Effect of Antimicrobial Agents on Inflammatory Cytokines in Acute Leptospirosis

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the inflammatory cytokine response and possible association with antimicrobial treatment with penicillin, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline in acute leptospirosis. In the early acute stage, interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were higher in mild cases than in severe cases ( P = 0.01). IL-6 and IL-8 levels were low in patients who received >5 antimicrobial doses ( P < 0.01). IL-8 levels were negatively correlated with the number of ceftriaxone doses administered ( r = −0.315; P = 0.031). Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines by ceftriaxone in leptospirosis.

Download Full-text

The anti-inflammatory cytokine response characterized by elevated interleukin-10 is a stronger predictor of severe disease and poor outcomes than the pro-inflammatory cytokine response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2020-1284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Brandon Michael Henry ◽

Stefanie W. Benoit ◽

Jens Vikse ◽

Brandon A. Berger ◽

Christina Pulvino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Cytokine Response ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine Response ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

AbstractObjectivesSevere coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a dysregulated immune state. While research has focused on the hyperinflammation, little research has been performed on the compensatory anti-inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory cytokine response to COVID-19, by assessing interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-10/lymphocyte count ratio and their association with outcomes.MethodsAdult patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were recruited. The primary endpoint was maximum COVID-19 severity within 30 days of index ED visit.ResultsA total of 52 COVID-19 patients were enrolled. IL-10 and IL-10/lymphocyte count were significantly higher in patients with severe disease (p<0.05), as well as in those who developed severe acute kidney injury (AKI) and new positive bacterial cultures (all p≤0.01). In multivariable analysis, a one-unit increase in IL-10 and IL-10/lymphocyte count were associated with 42% (p=0.031) and 32% (p=0.013) increased odds, respectively, of severe COVID-19. When standardized to a one-unit standard deviations scale, an increase in the IL-10 was a stronger predictor of maximum 30-day severity and severe AKI than increases in IL-6 or IL-8.ConclusionsThe hyperinflammatory response to COVID-19 is accompanied by a simultaneous anti-inflammatory response, which is associated with poor outcomes and may increase the risk of new positive bacterial cultures. IL-10 and IL-10/lymphocyte count at ED presentation were independent predictors of COVID-19 severity. Moreover, elevated IL-10 was more strongly associated with outcomes than pro-inflammatory IL-6 or IL-8. The anti-inflammatory response in COVID-19 requires further investigation to enable more precise immunomodulatory therapy against SARS-CoV-2.

Download Full-text

Interleukin-10: A Key Cytokine in Depression?

Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1155/2009/187894 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Susana Roque ◽

Margarida Correia-Neves ◽

Ana Raquel Mesquita ◽

Joana Almeida Palha ◽

Nuno Sousa

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Novel Target ◽

Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽

Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

An increasing body of evidence implicates proinflammatory cytokines in psychiatric disorders, namely, in depression. Of notice, recent studies showed that anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, also modulate depressive-like behavior. In this article, we propose that the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 is a putative link between two of the most widely reported phenomenon observed in depressed patients: the disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the imbalanced production of cytokines. If so, IL-10 might represent a novel target for antidepressant therapy.

Download Full-text