Characteristics of Virulent Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Oregon and Washington

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
TSAI-HSIN CHIU ◽  
JINGYUN DUAN ◽  
YI-CHENG SU
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
The Pacific

Thirty-four virulent strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus containing tdh and/or trh genes isolated from Oregon and Washington coastal water were analyzed for O-group antigens and urease activity, and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Six O serotypes (O1, O3, O4, O5, O10, and O11) were identified among the isolates, with the O5 group (19 isolates) being the most prevalent, followed by the O1 group (9 isolates). Nearly all (33 of 34) isolates were capable of producing urease, which reaffirmed the correlation between urease production and virulence factors of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from the Pacific Northwest. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis with NotI and SfiI digestions of the 34 V. parahaemolyticus isolates plus five clinical strains revealed 22 patterns (N1S1 to N20S22), with N1S1 (25.6%) being the most common, followed by N2S2 (10.3%). Nine Oregon isolates were grouped with a 1997 Oregon outbreak strain (027-1C1) with the same serotype (O5), virulence factors (tdh+ and trh+), and genotype (N1S1). Three Washington isolates were found to share the same serotype (O1), virulence factors (tdh+ and trh+), and genotype (N2S2) with a 1997 Washington outbreak strain (10293). The repetitive isolation of virulent strains of V. parahaemolyticus identical to clinical strains involved in previous outbreaks indicates potential hazards associated with oyster consumption. These data may be useful in risk assessment of V. parahaemolyticus infections associated with raw oyster consumption in Oregon and Washington.

scholarly journals Molecular typing of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 (H−) isolates from cattle in Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. AKIBA ◽  
T. MASUDA ◽  
T. SAMESHIMA ◽  
K. KATSUDA ◽  
M. NAKAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Pfge Profiles

A total of 77 Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 (H−) isolates from cattle in Japan were investigated by molecular biological methods. Most of these isolates (43 isolates) possessed the stx2 gene, but not stx1. Fifteen bacteriophage types and 50 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were observed. One isolate was indistinguishable from the human outbreak strain by these methods. This indicates that cattle must be considered as a possible source of human E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 infection in Japan.

scholarly journals New product, old problem(s): multistate outbreak of Salmonella Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+) infections linked to raw sprouted nut butters, October 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Heiman Marshall ◽  
H. Booth ◽  
J. Harrang ◽  
K. Lamba ◽  
A. Folley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
New Product ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Voluntary Recall ◽  
Sprouted Seeds ◽  
Paratyphi B

Abstract A cluster of Salmonella Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+) infections with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns was detected in October 2015. Interviews initially identified nut butters, kale, kombucha, chia seeds and nutrition bars as common exposures. Epidemiologic, environmental and traceback investigations were conducted. Thirteen ill people infected with the outbreak strain were identified in 10 states with illness onset during 18 July–22 November 2015. Eight of 10 (80%) ill people reported eating Brand A raw sprouted nut butters. Brand A conducted a voluntary recall. Raw sprouted nut butters are a novel outbreak vehicle, though contaminated raw nuts, nut butters and sprouted seeds have all caused outbreaks previously. Firms producing raw sprouted products, including nut butters, should consider a kill step to reduce the risk of contamination. People at greater risk for foodborne illness may wish to consider avoiding raw products containing raw sprouted ingredients.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis in Tracking Two Outbreaks of Invasive Meningococcal Disease Serogroup C in British Columbia

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame Quan ◽  
Mark Gilbert ◽  
Samara T David ◽  
Tazim Rahim ◽  
Kathy Adie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Pulsed Field

Two major outbreaks of invasive meningococcal disease serogroup C (IMD-C) were identified in British Columbia between 2000 and 2004. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) andporAgene sequencing of all retained IMD-C isolates were used to assess correlations between genotypes and epidemiological patterns. PFGE patterns of IMD-C genotypes correlated with epidemiological patterns between 2000 and 2004 in British Columbia, and demonstrated that PFGE can identify outbreak-related cases. Both IMD-C outbreaks correlated with a respective PFGE pattern. PFGE analysis demonstrated that the 2004 British Columbia outbreak strain in men who have sex with men was closely related to the 2001 Abbotsford outbreak strain.PorAsequencing data indicated low diversity of class 1 outer membrane proteins in British Columbia, and did not correlate with epidemiological trends. There was a trend for outbreak-associated PFGE types to demonstrate higher case fatality rates.

scholarly journals Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and PCR Characterization of Environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains of Different Origins

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (17) ◽  
pp. 6301-6304 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Suffredini ◽  
C. Lopez-Joven ◽  
L. Maddalena ◽  
L. Croci ◽  
A. Roque
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Intraspecies Variability ◽  
Different Origins

ABSTRACTThe present study used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) characterization to examine the intraspecies variability and genetic relationships among environmental isolates ofVibrio parahaemolyticusfrom different European countries. This is first study performed on environmentalV. parahaemolyticusthat included more than one European country.

A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing scheme for Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from fifteen countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hin-chung Wong ◽  
Shu-Hui Liu ◽  
Chien-Shun Chiou ◽  
Mitsuaki Nishibuchi ◽  
Bok-Kwon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Typing Scheme

scholarly journals Identification of 16S rRNA Methylase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains in North America

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 4209-4210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Doi ◽  
Jennifer M. Adams ◽  
Kunikazu Yamane ◽  
David L. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
16S Rrna Methylase

ABSTRACT Five highly amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were collected at a medical center in Pennsylvania. The aminoglycoside resistance was due to the production of the 16S rRNA methylase ArmA. Two of the isolates coproduced OXA-23 β-lactamase and were highly resistant to carbapenems as well. The isolates were genetically closely related by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

scholarly journals Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Vibrio vulnificus Strains Isolated from Taiwan and the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 5153-5158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hin-chung Wong ◽  
Shau-Yan Chen ◽  
Meng-Yi Chen ◽  
James D. Oliver ◽  
Lien-I Hor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Discriminative Method ◽  
Geographic Regions

ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus is a marine bacterium that causes human wound infections and septicemia with a high mortality rate. V. vulnificus strains from different clinical and environmental sources or geographic regions have been successfully characterized by ribotyping and several other methods. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a highly discriminative method, but previous studies suggested that it was not suitable for examining the correlation of V. vulnificus strains from different origins. We employed PFGE to determine its efficacy for characterizing V. vulnificus strains from different geographic regions, characterizing a total of 153 strains from clinical and environmental origins from the United States and Taiwan after SfiI or NotI digestion. V. vulnificus strains showed a high intraspecific diversity by PFGE after SfiI or NotI digestion, and about 12% of the strains could not be typed by the use of either of these enzymes. For PFGE with SfiI digestion, most of the clinical and environmental strains from the United States were grouped into cluster A, while the strains from Taiwan were grouped into other clusters. Clinical strains from the United States showed a higher level of genetic homogeneity than clinical strains from Taiwan, and environmental strains from both regions showed a similarly high level of heterogeneity. PFGE with NotI digestion was useful for studying the correlation of clinical strains from the United States and Taiwan, but it was not suitable for analyzing environmental strains. The results showed that PFGE with SfiI digestion may be used to characterize V. vulnificus strains from distant geographic regions, with NotI being a recommended alternative enzyme.

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