scholarly journals Characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 from Asia

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 3981-3986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hin-Chung Wong ◽  
Shu-Hui Liu ◽  
Tien-Kuei Wang ◽  
Chih-Lung Lee ◽  
Chien-Shun Chiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Pfge Typing ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Strain Dependent

ABSTRACT A variety of serovars of the food-borne pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus normally cause infection. Since 1996, the O3:K6 strains of this pathogen have caused pandemics in many Asian countries, including Taiwan. For a better understanding of these pandemic strains, the recently isolated clinical O3:K6 strains from India, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan were examined in terms of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing and other biological characteristics. After PFGE and cluster analysis, all the O3:K6 strains were grouped into two unrelated groups. The recently isolated O3:K6 strains were all in one group, consisting of eight closely related patterns, with I1(81%) and I5(13%) being the most frequent patterns. Pattern I1 was the major one for strains from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. All recently isolated O3:K6 strains carried the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene. No significant difference was observed between recently isolated O3:K6 strains and either non-O3:K6 reference strains or old O3:K6 strains isolated before 1996 with respect to antibiotic susceptibility, the level of thermostable direct hemolysin, and the susceptibility to environmental stresses. Results in this study confirmed that the recently isolated O3:K6 strains of V. parahaemolyticus are genetically close to each other, while the other biological traits examined were usually strain dependent, and no unique trait was found in the recently isolated O3:K6 strains.

scholarly journals Serogroup, Virulence, and Genetic Traits of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Estuarine Ecosystem of Bangladesh

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (19) ◽  
pp. 6268-6274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munirul Alam ◽  
Wasimul B. Chowdhury ◽  
N. A. Bhuiyan ◽  
Atiqul Islam ◽  
Nur A. Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

ABSTRACT Forty-two strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from Bay of Bengal estuaries and, with two clinical strains, analyzed for virulence, phenotypic, and molecular traits. Serological analysis indicated O8, O3, O1, and K21 to be the major O and K serogroups, respectively, and O8:K21, O1:KUT, and O3:KUT to be predominant. The K antigen(s) was untypeable, and pandemic serogroup O3:K6 was not detected. The presence of genes tox R and tlh were confirmed by PCR in all but two strains, which also lacked tox R. A total of 18 (41%) strains possessed the virulence gene encoding thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), and one had the TDH-related hemolysin (trh) gene, but not tdh. Ten (23%) strains exhibited Kanagawa phenomenon that surrogates virulence, of which six, including the two clinical strains, possessed tdh. Of the 18 tdh-positive strains, 17 (94%), including the two clinical strains, had the seromarker O8:K21, one was O9:KUT, and the single trh-positive strain was O1:KUT. None had the group-specific or ORF8 pandemic marker gene. DNA fingerprinting employing pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SfiI-digested DNA and cluster analysis showed divergence among the strains. Dendrograms constructed using PFGE (SfiI) images from a soft database, including those of pandemic and nonpandemic strains of diverse geographic origin, however, showed that local strains formed a cluster, i.e., “clonal cluster,” as did pandemic strains of diverse origin. The demonstrated prevalence of tdh-positive and diarrheagenic serogroup O8:K21 strains in coastal villages of Bangladesh indicates a significant human health risk for inhabitants.

Comparative evaluation of a chromogenic agar medium – PCR protocol with a conventional method for isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from environmental and clinical samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Canizalez-Roman ◽  
Héctor Flores-Villaseñor ◽  
Jorge Zazueta-Beltran ◽  
Secundino Muro-Amador ◽  
Nidia León-Sicairos
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Screening for pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus has become routine in certain areas associated with food-borne outbreaks. This study is an evaluation of the CHROMagar Vibrio (CV) medium – PCR protocol and the conventional method (TCBS (thiosulfate – citrate – bile salts – sucrose) agar plus biochemical and Wagatsuma agar tests) for detection of V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp, water, sediment, and stool samples collected for biosurveillance in an endemic area of northwestern Mexico. A total of 131 environmental and clinical samples were evaluated. The CV medium – PCR protocol showed a significantly improved ability (P < 0.05) to isolate and detect V. parahaemolyticus, identifying isolates of this bacteria missed by the conventional method. Although some other bacteria, distinct from pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, produced violet colonies similar to that of V. parahaemolyticus on CV medium, we were able to detect a superior number of samples of V. parahaemolyticus with the CV medium – PCR protocol than with the conventional method. The Kanagawa phenomenon is routinely determined on Wagatsuma agar for the diagnosis of V. parahaemolyticus (pathogenic) positive for thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) in developing countries. In our results, Wagatsuma agar showed low sensitivity (65.4% at 24 h and 75.6% at 48 h) and specificity (52.4% at 48 h) for identifying V. parahaemolyticus positive for TDH. Overall, our data support the use of the CV medium – PCR protocol in place of the conventional method (TCBS – biochemical tests – Wagatsuma agar) for detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, both in terms of effectiveness and cost efficiency.

scholarly journals Molecular Typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates, Obtained from Patients Involved in Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Taiwan, by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1809-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hin-Chung Wong ◽  
Chi-Chang Liu ◽  
Tze-Ming Pan ◽  
Tien-Kuei Wang ◽  
Chih-Lung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Rapd Method

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most important food-borne pathogens in Taiwan, Japan, and other countries with long coastlines. This paper reports on the development of a new random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method for the molecular typing of this pathogen. The 10-mer primer 284 (5′-CAG GCG CAC A-3′) was selected to generate polymorphic amplification profiles of the genomic DNA at an annealing temperature of 38°C. A total of 308 clinical isolates of V. parahaemolyticus collected during food poisoning outbreaks in Taiwan, mostly occurring between 1993 and 1995, plus 11 environmental and clinical reference strains were analyzed by this RAPD method. A total of 41 polymorphic RAPD patterns were recognized, and these patterns were arbitrarily grouped into 16 types (A to P). Types A, B, C, D, and E were the major types, and subtypes C3, C5, E1, B1, D2, and A2 were the major patterns. The major types were phylogenetically more closely related to each other than to any of the minor types.

scholarly journals Identification of a DNA Methyltransferase Gene Carried on a Pathogenicity Island-Like Element (VPAI) in Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Its Prevalence among Clinical and Environmental Isolates

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 4455-4460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-zhen Wang ◽  
Minnie M. L. Wong ◽  
Desmond O'Toole ◽  
Mandy M. H. Mak ◽  
Rudolf S. S. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Pathogenicity Island ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Virulence Traits ◽  
Hemolysin Gene ◽  
Methyltransferase Gene ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
Pandemic Strains

ABSTRACT In this study we identified a putative virulence-associated DNA methyltransferase (MTase) gene carried on a novel 22.79-kb pathogenicity island-like element (VPAI) in V. parahaemolyticus. The V. parahaemolyticus MTase gene was shown by PCR to be prevalent (>98%) in pandemic thermostable direct hemolysin gene-positive isolates, which suggests that VPAI may confer unique virulence traits to pandemic strains of V. parahaemolyticus.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomic Analysis Using Microarray Demonstrates a Strong Correlation between the Presence of the 80-Kilobase Pathogenicity Island and Pathogenicity in Kanagawa Phenomenon-Positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1016-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Izutsu ◽  
Ken Kurokawa ◽  
Kosuke Tashiro ◽  
Satoru Kuhara ◽  
Tetsuya Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Pathogenicity Island ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Genetic Event ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACTVibrio parahaemolyticusis a gram-negative marine bacterium. A limited population of the organisms causes acute gastroenteritis in humans. Almost all of the clinicalV. parahaemolyticusisolates exhibit beta-type hemolysis on Wagatsuma agar, known as the Kanagawa phenomenon (KP). KP is induced by the thermostable direct hemolysin produced by the organism and has been considered a crucial marker to distinguish pathogenic strains from nonpathogenic ones. Since 1996, so-called “pandemic clones,” the majority of which belong to serotype O3:K6, have caused worldwide outbreaks of gastroenteritis. In this study, we used a DNA microarray constructed based on the genome sequence of a pandemicV. parahaemolyticusstrain, RIMD2210633, to examine the genomic composition of 22 strains ofV. parahaemolyticus, including both pathogenic (pandemic and nonpandemic) and nonpathogenic strains. More than 86% of the RIMD2210633 genes were conserved in all of the strains tested. Many variably present genes formed gene clusters on the genome of RIMD2210633 and were probably acquired through lateral gene transfer. At least 65 genes over 11 loci were specifically present in the pandemic strains compared with any of the nonpandemic strains, suggesting that the difference between pandemic and nonpandemic strains is not due to a simple genetic event. Only the genes in the 80-kb pathogenicity island (Vp-PAI) on chromosome II, including twotdhgenes and a set of genes for the type III secretion system, were detected only in the KP-positive pathogenic strains. These results strongly suggest that acquisition of this Vp-PAI was crucial for the emergence ofV. parahaemolyticusstrains that are pathogenic for humans.

scholarly journals Isolation of Thermostable Direct Hemolysin Producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Food Using Screening by PCR in Food-borne Outbreaks

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
Hiromi OBATA ◽  
Yukako SHIMOJIMA ◽  
Noriko KONISHI ◽  
Chie MONMA ◽  
Kazuyoshi YANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Food-Borne Vibrio parahaemolyticus From African Salad in Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etinosa O. Igbinosa ◽  
Abeni Beshiru ◽  
Isoken H. Igbinosa ◽  
Abraham G. Ogofure ◽  
Kate E. Uwhuba
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
Minimally Processed Vegetables

The demand for minimally processed vegetables (African salad) has increased partly due to its inclusion in ready-to-eat foods. Nevertheless, the associated risk of the presence of emergent foodborne pathogens, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus might be underestimated. The present study was designed to isolate and characterize foodborne V. parahaemolyticus from minimally processed vegetables using culture-based methods and molecular approach. A total of 300 samples were examined from retail outlets between November 2018 and August 2019 from Southern Nigeria. The prevalence of vibrios from the overall samples based on the colonial proliferation of yellow, blue-green and/or green colonies on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar was 74/300 (24.6%). An average of two green or blue-green colonies from respective plates was screened for V. parahaemolyticus using analytical profile index (API) 20 NE. Polymerase chain reaction further confirmed the identity of positive V. parahaemolyticus. The counts of V. parahaemolyticus ranged from 1.5 to 1,000 MPN/g. A total of 63 recovered V. parahaemolyticus were characterized further. The resistance profile of the isolates include ampicillin 57/63 (90.5%), cefotaxime 41/63 (65.1%), ceftazidime 30/63 (47.6%), amikacin 32/63 (50.8%), kanamycin 15/63 (23.8%), and oxytetracycline 16/63 (25.4%). The multiple antibiotic index ranged from 0–0.81. The formation of biofilm by the isolates revealed the following: strong formation 15/63 (23.8%), moderate formation 31/63 (49.2%), weak formation 12/63 (19.1%), and no formation 5/63 (7.9%). A total of 63/63 (100%), 9/63 (14.3%), and 20/63 (31.8%) of the isolates harbored the tox R gene, TDH-related hemolysin (trh) and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) determinants respectively. The isolates with O2 serogroup were most prevalent via PCR. Isolates that were resistant to tetracycline, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol possessed resistant genes. The presence of multidrug-resistant vibrios in the minimally processed vegetables constitutes a public health risk and thus necessitates continued surveillance.

scholarly journals The structure of a GFP-based antibody (fluorobody) to TLH, a toxin fromVibrio parahaemolyticus

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoguang Chen ◽  
Xiaocheng Huang ◽  
Rongzhi Wang ◽  
Shihua Wang ◽  
Ning Shi
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Hybrid Molecule ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Vapour Diffusion ◽  
Green Fluorescent

A fluorobody is a manmade hybrid molecule that is composed of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a fragment of antibody, which combines the affinity and specificity of an antibody with the visibility of a GFP. It is able to provide a real-time indication of binding while avoiding the use of tags and secondary binding reagents. Here, the expression, purification and crystal structure of a recombinant fluorobody for TLH (thermolabile haemolysin), a toxin from the lethal food-borne disease bacteriumVibrio parahaemolyticus, are presented. This is the first structure of a fluorobody to be reported. Crystals belonging to space groupP43212, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 63.35,c = 125.90 Å, were obtained by vapour diffusion in hanging drops and the structure was refined to anRfreeof 16.7% at 1.5 Å resolution. The structure shows a CDR loop of the antibody on the GFP scaffold.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document