scholarly journals Sulfated carbohydrate compounds prevent microbial adherence by sexually transmitted disease pathogens.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2776-2780 ◽  
Author(s):  
B C Herold ◽  
A Siston ◽  
J Bremer ◽  
R Kirkpatrick ◽  
G Wilbanks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sulfated Carbohydrate ◽  
Microbial Adherence

Heparan sulfate (HS) serves as a receptor for adherence of herpes simplex viruses, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and, indirectly, human immunodeficiency virus. Using primary human culture systems, we identified sulfated carbohydrate compounds that resemble HS and competitively inhibit infection by these pathogens. These compounds are candidates for intravaginal formulations for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.

Behavioral Risks for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Adolescent Medical Patients

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Arlene Rubin Stiffman ◽  
Felton Earls
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

This paper is an examination of the extent to which adolescents in primary care indicated behavioral risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection, and the degree to which their clinic records reflected either awareness of such conditions or interventions for them. Levels of risk were assigned to the youths based on known risk factors in adult populations and arbitrarily selected natural breaks in the frequency of sexual behaviors. Of the sample, 3% were at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection because the adolescents engaged in prostitution, injectable drug use, male homosexual behavior, or had a sexually transmitted disease associated with genital ulcers or sores; 16% were at moderate risk because the youths had more than six sexual partners in the year preceding the interview or had nonulcerative forms of sexually transmitted disease; and the remainder were at low risk. Fewer than half of the youths at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection sought or received help for any of their problem behaviors, while virtually all sought and received help for sexually transmitted diseases. Because a high proportion of the youths engaging in risky behaviors had sexually transmitted diseases, the most promising approach for prevention of human immunodeficiency disease infection is through health clinics that treat sexually transmitted diseases. These clinics could screen the youths for associated behavioral risk factors, and then offer preventive or interventive services.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Transmission of HIV in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Tahmina Shirin ◽  
Saidur Rahman ◽  
Fareha Jesmin Rabbi ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir ◽  
KZ Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus

The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among patients attending out patients department of Skin and Venereal diseases of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka and Shahid Sohrawardy Hospital, Dhaka was studied. A total of 230 patients were enrolled in the study during the period of July, 2006 to May, 2007. Urethral and endocervical swabs were collected from the participants for detection of Neisseria gonorrheae (by culture), Chlamydia trachomatis (by immunochromatoghraphy) and blood samples for the detection of Treponema pallidum antibody (by rapid plasma regain and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay), Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody (both IgM and IgG by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and Human Immunodeficiency virus antibody (by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Socio-demographic data and data regarding high-risk sexual behavior were also collected. Out of 230 participants, 199 (86.5%) were positive for STDs pathogens studied, among them, 98 (42.6%) were infected with single pathogen and 101 (43.9%) were suffering from multiple infections. The prevalences of N. gonorrheae, C. trachomatis, T. pallidum, and HSV type 2 were 90 (39.1%), 110 (47.8%), 28 (12.2%) and 88 (38.2%) respectively. However, none of them were positive for HIV infection. Use of condom was significantly associated with protection of the participants against STDs. Keywords: Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, Herpes simplex virus type-2, Human Immunodeficiency virus   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2968 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 27-33

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