antifungal resistance in dermatophytoses lags behind that on systemic mycose. Lack of datas of antifungal susceptibility testing in dermatophytoses is one reasion. 121 clinical dermatophytes isolates were tested against 6 azole antifungal agents according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method. Geometric mean MIC of all isolates were in increasing order: isavuconazole (GM 0.06 mg/L), posaconazole (GM 0.10 mg/L), itraconazole (GM 0.22 mg/L), voriconazole (GM 0.32 mg/L), ketoconazole (GM 0.40 mg/L), fluconazole (GM 10.18 mg/L).

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Novel Azole Compounds ATTAF-1 and ATTAF-2 against Fluconazole-Susceptible and -Resistant Isolates of Candida Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Fakhim ◽  
Saeed Emami ◽  
Afsane Vaezi ◽  
Seyedeh Mahdieh Hashemi ◽  
Leila Faeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of two novel azole compounds (aryl-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio analogues of fluconazole [ATTAFs]) and five comparator antifungal agents against 52 clinical Candida isolates from 5 different species were determined. The novel azole compounds had the lowest geometric mean MICs, followed by fluconazole. Moreover, combinations of these compounds with fluconazole exhibited synergistic effects against fluconazole-susceptible (22 of 23 isolates), fluconazole-susceptible dose-dependent (10 of 13 isolates), and fluconazole-resistant (1 of 16 isolates) Candida isolates.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of 12 Antifungal Drugs against 55 Trichophyton schoenleinii Isolates from Tinea Capitis Favosa Patients in Iran, Turkey, and China

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuwen Deng ◽  
Saham Ansari ◽  
Macit Ilkit ◽  
Haleh Rafati ◽  
Mohammad T. Hedayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Trichophyton Schoenleinii ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

ABSTRACT Trichophyton schoenleinii is an anthropophilic dermatophyte mainly causing tinea favosa of the scalp in certain regions of the world, especially Africa and Asia. We investigated the in vitro susceptibilities of 55 T. schoenleinii isolates collected over the last 30 years from Iran, Turkey, and China to 12 antifungals using the CLSI broth microdilution method. Our results revealed that terbinafine and ketoconazole were the most potent antifungal agents among those tested, independently of the geographic regions where strains were isolated.

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