scholarly journals Serogroup, Virulence, and Genetic Traits of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Estuarine Ecosystem of Bangladesh

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (19) ◽  
pp. 6268-6274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munirul Alam ◽  
Wasimul B. Chowdhury ◽  
N. A. Bhuiyan ◽  
Atiqul Islam ◽  
Nur A. Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

ABSTRACT Forty-two strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from Bay of Bengal estuaries and, with two clinical strains, analyzed for virulence, phenotypic, and molecular traits. Serological analysis indicated O8, O3, O1, and K21 to be the major O and K serogroups, respectively, and O8:K21, O1:KUT, and O3:KUT to be predominant. The K antigen(s) was untypeable, and pandemic serogroup O3:K6 was not detected. The presence of genes tox R and tlh were confirmed by PCR in all but two strains, which also lacked tox R. A total of 18 (41%) strains possessed the virulence gene encoding thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), and one had the TDH-related hemolysin (trh) gene, but not tdh. Ten (23%) strains exhibited Kanagawa phenomenon that surrogates virulence, of which six, including the two clinical strains, possessed tdh. Of the 18 tdh-positive strains, 17 (94%), including the two clinical strains, had the seromarker O8:K21, one was O9:KUT, and the single trh-positive strain was O1:KUT. None had the group-specific or ORF8 pandemic marker gene. DNA fingerprinting employing pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SfiI-digested DNA and cluster analysis showed divergence among the strains. Dendrograms constructed using PFGE (SfiI) images from a soft database, including those of pandemic and nonpandemic strains of diverse geographic origin, however, showed that local strains formed a cluster, i.e., “clonal cluster,” as did pandemic strains of diverse origin. The demonstrated prevalence of tdh-positive and diarrheagenic serogroup O8:K21 strains in coastal villages of Bangladesh indicates a significant human health risk for inhabitants.

Pandemic strains of O3:K6Vibrio parahaemolyticusin the aquatic environment of Bangladesh

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sirajul Islam ◽  
Rizwana Tasmin ◽  
Sirajul Islam Khan ◽  
Habibul Bari Mahmud Bakht ◽  
Zahid Hayat Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Gene Probe ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Tdh Gene

A total of 1500 environmental strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, isolated from the aquatic environment of Bangladesh, were screened for the presence of a major V. parahaemolyticus virulence factor, the thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) gene, by the colony blot hybridization method using a digoxigenin-labeled tdh gene probe. Of 1500 strains, 5 carried the tdh sequence, which was further confirmed by PCR using primers specific for the tdh gene. Examination by PCR confirmed that the 5 strains were V. parahamolyticus and lacked the thermostable direct haemolysin-related haemolysin (trh) gene, the alternative major virulence gene known to be absent in pandemic strains. All 5 strains gave positive Kanagawa phenomenon reaction with characteristic β-haemolysis on Wagatsuma agar medium. Southern blot analysis of the HindIII-digested chromosomal DNA demonstrated, in all 5 strains, the presence of 2 tdh genes common to strains positive for Kanagawa phenomenon. However, the 5 strains were found to belong to 3 different serotypes (O3:K29, O4:K37, and O3:K6). The 2 with pandemic serotype O3:K6 gave positive results in group-specific PCR and ORF8 PCR assays, characteristics unique to the pandemic clone. Clonal variations among the 5 isolates were analyzed by comparing RAPD and ribotyping patterns. Results showed different patterns for the 3 serotypes, but the pattern was identical among the O3:K6 strains. This is the first report on the isolation of pandemic O3:K6 strains of V. parahaemolyticus from the aquatic environment of Bangladesh.Key words: pandemic strains, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Association of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Present in the Coastal Environment of Northwest Mexico with Cases of Recurrent Diarrhea between 2004 and 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1794-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Velazquez-Roman ◽  
Nidia León-Sicairos ◽  
Héctor Flores-Villaseñor ◽  
Santiago Villafaña-Rauda ◽  
Adrian Canizalez-Roman
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
Northwestern Mexico

ABSTRACTIn 2004, more than 1,230 cases of gastroenteritis due to pandemic O3:K6 strains ofVibrio parahaemolyticuswere reported in southern Sinaloa, a state in Northwestern Mexico. Recurrent sporadic cases arose from 2004 to 2010, spreading from the south to the north. In the present study,Vibrio parahaemolyticuswas detected in both environmental samples and clinical cases along the Pacific coast of Sinaloa during 2004 to 2010. An evaluation was made of the serotypes, distribution of virulence genes, and presence of pandemic O3:K6 strains. A total of 144 strains were isolated from environmental samples (from sediment, seawater, and shrimp), and 154 clinical strains were isolated. A total of 10 O serogroups and 30 serovars were identified in the strains. Environmental strains (n= 144) belonged to 10 O serogroups and 28 serovars, while clinical strains (n= 154) belonged to 8 O serogroups and 14 serovars. Ten serovars were shared by both environmental and clinical strains. Among 144 environmental isolates, 4.1% (6/144) belonged to the pandemic clone, with 83.3% containing theorf8gene and with O3:K6 accounting for 67%. On the other hand, pathogenic strains (tdhand/ortrh) accounted for 52% (75/144) of the environmental isolates. Interestingly, among 154 clinical isolates, 80.5% (124/154) were pandemic strains, with O3:K6 (tdh,toxRSnew, andorf8) representing the predominant serovar (99.2%, 123/124). Overall, our results indicate that in spite of a high serodiversity and prevalence of pathogenicVibrio parahaemolyticusin the environment, the pandemic strain O3:K6 caused >79% of reported cases between 2004 and 2010 in Sinaloa, Mexico.

Distribution of Virulent and Pandemic Strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Three Molluscan Shellfish Species (Meretrix meretrix, Perna viridis, and Anadara granosa) and Their Association with Foodborne Disease in Southern Thailand

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2615-2620 ◽  
Author(s):  
VARAPORN VUDDHAKUL ◽  
SUPATINEE SOBOON ◽  
WATTANEE SUNGHIRAN ◽  
SUKHON KAEWPIBOON ◽  
ASHRAFUZZAMAN CHOWDHURY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Hard Clam ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Alkaline Peptone Water ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Pandemic Strains

Distribution of pandemic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood, particularly in molluscan shellfish, and their serological and molecular relationships to clinical strains were examined from Hat Yai City in southern Thailand. During 2000 to 2002, virulent strains (tdh+ or trh+) were isolated from 13 of 230 molluscan shellfish samples using alkaline peptone water enrichment followed by immunomagnetic separation. The isolates included 12 pandemic strains (tdh+, trh−, group-specific PCR positive) from five Oriental hard clam samples, five green mussel samples, and one bloody clam sample. Among the pandemic strains, eight belonged to serogroup O3:K6, three belonged to O1:K25, and one was O1:K untypeable. One hundred eighty-seven strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from clinical specimens obtained from a hospital in this city during 2000 to 2001. The pandemic strains comprised 64 and 68% of the isolates in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Among the serotypes of the pandemic strains, O3:K6 was dominant at 73% in 2000 and 76% in 2001 followed by O1:K25 at 20% in 2000 and 13% in 2001. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the pandemic strains from molluscan shellfish were indistinguishable or very similar to those of patient isolates. Similarity of the serotype distribution and DNA fingerprints occurring between the molluscan shellfish strains and clinical strains suggests that molluscan shellfish may be an important source of pandemic V. parahaemolyticus infection in southern Thailand. For public health, proper cooking of molluscan shellfish in this area is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 from Asia

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 3981-3986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hin-Chung Wong ◽  
Shu-Hui Liu ◽  
Tien-Kuei Wang ◽  
Chih-Lung Lee ◽  
Chien-Shun Chiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Pfge Typing ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Strain Dependent

ABSTRACT A variety of serovars of the food-borne pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus normally cause infection. Since 1996, the O3:K6 strains of this pathogen have caused pandemics in many Asian countries, including Taiwan. For a better understanding of these pandemic strains, the recently isolated clinical O3:K6 strains from India, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan were examined in terms of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing and other biological characteristics. After PFGE and cluster analysis, all the O3:K6 strains were grouped into two unrelated groups. The recently isolated O3:K6 strains were all in one group, consisting of eight closely related patterns, with I1(81%) and I5(13%) being the most frequent patterns. Pattern I1 was the major one for strains from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. All recently isolated O3:K6 strains carried the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene. No significant difference was observed between recently isolated O3:K6 strains and either non-O3:K6 reference strains or old O3:K6 strains isolated before 1996 with respect to antibiotic susceptibility, the level of thermostable direct hemolysin, and the susceptibility to environmental stresses. Results in this study confirmed that the recently isolated O3:K6 strains of V. parahaemolyticus are genetically close to each other, while the other biological traits examined were usually strain dependent, and no unique trait was found in the recently isolated O3:K6 strains.

scholarly journals Prevalence and serodiversity of the pandemic clone among the clinical strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in southern Thailand

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. LAOHAPRERTTHISAN ◽  
A. CHOWDHURY ◽  
U. KONGMUANG ◽  
S. KALNAUWAKUL ◽  
M. ISHIBASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Southern Thailand

We collected diarrhoea specimens in two hospitals in southern Thailand in 1999 to examine whether infection by the Vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic clone is prevalent. V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from 317 specimens. Seventy-six per cent of the isolated strains had the pandemic clone-specific characteristics (tdh+, trh−, and an unique toxRS sequence detectable by GS-PCR) and an associated characteristic (the ORF8 sequence of f237 phage). These strains belonged to the three pandemic servovars with the O3[ratio ]K6 strains being dominant and three other serovars (O1[ratio ]K25, O1[ratio ]K41 and O4[ratio ]K12). We also found O1[ratio ]K25 and O1[ratio ]K41 strains with the pandemic clone-specific characteristics among the strains isolated from the international travellers who left Thailand and three other Asian countries between 1998 and 1999, verifying pandemic potential of these strains. The results demonstrate prevalence of infection by the pandemic clone in southern Thailand and suggest emergence of various serovariants in this area and their implication in international spread.

scholarly journals Autoregulation of ToxR and Its Regulatory Actions on Major Virulence Gene Loci in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiquan Zhang ◽  
Lingfei Hu ◽  
George Osei-Adjei ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Wenhui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Regulatory Actions

Characteristics of Virulent Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Oregon and Washington

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
TSAI-HSIN CHIU ◽  
JINGYUN DUAN ◽  
YI-CHENG SU
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
The Pacific

Thirty-four virulent strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus containing tdh and/or trh genes isolated from Oregon and Washington coastal water were analyzed for O-group antigens and urease activity, and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Six O serotypes (O1, O3, O4, O5, O10, and O11) were identified among the isolates, with the O5 group (19 isolates) being the most prevalent, followed by the O1 group (9 isolates). Nearly all (33 of 34) isolates were capable of producing urease, which reaffirmed the correlation between urease production and virulence factors of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from the Pacific Northwest. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis with NotI and SfiI digestions of the 34 V. parahaemolyticus isolates plus five clinical strains revealed 22 patterns (N1S1 to N20S22), with N1S1 (25.6%) being the most common, followed by N2S2 (10.3%). Nine Oregon isolates were grouped with a 1997 Oregon outbreak strain (027-1C1) with the same serotype (O5), virulence factors (tdh+ and trh+), and genotype (N1S1). Three Washington isolates were found to share the same serotype (O1), virulence factors (tdh+ and trh+), and genotype (N2S2) with a 1997 Washington outbreak strain (10293). The repetitive isolation of virulent strains of V. parahaemolyticus identical to clinical strains involved in previous outbreaks indicates potential hazards associated with oyster consumption. These data may be useful in risk assessment of V. parahaemolyticus infections associated with raw oyster consumption in Oregon and Washington.

scholarly journals Virulence gene, antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in migratory birds, Guangdong

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin zheng ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Jun Xue Guo ◽  
Ling Wei Zhu ◽  
Yao Jia Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Abstract Background Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an intestinal pathogen that is transmitted by contaminated aquatic products.Migratory birds ate foods infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, excreting feces on other foods. Other organisms ate contaminated food again, leading to the spread of strains. It were reported previously that Vibrio parahaemolyticus was sensitive to most antibiotics except penicillin such as ampicillin and amoxicillin. However, due to the frequent used of antibiotics in recent years, Vibrio parahaemolyticus developed resistance to antibiotics. The recommended antibiotics for Vibrio parahaemolyticus treatment were tetracycline, β-lactam, quinolone and sulfonamide. In the storage migratory bird, Vibrio parahaemolyticus could complete the accumulation of drug resistance, resulting in the generation of drug resistance genes, or the horizontal drug resistance genes transfer from other bacteria, resulting obtain drug resistance genes. Results In this study, 122 isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were obtained for further pathogenicity identification, antibacterial susceptibility testing of 18 antimicrobial compounds and genetic characterization based on the whole genome sequencing. There is no pandemic serotype isolated between migratory birds, but 37 strains with cholera toxin. Five strains had col3M plasmid-moderately resistant drug-resistant strains of quinolone mediated by the qnrD1 gene. For the first time in China, Vibrio parahaemolyticus with col3M plasmid-mediated qnrD1 gene was isolated from migratory birds. Conclusion According to the mutltilocus sequence typing analysis, authors found the bacterial genetic diversity is higher, the clones are less and there is regional aggregation in Shenzhen. And mallards are more susceptible to Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

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