scholarly journals Identification of chromosomal location of mupA gene, encoding low-level mupirocin resistance in staphylococcal isolates.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2820-2823 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Ramsey ◽  
S F Bradley ◽  
C A Kauffman ◽  
T M Morton
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Southern Blot Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level

Low- and high-level mupirocin resistance have been reported in Staphylococcus aureus. The expression of plasmid-encoded mupA is responsible for high-level mupirocin resistance. Low-level mupirocin-resistant strains do not contain plasmid-encoded mupA, and a chromosomal location for this gene has not previously been reported. We examined high- and low-level mupirocin-resistant S. aureus strains to determine if mupA was present on the chromosome of low-level-resistant isolates. Southern blot analysis of DNA from four mupirocin-resistant strains identified mupA in both high- and low-level mupirocin-resistant strains. Low-level mupirocin-resistant strains contained a copy of mupA on the chromosome, while the high-level mupirocin-resistant isolate contained a copy of the gene on the plasmid. PCR amplification of genomic DNA from each mupirocin-resistant strain resulted in a 1.65-kb fragment, the predicted product from the intragenic mupA primers. This is the first report of a chromosomal location for the mupA gene conferring low-level mupirocin resistance.

scholarly journals Development of fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis and role of mutations in the DNA gyrase gyrA gene.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2558-2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Tankovic ◽  
F Mahjoubi ◽  
P Courvalin ◽  
J Duval ◽  
R Leclerco
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
French Hospital ◽  
High Level

We have analyzed the development of fluoroquinolone resistance between 1986 and 1993 among clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis from a French hospital. One hundred randomly selected isolates per year were screened for resistance to ciprofloxacin (MIC > 2 micrograms/ml) and for high-level resistance to gentamicin (MIC > 1,000 micrograms/ml). The percentages of ciprofloxacin-resistant strains for these years were as follows: 1986, 0; 1987, 1; 1988 to 1989, 2; 1990, 6; 1991, 16; 1992, 24; and 1993, 14. Eighty-three percent of the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were coresistant to high levels of gentamicin. Forty-eight high-level gentamicin-resistant E. faecalis strains, which were resistant (24 strains) or susceptible (24 strains) to ciprofloxacin, were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI-digested total DNA. Numerous PFGE types were observed among the ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates, whereas one type was largely predominant among the ciprofloxacin-resistant strains, which suggests that the increase in fluoroquinolone resistance was due to the spread of a single clone. A 241-bp fragment of gyrA, corresponding to the quinolone resistance-determining region, was amplified and sequenced for seven ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Six strains had high levels of resistance (MICs, 32 to 64 micrograms/ml) and had a mutation at position 83 (Escherichia coli coordinates) from Ser to Arg (three strains) or to Ile (two strains) or at position 87 from Glu to Gly (one strain), whereas the low-level-resistant isolate (MIC, 8 micrograms/ml) had no mutations.

scholarly journals Interpretive criteria to differentiate low- and high-level mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Elane Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Couto Marques Cardozo ◽  
Elizabeth de Andrade Marques ◽  
Kátia Regina Netto dos Santos ◽  
Marcia Giambiagi deMarval
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were classified into three mupirocin susceptibility groups by the disc diffusion method using 5 and 200 μg mupirocin discs. The zone diameter observed for a 5 μg disc distinguished MupS from the resistant strains (either MupRL or MupRH). On the other hand, a 200 μg disc distinguished the high-resistance MupRH strains from the other two (MupS or MupRL). Thus, the concomitant use of 5 and 200 μg mupirocin discs allowed the clear distinction among the three mupirocin susceptibility groups, MupS, MupRL or MupRH.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Isolated during Ciprofloxacin Therapy from a Patient with Bronchiectasis

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1419-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adela G. de la Campa ◽  
María-José Ferrandiz ◽  
Fe Tubau ◽  
Román Pallarés ◽  
Federico Manresa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT Five Spain9V-3 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were isolated from a patient with bronchiectasis who had received long-term ciprofloxacin therapy. One ciprofloxacin-susceptible strain was isolated before treatment, and four ciprofloxacin-resistant strains were isolated during treatment. The resistant strains were derived from the susceptible strain either by a parC mutation (low-level resistance) or by parC and gyrA mutations (high-level resistance). This study shows that ciprofloxacin therapy in a patient colonized by susceptible S. pneumoniae may select fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants.

scholarly journals Distribution of the cfiA Gene among Bacteroides fragilis Strains in Japan and Relatedness of cfiA to Imipenem Resistance

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2808-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuo Yamazoe ◽  
Naoki Kato ◽  
Haru Kato ◽  
Kaori Tanaka ◽  
Yoshihiro Katagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Imipenem Resistance

ABSTRACT The cfiA gene, encoding an imipenem-hydrolyzing metallo-β-lactamase produced by Bacteroides fragilis, and insertion-like elements were detected by PCR amplification withB. fragilis strains isolated in Japan. The cfiAgene was found in 1.9 and 4.1% of the imipenem-susceptible B. fragilis isolates collected from 1987 to 1988 and from 1992 to 1994, respectively. Insertion-like elements adjacent to thecfiA gene were found in all nine metallo-β-lactamase-producing imipenem-resistant strains tested but not in nine cfiA-positive strains with no detectable metallo-β-lactamase activity.

scholarly journals MUPIROCIN RESISTANCE IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF SOUTH INDIA – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Malavalli Venkatesh Bhavana ◽  
Sangeeta Joshi ◽  
Ranjeeta Adhikary ◽  
Hosdurg Bhaskar Beena
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Level Resistance

Objective: Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic used for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and for the nasal decolonization of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The increasing reports of resistance to mupirocin are a matter of concern. We undertook this study to detect and differentiate the mupirocin resistance pattern and to analyze the susceptibility pattern among S. aureus isolates of our hospital.Methods: This is a prospective laboratory-based study conducted during the period May–September 2014. Clinical samples that grew S. aureus during the study period were tested for mupirocin resistance using the 5 μg and 200 μg discs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) detection of resistant strains was performed using the E-test.Results: Mupirocin resistance was seen in 4.81% of our S. aureus isolates; all of which exhibited high-level resistance with MIC ≥1024 μg/ml.Conclusions: The resistance is bound to rise with the increased usage of mupirocin; regular testing will help in tackling this upcoming problem and in preserving this important antibiotic against MRSA.

Methicillin-Susceptible and -ResistantStaphylococcus aureuswith High-Level Antiseptic and Low-Level Mupirocin Resistance in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Ghasemzadeh-Moghaddam ◽  
Alex van Belkum ◽  
Rukman Awang Hamat ◽  
Willem van Wamel ◽  
Vasanthakumari Neela
Keyword(s):  
Low Level ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals 591. Mupirocin and Chlorhexidine Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Children in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S279-S279
Author(s):  
Bi Na Kim ◽  
Hyun Mi Kang ◽  
Sun Hee Park ◽  
Joonhong Park ◽  
Jin Han Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Chlorhexidine Bathing ◽  
Nasal Mupirocin ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Increasing prevalence of mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have been reported, and chlorhexidine resistance has become an issue. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mupirocin and chlorhexidine resistance in both colonized and infection causing Staphylococcus aureus in children, and find factors associated with increased virulence. Methods Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from children <18 years old admitted at a single center, were collected prospectively from August 2017 to July 2018. The isolates underwent multilocus sequence typing and were screened for genes causing chlorhexidine resistance (qac A/B), quaternary ammonium resistance (smr), mupirocin resistance (ileS mutation, Mup A, MupB), and Pantone Valentine Leucocidin (pvl) toxin. Results During the study period, a total of 49 non-duplicate isolates were included, of which 69.4% (n = 34) were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Of the colonizers (n = 25), the most common sequence type was ST 72 (68.0%), whereas among pathogens (n = 24), ST 72 (29.2%) and ST 89 (29.2%) were most prevalent. Pathogens in this study caused abscess formation (n = 3), sepsis (n = 4), and skin infections such as cellulitis and omphalitis (n = 17). Mupirocin resistance was found in 16.0% among colonizers vs. 45.8% among pathogens (P = 0.023). High-level mupirocin resistance was more common (n = 3/25, 12.0%) than low-level mupirocin resistance (n = 1/25, 4.0%) in colonizers, whereas, pathogens had similar rates of low-level (25.0%) and high-level (n = 20.8%) mupirocin resistance. PVL toxin gene was more frequently found in colonizers than pathogens (64.0% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.032), and all isolates had quaternary ammonium resistance genes. Chlorhexidine resistance gene was found in only 3 MRSA isolates colonized in the nares of preterm infants. All were SCCmec type 4, however, two were ST 72, spa type t1054, which had high -level mupirocin resistance and PVL toxin gene. Conclusion A PVL toxin gene-positive MRSA which had genes causing mupirocin and chlorhexidine resistance were found in the nasal carriages of preterm infants. These stains may cause failure of MRSA eradication in hospital settings, using conventional methods of nasal mupirocin application and chlorhexidine bathing. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals MUPIROCIN RESISTANCE IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF SOUTH INDIA – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Malavalli Venkatesh Bhavana ◽  
Sangeeta Joshi ◽  
Ranjeeta Adhikary ◽  
Hosdurg Bhaskar Beena
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Level Resistance

Objective: Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic used for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and for the nasal decolonization of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The increasing reports of resistance to mupirocin are a matter of concern. We undertook this study to detect and differentiate the mupirocin resistance pattern and to analyze the susceptibility pattern among S. aureus isolates of our hospital.Methods: This is a prospective laboratory-based study conducted during the period May–September 2014. Clinical samples that grew S. aureus during the study period were tested for mupirocin resistance using the 5 μg and 200 μg discs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) detection of resistant strains was performed using the E-test.Results: Mupirocin resistance was seen in 4.81% of our S. aureus isolates; all of which exhibited high-level resistance with MIC ≥1024 μg/ml.Conclusions: The resistance is bound to rise with the increased usage of mupirocin; regular testing will help in tackling this upcoming problem and in preserving this important antibiotic against MRSA.

scholarly journals High-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae requires mutations in parC and gyrA.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2760-2764 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Janoir ◽  
V Zeller ◽  
M D Kitzis ◽  
N J Moreau ◽  
L Gutmann
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

The mechanism of high-level fluoroquinolone resistance was studied in strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, either selected in vitro or isolated from clinical samples. By using DNA from these high-level-resistant strains, low-level-resistant transformants (MIC of pefloxacin, > or = 32 micrograms/ml; MIC of ciprofloxacin, 4 micrograms/ml; MIC of sparfloxacin, 0.50 micrograms/ml) were obtained at high frequencies (ca.10(-2)), while high-level-resistant transformants (MIC of pefloxacin, > or = 64 micrograms/ml; MIC of ciprofloxacin, 16 to 64 micrograms/ml; MIC of sparfloxacin, > or = 8 micrograms/ml) were obtained only at low frequencies (ca.10(-4)). This suggested that mutations in at least two unlinked genes were necessary to obtain high-level resistance. Low-level resistance was associated with ParC mutations (change from Ser to Tyr at position 79 [Ser79Tyr], Ser79Phe, or Asp83Gly). ParC mutations were associated, in high-level-resistant strains and transformants, with alterations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of GyrA (Ser84Tyr, Ser84Phe, and/or Glu88Lys). Low-level resistance was shown to be necessary for expression of the gyrA mutations. No mutation in the region corresponding to the quinolone resistance-determining region of GyrB and no alteration of drug accumulation were found.

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